We herein proposed a sample introduction technique based on solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD) of a portable design for inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and its ...application in sensitive determination of mercury. The products from SCGD containing mercury vapor, were transported by an Ar flow to ICP spectrometer for detection. A gas liquid separator (GLS) and a dryer were used to condense and remove most of the accompanying moisture, which greatly improved both the stability and sensitivity of the signal. The detection limit (DL) acquired by this developed method was 0.22 µg/L (194.1 nm), which was nearly 82 times lower than that obtained by pneumatic nebulization (PN). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.4% (n = 14) for a 50 µg/L standard. Blank solution (HNO3, pH 1) can effectively elute mercury residue. Its accuracy and practicality were also demonstrated by the determination of GBW10029 (fish) certified reference material, shrimp, crawfish, soil and human hair samples. The results showed good consistency with the certified values and the values obtained using inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry.
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As a traditional Japanese literary concept, the concept of “mono no aware” gradually forms an aesthetic consciousness deeply rooted in Japanese culture through the interpretation and enrichment of ...local literature, poetry, film and television. This aesthetic consciousness is a series of melancholic and melancholic emotions that the aesthetic subject experiences towards the aesthetic object, as well as a pessimistic feeling towards the fleeting moments of life and the impermanence of time. It resonates with emotions, and this emotional expression is introverted and implicit. Even though there are waves in the heart, the surface is only a frown, revealing a faint emotion. This article is based on the analysis of Makoto Shinkai's animated films, and explores the common aesthetic ideas and realistic meaning. the conclusion is as follows: Makoto Shinkai combines traditional aesthetic ideas with modern computer technology to form a more delicate and resonant new unconscious aesthetic. This aesthetic is presented layer by layer through a series of life oriented themed animated films such as “regret”, “love”, and “distance”. It can better touch people's inner softness, comprehend the true essence of life, and awaken people's hope and motivation for life.
Tetramethyl bisphenol A (TMBPA) is a commonly used bisphenol analog, used as a fire retardant. However, whether it inhibits the function of Leydig cells in late puberty remains unclear. In this ...study, 35-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with 0, 10, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight TMBPA for 21 days. TMBPA significantly reduced serum testosterone levels at 10 mg/kg and higher doses without altering serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. TMBPA significantly increased serum iron concentraion while reducing the ratio of serum glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG (oxidized glutathione disulfide). In addition, TMBPA significantly increased testicular iron amount at 10 mg/kg and higher doses and malondialdehyde level at 200 mg/kg. TMBPA down-regulated the expression of Leydig cell genes, including Nr5a1, Star, Scarb1, Insl3, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, and Hsd11b1, and their proteins. In addition, TMBPA markedly down-regulated the expression of genes in the ferroptosis pathway (Tp53, Slc7a11, Sod1, Sod2, Cat, Sqstm1, Keap1, and Hmox1). TMBPA significantly reduced the levels of ferroptosis pathway proteins (TP53, SLC7A11, GPX4, SQSTM1, KEAP1, NRF2, and HMOX1) in Leydig cells in vivo. Immature and adult Leydig cell culture in vitro also showed that TMBPA significantly reduced testosterone concentrations in the medium, which can be reversed by a ferroptosis inhibitor. After 24 h of culture in primary Leydig cells at 10 and 50 μM, TMBPA significantly induced reactive oxygen species and lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential. TMBPA also altered protein levels in the ferroptosis pathway in Leydig cells in vitro. In conclusion, TMBPA directly inhibits the activity of rat Leydig cell steroidogenic enzymes and induces the ferroptosis of Leydig cells, thereby inhibiting the testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells in the late puberty.
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TMBPA downregulates Leydig cell gene expression and proteins, leading to lower level of testosterone (T) resulting from its induction of ferroptosis by ROS generation via TP53-SLC7A11-GPX4 and SQSTM1-KEAP1-NRF2-HMOX1 pathway.
•TMBPA inhibits testosterone biosynthesis in the late puberty after in vivo exposure.•TMBPA induces ferroptosis via GPX4 pathway after in vivo exposure.•TMBPA induces ROS production both in vivo and in vitro.•TMBPA inhibits testosterone production in primary Leydig cells.•TMBPA induces ferroptosis in primary Leydig cells.
Adjusting motility patterns according to environmental cues is important for bacterial survival.
, a bacterium moving on surfaces by gliding and twitching mechanisms, modulates the reversal frequency ...of its front-back polarity in response to mechanical cues like substrate stiffness and cell-cell contact. In this study, we propose that
's gliding machinery senses environmental mechanical cues during force generation and modulates cell reversal accordingly. To examine our hypothesis, we expand an existing mathematical model for periodic polarity reversal in
, incorporating the experimental data on the intracellular dynamics of the gliding machinery and the interaction between the gliding machinery and a key polarity regulator. The model successfully reproduces the dependence of cell reversal frequency on substrate stiffness observed in
gliding. We further propose reversal control networks between the gliding and twitching motility machineries to explain the opposite reversal responses observed in wild type
cells that possess both motility mechanisms. These results provide testable predictions for future experimental investigations. In conclusion, our model suggests that the gliding machinery in
can function as a mechanosensor, which transduces mechanical cues into a cell reversal signal.
EDTA modified G
n-PAMAM-SBA-15 (
n
=
1, 2, 3 and 4) inorganic–organic hybrid materials were successfully prepared with the structures characterized by XRD, FT-IR spectra and CP-MAS
13CNMR. The ...adsorption characters of the G
n-PAMAM-SBA-15 and EDTA modified materials were studied. The G3- and G4-PAMAM-SBA-15 samples showed high selectivities for Cr
3+, Pb
2+ and Zn
2+ with the distribution coefficients
K
d values larger than 1.25
×
10
4. When the EDTA modified adsorbents were chosen, the
K
d for the Cu
2+ and Ni
2+ were increased. The metal loaded G
n-PAMAM-SBA-15 and EDTA modified samples may be regenerated.
Icaritin, a hydrolytic product of icaritin, is isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb epimedium. Icaritin inhibits the proliferation of several tumor cell lines, but its effect on acute ...myeloid leukemia (AML) and underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. In the present study, we demonstrated that icaritin inhibits the proliferation of human AML cell lines NB4, HL60, and U937, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Importantly, icaritin showed anti-leukemia activity on bone marrow mononuclear cells from 15 newly diagnosed AML patients. Flow cytometry analyses indicated that icaritin induces AML cells apoptosis. Icaritin induced activation of caspase-9, -3, -7 and the cleavage of PARP as measured by Western blotting. Icaritin downregulates p-ERK and p-AKT and inhibits the expression of c-myc. These results suggest that icaritin is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of AML. The underlying mechanisms of icaritin anti-AML activity are associated with inhibition of the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signals and downregulation of c-myc.
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by a specific chromosome translocation involving RARα and its fusion partners. For decades, the advent of all-
trans
retinoic acid (ATRA) ...synergized with arsenic trioxide (As
2
O
3
) has turned most APL from highly fatal to highly curable. TBLR1-RARα (TR) is the tenth fusion gene of APL identified in our previous study, with its oncogenic role in the pathogenesis of APL not wholly unraveled. In this study, we found the expression of TR in mouse hematopoietic progenitors induces blockade of differentiation with enhanced proliferative capacity in vitro. A novel murine transplantable leukemia model was then established by expressing TR fusion gene in lineage-negative bone marrow mononuclear cells. Characteristics of primary TR mice revealed a rapid onset of aggressive leukemia with bleeding diathesis, which recapitulates human APL more accurately than other models. Despite the in vitro sensitivity to ATRA-induced cell differentiation, neither ATRA monotherapy nor combination with As
2
O
3
confers survival benefit to TR mice, consistent with poor clinical outcome of APL patients with TR fusion gene. Based on histone deacetylation phenotypes implied by bioinformatic analysis, HDAC inhibitors demonstrated significant survival superiority in the survival of TR mice, yielding insights into clinical efficacy against rare types of APL.
Imaging the size distribution of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a tissue has important implications in terms of evaluating NP toxicity. Microscopy techniques used to image tissue NPs are limited by ...complicated sample preparation or poor resolution. In this study, we developed a laser ablation (LA) system coupled to single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) for quantitative imaging of gold (G)NPs in tissue samples. In this system, GNPs were ablated but did not disintegrate and integrate under optimised operation conditions, which were verified by characterising LA particles by scanning electron microscopy. The feasibility of imaging size distributions in tissue was validated using reference GNPs 60 and 80 nm in size on matrix-matched kidney. A transport efficiency of 6.07% was obtained by LA-SP-ICP-MS under optimal conditions. We used this system to image 80-nm GNPs in mouse liver and the size distribution thus obtained was in accordance with that determined by nebuliser SP-ICP-MS. The images revealed that 80-nm GNPs mainly accumulate in the liver and did not obviously aggregate. Our results demonstrate that LA-SP-ICP-MS is an effective tool for evaluating the size distribution of metal NPs in tissue.
In a chimera state, domains composed of synchronized oscillators coexist with ones composed of desynchronized oscillators. It is a common view that, in a chimera state, oscillators in coherent ...domains always share the same mean phase velocity. However, recent studies have suggested that oscillators in different coherent domains may have different mean phase velocities. In this work, we study a ring of nonlocally coupled Brusselators. We find a two-frequency chimera state with mixed phase regularities in which Brusselators in adjacent coherent domains oscillate at different velocities. Moreover, Brusselators in coherent domains with higher mean phase velocity are nearly in phase. In contrast, Brusselators in coherent domains with lower mean phase velocity are randomly partitioned into two groups in antiphase. We find that the local mean fields in these two types of coherent domains perform different dynamics. Based on local mean fields, we provide an explanation for the formation of this type of chimera state. Furthermore, the stability diagrams of the two-frequency chimera state with mixed phase regularities are investigated in different parameter planes
Objective Previous epidemiological studies have indicated an increased risk of neurovascular diseases in patients following total hip and knee replacements. However, definitive conclusions regarding ...the increased risk of stroke post-replacement remain elusive. Therefore, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the causal relationship between total hip and knee replacements and stroke. Methods We utilized summary data from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Data concerning total hip replacements (THR, N = 319,037) and total knee replacements (TKR, N = 252,041) were sourced from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis (GO) Consortium. Stroke-related data were obtained from the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, encompassing any stroke (AS), any ischemic stroke (AIS), large vessel ischemic stroke (LV-IS), cardioembolic ischemic stroke (CE-IS), and small vessel ischemic stroke (SV-IS). Our primary causal inference method was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach, supplemented by weighted median and MR-Egger regression as secondary inference methods. We utilized the MR-PRESSO global test for outlier detection, Cochran’s Q statistic to assess heterogeneity, and assessed the multiplicity and stability of our findings using p -values from MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger regressions, and the leave-one-out method, respectively. Results We identified significant genetic associations between THR and both AS (IVW p = 0.0001, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12) and AIS (IVW p = 0.0016, OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.12). Significant associations were also observed between TKR and AS (IVW p = 0.0002, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.04–1.12), as well as AIS (IVW p = 0.0005, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.06–1.24). Conclusion Our findings genetically support an increased risk of stroke following total hip and knee replacements. However, further studies are necessary to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying stroke episodes post-replacement.
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