Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat (1788-1832), the distinguished holder of the first chair of Chinese studies in France – as well as Europe – was a contemporary of the no less distinguished German philosopher ...Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). The advent of sinology, i.e. the new academic discipline represented by Abel-Rémusat, is an interesting fact if placed in the context of the professionalization of philosophy so eminently embodied by Hegel. In this perspective, the relations between these two great minds are even more eloquent with respect to the place given to China in the intellectual geography of 19th century Europe.
COVID-19 emerged at varying intervals in different regions of the United States in 2020. This report details the epidemiologic and genetic evolution of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ...(SARS-CoV-2) during the first year of the epidemic in the state of Nebraska using data collected from the Creighton Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI) health system. Statistical modelling identified age, gender, and previous history of diabetes and/or stroke as significant risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19 patients. In parallel, the viral genomes of over 1,000 samples were sequenced. The overall rate of viral variation in the population was 0.07 mutations/day. Genetically, the first 9 months of the outbreak, which include the initial outbreak, a small surge in August and a major outbreak in November 2020 were primarily characterized by B.1. lineage viruses. In early 2021, the United Kingdom variant (B.1.1.7 or alpha) quickly became the dominant variant. Notably, surveillance of non-consensus variants detected B.1.1.7 defining mutations months earlier in Fall 2020. This work provides insights into the regional variance and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the Nebraska region during the first year of the pandemic.
The glymphatic system is a highly polarized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport system that facilitates the clearance of neurotoxic molecules through a brain-wide network of perivascular pathways. ...Herein we have mapped the development of the glymphatic system in mice. Perivascular CSF transport first emerges in hippocampus in newborn mice, and a mature glymphatic system is established in the cortex at 2 weeks of age. Formation of astrocytic endfeet and polarized expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) consistently coincided with the appearance of perivascular CSF transport. Deficiency of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) function in the PDGF retention motif knockout mouse line Pdgfbret/ret suppressed the development of the glymphatic system, whose functions remained suppressed in adulthood compared with wild-type mice. These experiments map the natural development of the glymphatic system in mice and define a critical role of PDGF-B in the development of perivascular CSF transport.
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•The glymphatic system is first developed in the hippocampus•Insufficient PDGF-B signaling decreases AQP4 polarization to astrocyte vascular endfeet•Insufficient PDGF-B signaling impairs maturation of the glymphatic function
Munk et al. unravel the developmental profile of the glia-lymphatic (glymphatic) system. Glymphatic function arises in the hippocampus at postnatal day 1 in conjunction with the polarized expression of AQP4 at astrocyte endfeet. PDGF-B signaling is implicated in normal glymphatic function, and reduced signaling reduces AQP4 polarization and glymphatic influx.
This collection of articles is mainly the result of an international conference organised by the Chair of Chinese Intellectual History at the Collège de France in June 2017. Entitled “India-China: ...Intersecting Universalities”, it brought together scholars from Asia, America and Europe who have been interested in one aspect or other of the cultural interactions between India and China. The diversity of the topics testifies to the lively interest raised by the intersection of two heavyweights of area and cultural studies. What makes the relationship between “China” and “India” so remarkably interesting is that one can hardly imagine two civilisational worlds as radically different from each other, which yet managed somehow to come into contact and to interact. The aim of the present volume is to look at various aspects of the cultural exchanges between India and China at different points of history. It is to try and remedy a certain indifference and mutual ignorance in our day and age that we bring forward this collective venture with the hope of offering to our readers alternative approaches to the connections between these two “giants of Asia”, other than the merely geopolitical ones that fill our media today.
The vascular system is vital for all tissues and the interest in its visualization spans many fields. A number of different plant-derived lectins are used for detection of vasculature; however, ...studies performing direct comparison of the labeling efficacy of different lectins and techniques are lacking. In this study, we compared the labeling efficacy of three lectins:
isolectin B4 (IB4);
(WGA), and
(LEA). The LEA lectin was identified as being far superior to the IB4 and WGA lectins in histological labeling of blood vessels in brain sections. A similar signal-to-noise ratio was achieved with high concentrations of the WGA lectin injected during intracardial perfusion. Lectins were also suitable for labeling vasculature in other tissues, including spinal cord, dura mater, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver tissues. In uninjured tissues, the LEA lectin was as accurate as the Tie2-eGFP reporter mice and GLUT-1 immunohistochemistry for labeling the cerebral vasculature, validating its specificity and sensitivity. However, in pathological situations, e.g., in stroke, the sensitivity of the LEA lectin decreases dramatically, limiting its applicability in such studies. This work can be used for selecting the type of lectin and labeling method for various tissues.
This third volume of the “Myriades d’Asies” series is the result of an international conference which was held at the Collège de France in 2018, and published in book form by Hémisphères Editions in ...2021, the present digital edition being a revised and improved version of the printed edition. It intends to look afresh at the way ancient China progressively evolved into a ritualistic society, that is a world in which social interactions in times of peace were to be conceived of within the category of rites. If such a category remains difficult to define univocally, it has appeared to us that one possible approach was to study the canonization in the Han period of a compendium of texts which aim at regulating conducts, be it social behaviour, body language, speech, the relations between the living and the dead, as well as power relations and the agenda of human activities. We are talking more specifically about a cluster of three texts which soon came to acquire the status of “classics” and which are now known as the Ceremonial and Rites (Yili 儀禮), the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli 周禮), and the Book of Rites (Liji 禮記). The first objective of the volume is to examine the articulations between these texts and more precisely to inquire about the patterns of, and motivations for, the canonization of ritual in the first century of Han rule, about the rewriting effects, and about the incorporation of very heterogeneous texts in the establishment of the canon. This primary approach to “the world of ritual” is followed by a more specific study of the most composite text of the compendium, the Book of Rites. How did the ancient commentaries of this text contribute to model the interpretation of rites, and in what way did the classic never cease to be an open text, going through successive phases of deconstruction, desacralisation or reconstruction that allowed for the ritual order to be constantly recomposed as dynasties went by? And how did the text relate to ancient Chinese ritual practices revealed by archeological discoveries or by different sources? The final sections attempt to show, by contrast with other traditions and sociological approaches, how the canonization of ritual in China has shaped the sense of rites and the forms of social and political inquiry in ancient China, and how ritual still serves to underpin some modern thinking about the organization and management of men. Brought in the light of other conceptions elaborated in Asian or European societies, the ritual that has developed in China out of the Han canon thus appears to be an alternatively critical or ideological basis for a variety of discourses on the art of handling human affairs.
Enseignement Cours – Universalité, mondialité, cosmopolitisme (Chine, Japon, Inde ; suite et fin) L’année 2018-2019 s’est située dans le prolongement de nos travaux axés sur le rapport à l’autre ou ...aux autres de cette Chine du premier empire centralisé des Han, dont nous avons vu qu’elle se représente ou se projette volontiers dans les sources textuelles comme un espace fortement centré et hiérarchisé, comme une centralité qui rayonne ou irradie de la civilisation aux quatre orients sans qu’i...
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