In this study, we present Van Allen Probe observations showing that seed (hundreds of keV) and core (
≳ 1 MeV) electrons can resonate with ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) wave modes with distinctive m ...values simultaneously. An unusual electron energy spectrogram with double‐banded resonant structure was recorded by energetic particle, composition, and thermal plasma (ECT)‐magnetic electron ion spectrometer (MagEIS) and, meanwhile, boomerang stripes in pitch angle spectrogram appeared at the lower energy band. A localized drift resonance with m = 10 wave component was responsible for the resonant band peaked at ∼200 keV while a global drift resonance with m = 3 component gave rise to the upper band resonance peaked at ∼1 MeV. Time‐Of‐Flight on boomerang stripes suggested that the localized drift resonance with ∼200 keV electrons was confined within the plasmaspheric plume. Electron flux modulations were reproduced by numerical simulations in good consistency with the observations, supporting the scenario that localized and global drift resonance could coexist in the outer belt electron dynamics simultaneously.
Key Points
We, for the first time, report the banded drift resonance between outer belt electrons and ULF waves
ULF waves with small and moderate azimuthal wave numbers can resonate with core and seed electrons simultaneously
Azimuthally localized and global drift resonances are able to coexist
Summary
Background
Acne vulgaris is widespread across the world. Mapping the latest magnitudes and temporal trends of acne vulgaris provides the essential foundation for targeted public policies at ...the national, regional and global levels.
Objectives
In compliance with the framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, this study aimed to summarize the incidence, prevalence, DALYs and the corresponding secular trends of acne vulgaris by sex and age group in 204 countries from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The average annual percentage change was calculated to depict the temporal trends in age‐standardized rates (ASRs) of acne vulgaris burden by region, sex and age.
Results
Globally, it was estimated that there were 117·4 million 95% uncertainty interval (UI) 103·0–133.7 incident cases of acne vulgaris, 231·2 million (95% UI 208·2–255·5) prevalent cases and 5·0 (95% UI 3·0–7·9) million DALYs, with an increase of approximately 48% compared with 1990. Moreover, the overall ASRs of acne vulgaris increased by approximately 0·55% annually over the past three decades. We observed large disparities in ASRs of acne vulgaris with changing trends in sex, location and age. The ASR of acne vulgaris among women was around 1·3 times that of men, but the sex difference was narrowed because of the pronounced increase among men. The ASRs of acne vulgaris were higher in high‐income regions, but the increasing trend was more pronounced in other regions.
Conclusions
The burden rate of acne vulgaris continues to increase in almost all countries. Understanding the specific characteristics of acne vulgaris burden is essential to formulate more effective and targeted interventions for controlling acne burden.
What is already known about this topic?
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition affecting around 9·4% of the global population.
However, there is a sparsity of studies that have taken a truly global, regional and national approach.
What does this study add?
Following the Global Burden of Disease Study framework, this study summarizes the global magnitudes of acne vulgaris burden along with the temporal trend.
A pronounced acne vulgaris burden rate was observed in Western Europe, high‐income Asia Pacific and East Asia.
The burden rate of acne vulgaris continued to increase in almost all countries, except for the USA, Poland, Germany and New Zealand.
Linked Comment: L. Naldi. Br J Dermatol 2022; 186:605.
Plain language summary available online
Human protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2, HRMT1L1) is a protein that belongs to the arginine methyltransferase family, and it has diverse roles in transcriptional regulation through ...different mechanisms depending on its binding partners. In this study, we provide evidences for the negative effect of PRMT2 on breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Morever, cyclin D1, one of the key modulators of cell cycle, was found to be downregulated by PRMT2, and PRMT2 was further shown to suppress the estrogen receptor α-binding affinity to the activator protein-1 (AP-1) site in cyclin D1 promoter through indirect binding with AP-1 site, resulting in the inhibition of cyclin D1 promoter activity in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the expression of PRMT2 and cyclin D1 was confirmed in the breast cancer tissues by using tissue microarray assay. In addition, PRMT2 was found to show a high absent percentage in breast caner cell nuclei and the nuclear loss ratio of PRMT2 was demonstrated to positively correlate with cyclin D1 expression and the increasing tumor grade of invasive ductal carcinoma. Those results offer an essential insight into the effect of PRMT2 on breast carcinogenesis, and PRMT2 nuclear loss might be an important biological marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
The vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein (VSVMP) has been receiving attention as an anticancer agent because of its ability of inducing apoptosis.
Nude mice bearing A2780s and A2780cp ovarian ...tumors were treated twice weekly with i.v. administration of 50 μg VSVMP/250 μg liposome complex, 50 μg empty plasmid/250 μg liposome complex, 0.9% NaCl solution or weekly with i.p. administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. Tumor volume and survival time were observed. TUNEL assay and CD34 vessel staining were conducted in tumor tissue. Antiangiogenesis in vivo were determined by sponge assay. Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activities of VSVMP in vitro were tested on MS1murine endothelial cells and four human ovarian cancer cell lines: A2780s, A2780cp, HO8910 and COC1.
Administration of VSVMP resulted in significant inhibition (87%–98% maximum inhibition relative to controls) in the growth of A2780s and A2780cp tumor xenografts, and prolonged the survival of the treated mice. Complete tumor regression happened in VSVMP-treated mice in both tumor models. These antitumor responses were associated with marked increases in tumor apoptosis and reductions in intratumoral microvessel density.
Our data indicate that VSVMP may provide an effective approach to inhibit both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant human ovarian cancer growth with minimal side-effects.
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1, also known as serine/threonine kinase 11, STK11) is a tumor suppressor mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in a variety of sporadic cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that LKB1 ...controls the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the genome from oxidative damage. Cells lacking LKB1 exhibit markedly increased intracellular ROS levels, excessive oxidation of DNA, increased mutation rates and accumulation of DNA damage, which are effectively prevented by ectopic expression of LKB1 and by incubation with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. The role of LKB1 in suppressing ROS is independent of AMP-activated protein kinase, a canonical substrate of LKB1. Instead, under the elevated ROS, LKB1 binds to and maintains the activity of the cdc42-PAK1 (p21-activated kinase 1) complex, which triggers the activation of p38 and its downstream signaling targets, such as ATF-2, thereby enhancing the activity of superoxide dismutase-2 and catalase, two antioxidant enzymes that protect the cells from ROS accumulation, DNA damage and loss of viability. Our results provide a new paradigm for a non-canonical tumor suppressor function of LKB1 and highlight the importance of targeting ROS signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer cells lacking LKB1.
We report on a clear solar-cycle variation of the Sun’s shadow in the 10 TeV cosmic-ray flux observed by the Tibet air shower array during a full solar cycle from 1996 to 2009. In order to clarify ...the physical implications of the observed solar cycle variation, we develop numerical simulations of the Sun’s shadow, using the potential field source surface model and the current sheet source surface (CSSS) model for the coronal magnetic field. We find that the intensity deficit in the simulated Sun’s shadow is very sensitive to the coronal magnetic field structure, and the observed variation of the Sun’s shadow is better reproduced by the CSSS model. This is the first successful attempt to evaluate the coronal magnetic field models by using the Sun’s shadow observed in the TeV cosmic-ray flux.
Inspired by biological gradient structure, Ti basic gradient heterogeneous alloy component from TC11 alloy to TC4 alloy was fabricated by multi-wire arc additive manufacturing (MWAAM). The chemical ...mixing, phase and microstructure evolution, microhardness distribution and tensile property of Ti basic gradient heterogeneous alloy were investigated through EDS, XRD, SEM, hardness tester and tensile tester. The results indicated that the alloy elements formed a long-distance gradient concentration distribution during the transition between two different titanium alloys due to dilution, remelting, and convective mixing in the molten pool. The intensity of diffraction peaks of Ti basic gradient heterogeneous alloy in the gradient region had no obvious change. The microstructure of MWAAM Ti basic gradient heterogeneous alloy was mainly consisted of lamellar αP, acicular αS, equiaxed αS and β matrix. Different morphology of the αS phase was mainly attributed to the wetting state of the second solid phase and grain boundary. In addition, the microstructure of α phase in Ti basic gradient heterogeneous alloy was significantly changed by the gradient distribution of alloy composition. The gradient heterogeneous alloy component manufactured in this work had high bonding strength. The average UTS of MWAAM Ti basic gradient heterogeneous alloy was 793.14 MPa, which was close to MWAAM TC4 alloy and reached approximately 85% of MWAAM TC11 alloy.
•Ti basic bionic gradient heterogeneous alloy was prepared by MWAAM.•The relationship between the degree of elements dilution and microstructure evolution is established.•The wetting state of second solid phase and grain boundary affects the α morphology.•MWAAM-deposited Ti basic bionic gradient heterogeneous alloy shows high strength.
Rail corrugation on low rails of sharp railway curves is still a difficult problem to solve worldwide. Nearly all low rails of the sharp railway curves incur rail corrugation. In the present study, ...an active method to remedy rail corrugation was studied. From the viewpoint of the frictional self-excited oscillation of a wheelset-track system causing rail corrugation, the effect of wheelset structures on rail corrugation was studied. Three frictional self-excited oscillation models of wheelset-track systems with different wheelset structures were established, which include a heuristic wheelset structure and two being used in the railway industry. The incidence trends of the self-excited oscillations of these three wheelset-track systems were studied. It was found that the wheelset structure has an important effect on rail corrugation, and that the heuristic wheelset structure can restrain or get rid of rail corrugation. With the parameter sensitivity analysis, it was found that when the friction coefficient between the wheel and rail, rail gauge, rail cant, and sleeper span changes to some extent, the heuristic wheelset structure is robust enough to prevent rail corrugation. The proposed heuristic wheelset structure can be used as a potential solution to rail corrugation on sharply curved tracks.
We conducted a single-arm prospective study in 50 patients who received the combination of an haploidentical stem cell graft and an unrelated umbilical cord blood unit for the treatment of ...hematological malignancies. The median time for neutrophil engraftment was 13 days (11-20 days), and for platelets was 15 days (11-180 days). All surviving patients attained complete haploidentical engraftment except three patients who presented a mixed engraftment with increasing cord blood and decreasing haplo mismatch chimerism during the first 4 months after transplantation. The cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute GVHD was 20%±0.327% at day+100, and the incidence of chronic GVHD was 19.26%±1.0% at 1 year. The 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 19.78%±1%, and the TRM was 16.2%±0.54%. At 1 year, overall survival was 78.6%±7.6% and PFS 64.0%±11.0%. The BU/CY-based conditional regimen showed a significant superiority over TBI/CY on PFS (relative risk=5.012, 95% confidence interval, 1.146-21.927, P=0.032). In conclusion, the co-infusion of an unrelated cord blood unit may potentially improve the outcome of haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic SCT.
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