Multi-step inverse finite-element method (FEM) has been introduced to improve the accuracy of simulation in the sheet metal stamping. Moreover, it has also been used to try to obtain the strain ...distribution and shape of the blank in the intermediate steps. But there are two key problems which are essential for the realization of multi-step inverse FEM: the first one is the determination of initial solutions on the intermediate three-dimensional (3-D) configurations and the other is how to control the movement of nodes only on sliding constraint surfaces during Newton–Raphson iterations. In the study, the two questions above have been solved with our proposed methods: the former is obtained by mapping the arc-length of the final part onto intermediate sliding constraint surfaces with modified arc-length search method, and the latter is conducted by introducing an approach which is similar to that of contact search. The present inverse multi-step FEM has been realized and applied to a two-step deep drawing product. The obtained numerical results have been used to compare with that of incremental FEM to evaluate the effectiveness of the procedures proposed. Comparisons between multi-step inverse FEM and one-step inverse FEM have also been conducted to verify the effect of multi-step.
Abstract
China has realized a 56-fold increase in installed wind capacity, from 5.9 GW in 2007 to 328 GW in 2021. In addition to increasing installed capacity, plans to substantially increase wind ...energy production for climate change mitigation also depend on future wind speeds, which strongly influences the efficiencies of installed turbines within individual wind farms. A reversal in globally decreasing wind speeds over several decades has been reported previously. However, subsequent studies using other data sources reported only a slight increase or no reversal in China. These uncertainties regarding China’s wind energy production hamper estimates of wind energy production potential. Here, our analysis of quality-controlled wind speed measurements from
in-situ
stations shows that the wind speed decline in China reversed significantly since 2012 (
P
< 0.001), but with substantial spatio-temporal variability. We further estimated the capacity factor (CF) growth and the wind power gain solely associated with the changes in wind speed ranges from 31.6 to 56.5 TWh yr
−1
based on the 2019 installed capacity. This estimate explains 22.0%–39.3% of the rapid increase in wind generation CF in China during 2012–2019. The result implies that the site selection of wind farms should consider both current wind situation and future wind speed trends. Further studies are needed to understand the driving factor of wind speed recovery in support of the wind energy industry.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, 18- to 23-nt RNA molecules that function as regulators of gene expression. Previous studies have shown that microRNAs play important roles in human cancers, ...including gliomas. Here, we found that expression levels of miR-181b were decreased in gliomas, and we identified IGF-1R as a novel direct target of miR-181b. MiR-181b overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis by targeting IGF-1R and its downstream signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2. Overexpression of IGF-1R rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-181b. In clinical specimens, IGF-1R was overexpressed, and its protein levels were inversely correlated with miR-181b expression. Taken together, our results indicate that miR-181b functions in gliomas to suppress growth by targeting the IGF-1R oncogene and that miR-181b may serve as a novel therapeutic target for gliomas.
This paper presents an urban water supply network system based on GIS technology. The system will adopt three-tier/N-tier architecture as the application logic structure. Thy system can be divided ...into six subsystems: the analysis subsystem, the aided design subsystem, the installation and maintenance management subsystem and the customer service subsystem serve data management subsystem. The data management of the system will adopt SuperMap. We present the details of the data management, such as basic data collection, structure framework of the basic geographic information bank, the process to construct GIS basic information bank of water supply network, data conversion and input into banks, data vectorization and input into banks, etc. Then the system database is designed in detail. We adopt object oriented analysis and design methods, and utilize Class Diagram of UML to represent the entity tables and their relations against the core data of the network system, that is spatial dictionary database and spatial database. According to Class Diagram, it can be directly mapped as the database structure and an example is given. Finally, the successful application of the system in Yiyang city of China is beneficial for water supply enterprises to utilize the existing water resource in time, rationally and effectively.
Abstract Galactosylated and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled polycaprolactone-g-dextran (Gal-PCL-g-Dex-FITC) polymers were synthesized. The grafted polymers can self-assemble into stable ...micelles in aqueous medium and in serum. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the self-assembled micelles were regularly spherical in shape. Micelle size determined by size analysis was around 120 nm. The anti-inflammation drug prednisone acetate as a model drug was loaded in the polymeric micelles, and the in vitro drug release was investigated. The galactosylated micelles could be selectively recognized by HepG2 cells and subsequently accumulate in HepG2 cells. The in vivo study demonstrated the relative uptake of the micelles by liver is much higher than the other tissues, indicating that the galactosylated micelles have great potential as a liver targeting drug carrier.
•Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of R170 were studied experimentally.•The effects of vapor quality, mass flux and saturation pressure were investigated.•Predictive models were evaluated ...for condensation heat transfer and pressure drop.•Experimental data are in good agreement with Koyama and Yan-Lin correlations.
Condensation heat transfer and pressure drop of R170 were studied experimentally in a horizontal tube with inner diameter of 4 mm. The tests were conducted at saturation pressures from 1 MPa to 2.5 MPa, mass fluxes from 100 kg (m2∙s)−1 to 250 kg (m2∙s)−1 and average heat fluxes from 55.3 kW m−2 to 96.3 kW m−2 over the entire vapor quality range. The effects of vapor quality, mass flux and saturation pressure on condensation heat transfer and pressure drop were examined and analyzed. The experimental data were compared with various well-known correlations of condensation heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. The comparison results showed that Koyama et al. correlation agreed with the experimental heat transfer coefficient with a mean absolute relative deviation less than 25%, and the Yan and Lin correlation can accurately predict the experimental pressure drop with a mean absolute relative deviation less than 18%.
Abstract Amyloid β protein (Aβ) is considered to be partly responsible for the impairment of learning and memory in Alzheimer disease (AD). In addition, it has been found recently that type 2 ...diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for developing AD. One promising treatment for AD is using analogues for the insulin-release facilitating gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that has been developed as a T2DM therapy. GLP-1 has been shown to have neuroprotective properties. However, if GLP-1 can protect the late phase-long term potentiation (L-LTP) and related cognitive function against Aβ-induced impairment it is still an open question. To further characterize the neuroprotective function of GLP-1 in the brain, we investigated the effects of i.c.v. injected Val8 -GLP-1(7–36) on the Aβ fragment-induced impairment of in vivo hippocampal L-LTP and spatial learning and memory in rats. The results showed that (1) Aβ1–40 (5 nmol) injection did not affect the baseline field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs), but significantly suppressed multiple high frequency stimulation (HFS)-induced L-LTP in hippocampal CA1 region; (2) Val8 -GLP-1(7–36) (0.05 pmol) administration alone did not affect the baseline synaptic transmission and the maintenance of L-LTP; (3) pretreatment with Val8 -GLP-1(7–36) (0.05 pmol) effectively prevented Aβ1–40-induced deficit of L-LTP; (4) i.c.v. injection of 5 nmol Aβ1–40 resulted in a significant decline learning a spatial Morris water maze (MWM) test; (5) Val8 -GLP-1(7–36) (0.05 pmol) administration alone did not affect spatial learning in this task, while pretreatment with Val8 -GLP-1(7–36) effectively reversed the impairment of spatial learning and memory induced by Aβ1–40. At the same time, the swim speeds and escape latencies of rats among all groups in the visible platform tests did not show any difference. These results suggest that increase of GLP-1 signalling in the brain may be a promising strategy to ameliorate the degenerative processes observed in AD.
Sensor censoring has been introduced for reduced communication rate in a decentralized detection system where decisions made at peripheral nodes need to be communicated to a fusion center. In this ...letter, the fusion of decisions from censoring sensors transmitted over wireless fading channels is investigated. The knowledge of fading channels, either in the form of instantaneous channel envelopes or the fading statistics, is integrated in the optimum and suboptimum fusion rule design. The sensor censoring and the ensuing fusion rule design have two major advantages compared with the previous work. 1) Communication overhead is dramatically reduced. 2) It allows incoherent detection, hence, the phase information of transmission channels is no longer required. As such, it is particularly suitable for wireless sensor network applications with severe resource constraints.
PDF
