Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide and metastasis is the leading cause of death among patients with breast cancer. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway plays ...critical roles during breast cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. SMAD2, a positive regulator of TGF-β signaling, promotes breast cancer metastasis through induction of EMT.
The expression of miR-190 and SMAD2 in breast cancer tissues, adjacent normal breast tissues and cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR. The protein expression levels and localization were analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. ChIP and dual-luciferase report assays were used to validate the regulation of ZEB1-miR-190-SMAD2 axis. The effect of miR-190 on breast cancer progression was investigated both in vitro and in vivo.
miR-190 down-regulation is required for TGF-β-induced EMT. miR-190 suppresses breast cancer metastasis both in vitro and in vivo by targeting SMAD2. miR-190 expression is down-regulated and inversely correlates with SMAD2 in breast cancer samples, and its expression level was associated with outcome in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, miR-190 is transcriptionally regulated by ZEB1.
Our data uncover the ZEB1-miR-190-SMAD2 axis and provide a mechanism to explain the TGF-β network in breast cancer metastasis.
We enhanced the solid-state luminescence of lanthanoid metal ions within HOFs structured by Schiff base ligands via Zn(II) ion coordination. In addition, LnZn-HOFs can efficiently release Ln(III) ...ions in aqueous solution to achieve a highly sensitive response to very low concentrations of the heavy metal ion Cu(II). The ion-releasing properties of LnZn-HOFs can effectively inhibit the rapid proliferation of classical Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus.
Display omitted
•Zn(II) coordination enhances the solid-state luminescence of LnHOFs.•Luminescence of LnHOFs is enhanced by metal ion coordination for the first time.•The LOD of TbZn-HOF for sensing Cu(II) ions is 1.91 nM.•LnHOFs efficiently kill bacteria through ions release.
Enhancing the antenna effect to increase energy transfer to lanthanoid ions for generating bright luminescence is an effective strategy to construct lanthanoid luminophores with excellent performance. However, the antenna effect often depends on the structure, connection, and configuration of immobilized ligands. We found for the first time that the introduction of the Zn(II) ion coordination can greatly enhance the solid-state fluorescence and phosphorescence emission of lanthanoid hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (Ln-HOFs). Notably, relative to that of Tb-HOF, the solid-state fluorescence intensity, quantum yield, and lifetime of TbZn-HOFs had increased by 17.09, 38.81, and 12.96 times, respectively. The chelating coordination of the Zn(II) ions effectively hindered the vibration of organic ligands to weaken nonradiative transitions and stabilized and reduced the triplet excited state of the ligands through the spin–orbit coupling effect, which led to the increased efficiency of energy transfer with Tb(III) ions. In aqueous solution, LnZn-HOFs released Ln(III) ions effectively and captured low concentrations of the heavy metal ion Cu(II), and the efficient ligand-to-Cu(II) ion energy transfer quenched ligand luminescence. Notably, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 1.91 nM, which was considerably lower than the maximum level of Cu(II) ions in drinking water (20 μM) specified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and was better than the LOD of other previously reported probes. Furthermore, LnZn-HOFs can effectively inhibit the proliferation of classical Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, via ion release and thus showed a high sterilization effect. This work is the first to find that HOFs can exert efficient bacteriostatic and sterilization effects through ion release.
Phenothiazinone is a promising yet underutilized fluorophore, possibly due to the lack of a general accessibility. This study reports a robust and scalable TEMPO‐mediated electrochemical method to ...access a variety of phenothiazinones from 2‐aminothiophenols and quinones. The electrosynthesis proceeds in a simple cell architecture under mild condition, and notably carbon–halogen bond in quinones remains compared to conventional methods, enabling orthogonal downstream functionalization. Mechanistic studies corroborate that TEMPO exerts a protective effect in avoiding product decomposition at the cathode. In particular, benzophenothiazinones show intriguing luminescence in both solid and solution state, and thus their photophysical properties are scrutinized in detail. Further bio‐imaging of the lipid droplets in living cells highlights the considerable promise of benzophenothiazinones as fluorescent dye in the biomedical fields.
Electrochemical synthesis of phenothiazinone via oxidative cyclocondensation of quinone and 2‐aminothiophenol under mild condition is presented, along with its bio‐application as fluorophore for lipid droplets imaging in living cells.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and degeneration of bone microstructure. In recent years, more and more researches have focused on the close relationship ...between gut microbiota (GM) and the occurrence and progression of OP, and the regulation of probiotics and prebiotics on bone metabolism has gradually become a research hotspot. Based on the influence of brain-gut-bone axis on bone metabolism, this review expounds the potential mechanisms of probiotics and prebiotics on OP from next perspectives: regulation of intestinal metabolites, regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier function, involvement of neuromodulation, involvement of immune regulation and involvement of endocrine regulation, so as to provide a novel and promising idea for the prevention and treatment of OP in the future.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions wherein the resulting products remain dissolved in solvents generally require complicated separation and purification process, despite the advantage of ...heterogeneous systems allowing retrieval of catalysts. Herein, we have developed an efficient approach for the one‐pot tandem synthesis of quinazolines, quinazolinones and benzothiadiazine 1,1‐dioxides from alcohols and amines utilizing a bifunctional bipyridinium photocatalyst with redox and Lewis acid sites using air as an oxidant. Through solvent‐modulation strategy, the photocatalytic system exhibits high performance and enables most products to separate spontaneously. Consequently, the homogeneous catalyst can be reused by direct centrifugation isolation of the products. Notably, the method is also applicable to the less active substrates, such as heterocyclic alcohols and aliphatic alcohols, and thus provides an efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalytic route with spontaneous separation of N‐heterocycles to reduce production costs and meet the needs of atomic economy and green chemistry.
The first reusable homogeneous system with spontaneous product separation for transforming alcohols and amines into N‐heterocycles through solvent‐modulated one‐pot tandem reactions has been developed by utilizing the bifunctional small‐molecule photocatalyst with redox and Lewis acid sites, which demonstrates excellent substrate compatibility and holds significant promise for industrial‐scale production.
This work investigated effects of the galacturonic acid content (GA), degree of methoxylation (DM), degree of amidation (DA) and molecular weight (MW) of pectin on the pasting properties of rice ...starch (RS). Pectins with varying structures were selected randomly. Different pectins when added to RS showed significant differing (p < 0.05) influences on pasting properties of RS. Multiple regression analysis was adopted to establish equations between structural characteristics of pectin and pasting properties of RS. The obtained equations had a good fit (all R2 ≥ 0.936), and relative errors of pasting properties for prediction group were very close to the coefficient of variation (except breakdown). The contribution of the specific pectin structural characteristic on the change of the pasting properties of RS was also evaluated. DM was greatly correlated with peak and trough viscosity. Breakdown was strongly affected by DA and GA. Two primary factors that affected setback were the MW and GA. Furthermore, peak time was mainly influenced by DA.
Display omitted
•Influence of pectin structures on rice starch was calculated by multiple regression.•Pasting properties of RS/pectin could be predicted using the established equations.•Peak and trough viscosity were mainly affected by DM, setback mainly by Mw and GA.
Objectives
To investigate age-related changes on passive muscle stiffness in healthy individuals and measure the shear modulus in different age groups.
Methods
Shear wave elastography (SWE) movies of ...gastrocnemius medialis (GM) were collected during passive stretching induced by ankle rotation from plantarflexion (PF) to dorsiflexion (DF). A series of SWE images at ankle angles of PF 40°, PF 30°, PF 20°, PF 10°, 0°, DF 10°, DF 20°, and DF 30° were collected and shear moduli measured accordingly for analyses.
Results
Eighty-six healthy volunteers (27 children, 31 middle-aged adults, and 28 older people) were recruited. No significant difference was observed in the shear modulus between the three groups at ankle angles of PF 40°, PF 30°, PF 20°, PF 10°, and 0° (
p
> 0.05). The difference in the shear modulus among the three groups became significant as DF increased. At ankle angles of DF 10°, DF 20°, and DF 30°, the shear modulus was the greatest in the older group, followed by the middle-aged group and then the children group (
p
= 0.007, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively).
Conclusions
Passive muscle stiffness increases with age, and the difference between age groups was pronounced only after reaching a certain degree of stretching.
Key Points
• The influence of age on passive muscle stiffness becomes pronounced only after reaching a certain degree of stretching.
• Age should be considered when evaluating passive muscle stiffness in muscular disorders.
Colon cancer is one of the most life‐threatening malignancies worldwide. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is a cancer‐associated biomarker involved in the metastasis ...and prognosis of several cancers. However, whether and how HOTAIR affects colon cancer progression is still unclear. Consequently, we used RNA interference to knock down HOTAIR to explore its effects on human colon cancer cells. The dual luciferase reporter gene assay was initially used for testify the regulating relationship between lncRNA HOTAIR and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2). We determined the expressions of HOTAIR, IGF2BP2, E‐cadherin, and vimentin. Meanwhile, cell growth, cycle and apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assayed. LoVo cells were transplanted into nude mice, and tumor formation and microvessel density were evaluated. LncRNA HOTAIR positively regulated IGF2BP2. Besides, the expressions of HOTAIR and E‐cadherin and the apoptosis were increased, while the expressions of IGF2BP2 and vimentin, the growth, invasion and migration of LoVo cells, the average tumor weight, and microvessel density value were decreased. Of importance, overexpressed IGF2BP2 could reverse the above impacts. Taken together, the current study indicates that silencing of HOTAIR could inhibit the invasion, proliferation, and migration, and promote apoptosis of colon cancer LoVo cells through suppressing IGF2BP2 and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.
Silencing of HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) could inhibit the invasion, proliferation, and migration, and promote apoptosis of colon cancer LoVo cells through suppressing insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA‐binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by the decreased bone mass and destruction of bone microstructure, which tends to result in the enhanced bone fragility and related ...fractures, as well as high disability rate and mortality. Exercise is one of the most common, reliable and cost-effective interventions for the prevention and treatment of OP currently, and numerous studies have revealed the close association between gut microbiota (GM) and bone metabolism recently. Moreover, exercise can alter the structure, composition and abundance of GM, and further influence the body health via GM and its metabolites, and the changes of GM also depend on the choice of exercise modes. Herein, combined with relevant studies and based on the inseparable relationship between exercise intervention-GM-OP, this review is aimed to discuss the moderating effects and potential mechanisms of exercise intervention on GM and bone metabolism, as well as the interaction between them.
An update on the Pauwels classification Shen, Min; Wang, Chen; Chen, Hui ...
Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research,
12/2016, Letnik:
11, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Femoral neck fractures typically occur as a result of high-energy mechanisms among non-geriatric patients. Complications, including femoral neck shortening, non-union, and avascular necrosis, are ...relatively common after the internal fixation of this fracture pattern. These complications have serious effects on young patients. The Pauwels classification, which is the first biomechanical classification for femoral neck fractures, is still frequently used to determine and prescribe the appropriate treatment for femoral neck fractures. However, we lack a unified standard for measuring the Pauwels angle, which may make the classification unreliable. Understanding the relationship between the Pauwels classification and the complications arising from the internal fixation of femoral neck fractures is necessary. Meanwhile, a Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture among young adults, which involves a high shear load at the fracture site, is difficult to treat successfully. In addition, the recognized internal fixation for this fracture pattern remains uncertain.
This review aims to provide an update on the viewpoint on the Pauwels classification including the measurement of the Pauwels angle and to present evidence to prove the aforementioned relationship. Moreover, this article also discusses the optimal internal fixation for femoral neck fractures based on the Pauwels classification.
A unified standard of measurement should be established for the Pauwels classification, which is still frequently used in the literature and in determining appropriate treatment for femoral neck fractures, to achieve a credible classification. In addition, more randomized, multicentric, and prospective trials should be conducted in the future to clearly understand the relationship between the Pauwels classification and complications arising from the internal fixation of femoral neck fractures and, consequently, to explore ideal fixations for a Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture.
PDF
