With the growing infrastructure for overhead lines, the demand for overhead‐line condition‐monitoring technologies has become increasingly urgent. Traditional current transformers used to measure ...three‐phase currents are bulky and difficult to install, which further increases the cost of monitoring. In order to meet the current state assessment needs of transmission and distribution networks, this study uses a novel magnetic‐field sensor array to realize nonintrusive overhead‐line current detection. Based on the magnetic fields measured by magnetic‐field sensors placed on the ground under the overhead line, the proposed algorithm can be used to calculate the three‐phase current values. The proposed method does not require on‐site calibration before the field measurements are conducted. With partially known overhead‐line geometry specifications from utilities, the algorithm can optimize the overhead‐line geometry and finally achieve accurate current detection. The simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed current‐detection technique can accurately calculate the three‐phase currents of the overhead line with only three three‐axis magnetic‐field sensors.
In the present study, the new vertical sensor array consists of three three‐axis MF sensors and is placed on the ground plane under the overhead line. According to the ground‐level magnetic fields measured by the sensor array and the partially known overhead‐line geometry information from utilities, the proposed algorithm can be used to accurately calculate the three‐phase currents. Because this new detection method does not require an on‐site calibration procedure, it becomes a more robust and simpler measurement solution.
Background and Aims
Apolipoprotein A‐1 (ApoA‐1), the major apolipoprotein of high‐density lipoprotein, plays anti‐atherogenic role in cardiovascular diseases and exerts anti‐inflammation effect in ...various inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the role and mechanism of ApoA‐1 in hepatic ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown.
Methods
In this study, we measured ApoA‐1 expression in human liver grafts after transplantation. Mice partial hepatic I/R injury model was made in ApoA‐1 knockout mice, ApoA‐1 mimetic peptide D‐4F treatment mice and corresponding control mice to examine the effect of ApoA‐1 on liver damage, inflammation response and cell death. Primary hepatocytes and macrophages were isolated for in vitro study.
Results
The results showed that ApoA‐1 expression was down‐regulated in human liver grafts after transplantation and mice livers subjected to hepatic I/R injury. ApoA‐1 deficiency aggravated liver damage and inflammation response induced by hepatic I/R injury. Interestingly, we found that ApoA‐1 deficiency increased pyroptosis instead of apoptosis during acute phase of hepatic I/R injury, which mainly occurred in macrophages rather than hepatocytes. The inhibition of pyroptosis compensated for the adverse impact of ApoA‐1 deficiency. Furthermore, the up‐regulated pyroptosis process was testified to be mediated by ApoA‐1 through TLR4–NF‐κB pathway and TLR4 inhibition significantly improved hepatic I/R injury. In addition, we confirmed that D‐4F ameliorated hepatic I/R injury.
Conclusions
Our study has identified the protective role of ApoA‐1 in hepatic I/R injury through inhibiting pyroptosis in macrophages via TLR4–NF‐κB pathway. The effect of ApoA‐1 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for hepatic I/R injury.
In recent years, more and more inflammatory indicators have been studied to predict the long-term survival of patients with ampullary carcinoma (AC) after radical resection, but these prognostic ...indicators are still controversial. Therefore, based on previous inflammation scores, this study established a novel, easily accessible, more feasible and more predictive prognostic marker Carbohydrate antigen199 to gamma-glutamyltransferase ratio (CA19-9/GGT) to better assess the prognostic significance in AC patients undergoing radical resection.
Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed by Cox regression model. Correlation between CA19-9/GGT and clinicopathological variables were analyzed by Chi-squared test, Fisher ' s exact test, independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test. The performance of prognostic indexes is compared by the consistency index (C-index). The prediction accuracy of nomogram is further confirmed by calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).
CA19-9/GGT was an independent risk factor affecting OS P = 0.001, hazard ratio (HR) 2.459, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.450-4.167 and RFS (P = 0.002, HR 2.333, 95% CI 1.371-3.971) in multivariate analysis. The optimal cut-off value of CA19-9/GGT was 0.14. In CA19-9/GGT correlation analysis, high risk group (> 0.14) was significantly associated with poor prognosis. The predictive performance of CA19-9/GGT (OS: C-index = 0.753, RFS: C-index = 0.745) was confirmed to be superior to other prognostic indicators according to the C-index. Compared with the simple AJCC staging system, the Nomogram prediction model (OS: C-index = 0.787, RFS: C-index = 0.795) established by the combination of CA19-9/GGT and AJCC 8th TNM staging system has higher prediction accuracy.
CA19-9/GGT was an independent prognostic indicator after radical resection of AC. Incorporating CA19-9/GGT into the AJCC TNM staging system optimized the prediction accuracy of the TNM staging system, and further verified the predictive value of CA19-9/GGT.
Chemotherapy combined with surgery is an important clinical treatment for glioma, but endogenous or acquired temozolomide (TMZ) resistance can lead to poor prognosis. microRNA (miR)-9-5p acts in ...biological function of glioma, but the drug resistance of miR-9-5p in glioma is under exploration. The study intended to test the molecular mechanism of miR-9-5p in glioma cells. MTT assay was applied to investigate the chemosensitivity enhancement of miR-9-5p on TMZ in glioma cells U87-TMZ and U251-TMZ, and
in vivo
experiments confirmed its role on tumor growth in nude mice. The results of double luciferase reporter gene assay, qRT-PCR and WB indicated that miR-9-5p directly targeted ABCC1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1) to reduce its expressions. MTT and flow cytometry indicated that elevation of miR-9-5p or down-regulation of ABCC1 could inhibit proliferation-induced apoptosis of drug-resistant cells, and the decrease of miR-9-5p could reverse the reduction of ABCC1 on proliferation-induced apoptosis of drug-resistant cells. In vivo experiments showed that miR-9-5p could promote the anti-tumor role of TMZ. To sum up, the increase of miR-9-5p directly targets ABCC1 and may make glioma cells sensitive to TMZ.
This article introduces a La(III) compound with the formula of La
2
(tdc)
3
(DMA)
2
(H
2
O)
n
(
1
, H
2
tdc = 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid, DMA =
N
,
N
′-dimethylacetamide), whose feature can be ...analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, elemental analysis and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. It is easy to remove the coordinated solvent molecules of
1
through thermal activation, affording the solvent-free sample (
1a
) with large one-dimensional opened channels. Gas adsorption investigations have shown that
1a
shows high CO
2
sorption ability of 79.2 m
3
/g under the condition of 298 K and 1 atmosphere, and the moderate adsorption selectivity of CH
4
for CO
2
. This study evaluates the application value of La(III) on the glioma treatment and in the meanwhile explores the related mechanism. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to measure of U-373MG glioma cancer cells after compound treatment. The activation of VEGF signaling pathway in the glioma cancer cells was determined by performing the real time RT-PCR.
Abies yuanbaoshanensis is critically endangered and restricted in the Yuanbao Mountain of China, with no more than 900 surviving individuals. Here, we reported the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of ...A. yuanbaoshanensis. The complete chloroplast genome is 121,795 bp in size. In total, 114 genes were identified, including 68 peptide-encoding genes, 35 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes, 6 open reading frames, and 1 pseudogene. Thirteen genes contain introns. In phylogenetic analysis, both the ML and BI analyses supported the monophyly of the genus Abies. Our study will provide potential genetic resources for further conservation and evolutionary studies of this highly endangered species.
To improve the efficiency of power transmission, high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission systems are crucial power-related development in many countries. This study proposes a contactless dc ...current measurement method suitable for on-site measurements of HVdc overhead lines. In this method, a vertical magnetic field (MF) sensor array (three layers and one three-axis MF sensor installed in each layer) is designed to measure the spatial MFs on the ground. With the spatial MFs measured by the sensor array and the overhead-line specifications obtained from utilities, the core current algorithm of the proposed method can accurately calculate the current values. In addition, we design a magnetic shielding mechanism to correct a dc offset that is inevitably output from each MF sensor. The dc offset includes the quiescent voltage of the self-circuit of the MF sensor and the output voltage of the MF sensor caused by the earth's MF. Thus, this mechanism can effectively solve the problem in which the dc offset is misjudged as an MF formed by the measured current. The simulation results indicate that under arbitrary vertical sensor array placements, the core convergence condition (geomagnetic invariance) of the proposed current algorithm can improve the algorithm convergence. Finally, the experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed method for the measurement of overhead-line current. Without conductor sags, all the current errors are less than 2% in both the 500- and 800-kV overhead-line scenarios. Moreover, even with serious conductor sags, all the current errors are still within 9%.
Understanding and forecasting species’ response to climate change is a critical need for future conservation and management. Two expansion hypotheses, the glacial expansion versus the interglacial ...expansion, have been proposed to interpret how cold-adapted organisms in the northern hemisphere respond to Quaternary climatic fluctuations. To test these two hypotheses, we originally used two pairs of high-low elevation firs from North America (
Abies lasiocarpa
and
Abies balsamea
) and East Asia (
Abies chensiensis
and
Abies nephrolepis
).
Abies lasiocarpa
and
Abies chensiensis
are widely distributed in high-elevation regions of western North America and central China.
Abies balsamea
and
Abies nephrolepis
occur in central North America and northeast China, with much lower elevations. These fir species are typical cold-adapted species and sensitive to climate fluctuations. Here, we integrated the mtDNA and cpDNA polymorphisms involving 44 populations and 585 individuals. Based on phylogeographic analyses, recent historical range expansions were indicated in two high-elevation firs (
Abies lasiocarpa
and
Abies chensiensis
) during the last glaciation (43.8–28.4 or 21.9–14.2 kya, 53.1–34.5 or 26.6–17.2 kya). Such glacial expansions in high-elevation firs were further confirmed by the evidence of species distribution modelling, geographic-driven genetic patterns, palynological records, and current distribution patterns. Unlike the north American firs, the SDM models indicated unremarkable expansion or contraction in East Asia firs for its much more stable conditions during different historical periods. Taken together, our findings highly supported that high-elevation firs experienced glacial expansion during the Quaternary climate change in East Asia and North America, as interglacial expansion within low-elevation firs. Under this situation, the critically endangered fir species distributed in high elevation would have no enough higher elevational space to migrate. Facing the increasing global warming, thus we proposed
ex-situ
conservation of defining conservation units as the most meaningful strategy.
The contrasting genome size between homosporous and heterosporous plants is fascinating. Different from the heterosporous seed plants and mainly homosporous ferns, the lycophytes are either ...heterosporous (Isoetales and Selaginellales) or homosporous (Lycopodiales). Many lycophytes are the resource plants of Huperzine A (HupA) which is invaluable for treating Alzheimer’s disease. For the seed-free vascular plants, several high-quality genomes of heterosporous
Selaginella
, homosporous ferns (maidenhair fern, monkey spider tree fern), and heterosporous ferns (
Azolla
) have been published and provided important insights into the origin and evolution of early land plants. However, the homosporous lycophyte genome has not been decoded. Here, we assembled the first homosporous lycophyte genome and conducted comparative genomic analyses by applying a reformed pipeline for filtering out non-plant sequences. The obtained genome size of
Lycopodium clavatum
is 2.30 Gb, distinguished in more than 85% repetitive elements of which 62% is long terminal repeat (LTR). This study disclosed a high birth rate and a low death rate of the LTR-RTs in homosporous lycophytes, but the opposite occurs in heterosporous lycophytes. we propose that the recent activity of LTR-RT is responsible for the immense genome size variation between homosporous and heterosporous lycophytes. By combing Ks analysis with a phylogenetic approach, we discovered two whole genome duplications (WGD). Morover, we identified all the five recognized key enzymes for the HupA biosynthetic pathway in the
L. clavatum
genome, but found this pathway incomplete in other major lineages of land plants. Overall, this study is of great importance for the medicinal utilization of lycophytes and the decoded genome data will be a key cornerstone to elucidate the evolution and biology of early vascular land plants.
Key message
The first homosporous lycophyte genome of
Lycopodium clavatum
.
MAPbBr3 single crystals have attracted much attention because of their high quantum efficiency and photoluminescence (PL) peaks. It has been researched that the crystal has two PL peaks and the ...additional PL peak comes from the “PbBr2” defect in the crystal. This can be well applied to dual-wavelength lasers. However, the change rule of the PL two peaks intensity is not clear. Herein. Crystals with two PL peaks are obtained by inverse temperature crystallization. We research the crystal structures of MABr and PbBr2 in different proportions, and find that these crystals have varying degrees of defects. Moreover, we confirm that these defects are Schottky defects based on experimental and simulated XRD. The optical properties of the samples are studied, which suggest that the PL intensity is related to the ratio of MABr to PbBr2. The energy level distribution of the crystal is calculated by energy level simulation, which further explains that the 536 nm is generated by “PbBr2” and the 567 nm is generated by MAPbBr3. All the results illustrate that the intensity of two peaks can be adjusted by the ratio of MABr to PbBr2. The maximum intensity is at 536 nm for MABr: PbBr2= 2 and 567 nm for MABr: PbBr2= 0.5. We explain this change rule of two peaks intensities from the energy level point of view and obtained MAPbBr3 crystals with high PL intensity corresponding to different wavelengths. This research provides a theoretical basis for the change in PL bimodal intensity, and an experimental reference for perovskite dual-wavelength laser.
•The change of photoluminescence two pesks intensity of MAPbBr3 is related to the content of MABr，which is proposed and illustrated.•The types of crystal defects caused by the MABr content were determined, and the crystal surface structure models of different ratio of MABr to PbBr2 were established, based on the experimental and simulated XRD.•The energy level simulation is quite consistent with the experimental results.•The model of dual-wavelength perovskite laser is proposed.
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