DNA origami is a promising molecular delivery system for a variety of therapeutic applications including cancer therapy, given its capability to fabricate homogeneous nanostructures whose ...physicochemical properties (size, shape, surface chemistry) can be precisely tailored. However, the correlation between DNA-origami design and internalization efficiency in different cancer cell lines remains elusive. We investigated the cellular uptake of four DNA-origami nanostructures (DONs) with programmed sizes and shapes in multiple human cancer cell lines. The cellular uptake efficiency of DONs was influenced by size, shape, and cell line. Scavenger receptors were responsible for the internalization of DONs into cancer cells. We observed distinct stages of the internalization process of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-tagged rod-shape DON, using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. This study provides detailed understanding of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of DONs in cancer cells, and offers new insights for future optimization of DON-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
A broadband and lightweight microwave absorber has attracted soaring research interest because of the increasing demand for electronic reliability and defense security. Lightweight ferrites/graphene ...porous composites with abundant interfaces are potential high-performance absorbers owing to their balanced attenuation ability and impedance matching. Herein, we synthesized hierarchical CoFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide (CFO/rGO) nanocomposites with a porous structure via an in situ solvothermal method. The electromagnetic parameters of CFO/rGO nanocomposites can be well-adjusted by modulating the weight fraction of rGO. The hierarchical porous structure and proper electromagnetic parameters result in the enhancement of impedance matching and attenuation ability. Benefiting from the controllable composition, hierarchical porous structure, and strong synergetic effect between CFO and rGO sheets, as expected, CFO/rGO nanocomposites exhibit superior microwave absorption performance with an ultrabroad bandwidth reaching 5.8 GHz (8.3–14.1 GHz) with a thin thickness of 2.8 mm. Meanwhile, a strong reflection loss of −57.7 dB at the same thickness is achieved. Considering the outstanding microwave absorption performance, the hierarchical CFO/rGO porous nanocomposites can be employed as a high-performance microwave absorber.
The signal corresponding to English speech contains a lot of redundant information and environmental interference information, which will produce a lot of distortion in the process of English speech ...translation signal recognition. Based on this, a large number of studies focus on encoding and processing English speech, so as to achieve high-precision speech recognition. The traditional wavelet denoising algorithm plays an obvious role in the recognition of English speech translation signals, which mainly depends on the excellent local time-frequency domain characteristics of the wavelet signal algorithm, but the traditional wavelet signal algorithm is still difficult to select the recognition threshold, and the recognition accuracy is easy to be affected. Based on this, this paper will improve the traditional wavelet denoising algorithm, abandon the single-threshold judgment of the original traditional algorithm, innovatively adopt the combination of soft threshold and hard threshold, further solve the distortion problem of the denoising algorithm in the process of English speech translation signal recognition, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of English speech recognition, and further reduce the root mean square error of the signal. Good noise reduction effect is realized, and the accuracy of speech recognition is improved. In the experiment, the algorithm is compared with the traditional algorithm based on MATLAB simulation software. The simulation results are consistent with the actual theoretical results. At the same time, the algorithm proposed in this paper has obvious advantages in the recognition accuracy of English speech translation signals, which reflects the superiority and practical value of the algorithm.
Gas sensors have aroused much attention in recent years for the important effect in modern society. Graphene, with unique structure and characteristic properties, has been considered as a promising ...candidate for fabricating high-performance gas sensor. Great efforts in current research are directed towards exploiting various graphene-based gas sensors, but the core of gas sensing study is how to enhance the gas sensing performance. Herein, we propose a perspective that focuses on the strategies for sensing performance enhancement of graphene-based gas sensors. Several strategies are reviewed such as the modification of graphene with organic molecules, functionalization by metal oxide or noble metals, and nanostructural engineering. Particular emphasis is also provided to clarify the mechanism for the gas sensing enhancement. Further, the sensor device design is also concerned for the significant effect on reaching full potential of the gas sensing materials and realizing multifunctional integration. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for the development of gas sensors are pointed out.
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•The review focuses on the strategies for performance enhancement of graphene-based gas sensors.•Several strategies are proposed with sensing enhancement mechanism.•Device design is discussed for the future development of gas sensors.
Improving health literacy is an important public health goal in many countries. Although many studies have suggested that low health literacy has adverse effects on an individual's health outcomes, ...confounding factors are often not accounted. This paper examines the interplay between health literacy and chronic disease prevention.
A population-based sample of 8194 participants aged 15-69 years old in Ningbo were used from China's 2017 National Health Literacy Surveillance Data. We use multivariate regression analysis to disentangle the relationship between health literacy and chronic disease prevention.
We find the association between health literacy and the occurrence of the first chronic condition is attenuated after we adjust the results for age and education. This might arise because having one or more chronic conditions is associated with better knowledge about chronic diseases, thus improve their health literacy. More importantly, we find health literacy is associated with a reduction in the likelihood of having a comorbid condition. However, this protective effect is only found among urban residents, suggesting health literacy might be a key factor explaining the rural-urban disparity in health outcomes.
Our findings highlight the important role of health literacy in preventing comorbidities instead of preventing the first chronic condition. Moreover, family support could help improve health literacy and result in beneficial effects on health.
Loess–mudstone landslides are widely distributed in Northwest China. However, the deformation features and kinematic processes of these landslides are still not well understood. The Chenhecun ...landslide occurred on June 10, 2016, near Chenhe village, Dongxiang County, China. Based on detailed field surveys, Google Earth images, and borehole investigations, a geological profile of the landslide was constructed. Using the two-dimensional discrete element software MatDEM, this work analyses the deformation behaviours and kinetic characteristics of the landslide. In the dynamic analysis, the landslide failure process, velocity, displacement, heat generation, and energy conversion are taken into account. During the whole simulated landslide process, the sliding mass at the rear and bottom edges exhibits lower mobility than at the front and upper edges. The kinetic energy of the landslide dominates in the acceleration stage, and friction is the main source of energy dissipation during the entirety of the landslide movement. A band-like high-heat zone is formed near the sliding belt, and this zone expands forward with sliding. The gravitational potential energy is mainly converted into heat, kinetic energy, and elastic potential energy. In addition, the simulated geometry and accumulation characteristics from the MatDEM are in good agreement with the topographic features of the landslide. This work could provide an important reference for understanding the motion of similar geological hazards in the area.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific anticancer treatment modality for various cancers, particularly for recurrent cancers that no longer respond to conventional anticancer therapies. PDT ...has been under development for decades, but light-associated toxicity limits its clinical applications. To reduce the toxicity of PDT, we recently developed a targeted nanoparticle (NP) platform that combines a second-generation PDT drug, Pc 4, with a cancer targeting ligand, and iron oxide (IO) NPs. Carboxyl functionalized IO NPs were first conjugated with a fibronectin-mimetic peptide (Fmp), which binds integrin β1. Then the PDT drug Pc 4 was successfully encapsulated into the ligand-conjugated IO NPs to generate Fmp-IO-Pc 4. Our study indicated that both nontargeted IO-Pc 4 and targeted Fmp-IO-Pc 4 NPs accumulated in xenograft tumors with higher concentrations than nonformulated Pc 4. As expected, both IO-Pc 4 and Fmp-IO-Pc 4 reduced the size of HNSCC xenograft tumors more effectively than free Pc 4. Using a 10-fold lower dose of Pc 4 than that reported in the literature, the targeted Fmp-IO-Pc 4 NPs demonstrated significantly greater inhibition of tumor growth than nontargeted IO-Pc 4 NPs. These results suggest that the delivery of a PDT agent Pc 4 by IO NPs can enhance treatment efficacy and reduce PDT drug dose. The targeted IO-Pc 4 NPs have great potential to serve as both a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent and PDT drug in the clinic.
We show that an equity pairs trading strategy generates large and significant abnormal returns. We find that two components of the trading signal (i.e., short-term reversal and pairs momentum) have ...different dynamic and cross-sectional properties. The pairs momentum is largely explained by the one-month version of the industry momentum. Therefore, the pairs trading profits are largely explained by the short-term reversal and a version of the industry momentum.
The online appendix is available at
https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2825
.
This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
Oxidative stress is associated with many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, yet limited treatment is currently available clinically. The development of enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials ...(nanozymes) with good reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability and biocompatibility is a promising way for the treatment of ROS-related inflammation. Herein we report a simple and efficient one-step development of ultrasmall Cu
O nanoparticles (Cu
O USNPs) with multiple enzyme-mimicking and broad-spectrum ROS scavenging ability for the treatment of ROS-related diseases. Cu
O USNPs simultaneously possessing catalase-, superoxide dismutase-, and glutathione peroxidase-mimicking enzyme properties exhibit cytoprotective effects against ROS-mediated damage at extremely low dosage and significantly improve treatment outcomes in acute kidney injury, acute liver injury and wound healing. Meanwhile, the ultrasmall size of Cu
O USNPs enables rapid renal clearance of the nanomaterial, guaranteeing the biocompatibility. The protective effect and good biocompatibility of Cu
O USNPs will facilitate clinical treatment of ROS-related diseases and enable the development of next-generation nanozymes.
Constructing unique mesoporous 2D Si nanostructures to shorten the lithium‐ion diffusion pathway, facilitate interfacial charge transfer, and enlarge the electrode–electrolyte interface offers ...exciting opportunities in future high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries. However, simultaneous realization of 2D and mesoporous structures for Si material is quite difficult due to its non‐van der Waals structure. Here, the coexistence of both mesoporous and 2D ultrathin nanosheets in the Si anodes and considerably high surface area (381.6 m2 g−1) are successfully achieved by a scalable and cost‐efficient method. After being encapsulated with the homogeneous carbon layer, the Si/C nanocomposite anodes achieve outstanding reversible capacity, high cycle stability, and excellent rate capability. In particular, the reversible capacity reaches 1072.2 mA h g−1 at 4 A g−1 even after 500 cycles. The obvious enhancements can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the unique 2D mesoporous nanostructure and carbon capsulation. Furthermore, full‐cell evaluations indicate that the unique Si/C nanostructures have a great potential in the next‐generation lithium‐ion battery. These findings not only greatly improve the electrochemical performances of Si anode, but also shine some light on designing the unique nanomaterials for various energy devices.
Ultrathin mesoporous 2D Si nanosheets with enhanced electrochemical performance are successfully developed by a scalable and low‐cost method. After being encapsulated with the homogeneous carbon layer, the Si/C nanocomposite anodes achieve outstanding lithium‐storage properties with good rate capacity and remarkable cycling stability, which illustrates that the unique nanomaterial is a promising candidate material for the next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
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