In this study, we identified a defense-related major latex protein （MLP） from upland cotton （designated GhMLP28） and investigated its functional mechanism. GhMLP28 transcripts were ubiquitously ...present in cotton plants, with higher accumulation in the root. Expression of the GhMLP28 gene was induced by Verticillium dahliae inoculation and was responsive to defense signaling molecules, including ethylene, jas- monic acid, and salicylic acid. Knockdown of GhMLP28 expression by virus-induced gene silencing re- sulted in increased susceptibility of cotton plants to V. dahliae infection, while ectopic overexpression of GhMLP28 in tobacco improved the disease tolerance of the transgenic plants. Further analysis revealed that GhMLP28 interacted with cotton ethylene response factor 6 （GhERF6） and facilitated the binding of GhERF6 to GCC-box element. Transient expression assay demonstrated that GhMLP28 enhanced the tran- scription factor activity of GhERF6, which led to the augmented expression of some GCC-box genes. GhMLP28 proteins were located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm and their nuclear distribution was dependent on the presence of GhERF6. Collectively, these results demonstrate that GhMLP28 acts as a positive regulator of GhERF6, and synergetic actions of the two proteins may contribute substantially to protection against V. dahliae infection in cotton plants.
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in pregnant women may be a threat for both mothers and fetuses. This study was performed to explore the impact of maternal HBV carrier status on pregnancy ...outcomes.
We conducted a prospective cohort study at the Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Nantong University between January 1, 2012 and September 30, 2015. A consecutive sample of 21,004 pregnant women, 513 asymptomatic HBV carriers and 20,491 non-HBV controls, was included in this study. The main outcomes of interest were selected pregnancy outcomes including miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth (PTB), gestational diabetes (GDM), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), preterm premature rupture of the membrane (PPROM), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA) and Apgar scores. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes between asymptomatic HBV carriers and non-HBV controls were compared using the chi-square test and logistic regression. P values were two sided, and P <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
The incidences of stillbirth, PTB, GDM, ICP, PPROM, LBW, and SGA were similar between the HBV carrier and non-HBV groups. The proportion of miscarriage was significantly higher among the HBV carriers than the controls (9.36% vs 5.70%; P <0.001). After using multivariate modelling to adjust for possible socio-demographical variables and obstetric complications, women with HBV carrier status were still more likely to have miscarriage (adjusted OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.23-2.38). In addition, the incidences of other maternal and neonatal outcomes were similar between the two groups.
Maternal HBV carrier status may be an independent risk factor for miscarriage and careful surveillance is warranted.
•High collaborative efficiency for both organics and Cu2+ removal was achieved.•High anodic and cathodic efficiencies and high power densities were achieved under the optimal operation ...parameters.•The optimal operation parameters were determined by linear sweep voltammetry.
Organic matters and copper ions can be collaboratively removed from wastewater using a microbial fuel cell (MFC). High collaborative efficiencies for both organic matter and copper ions removal have not been achieved yet in previous studies. We demonstrate here that high collaborative efficiencies can be achieved by designing reactor construction and selecting operational parameters based on the results of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). When the MFC was constructed as 1:2 volume ratio of anode to cathode chamber and operated at optimal conditions, 83% COD removal and 87% copper ion removal were obtained at the same time. In addition, the Cu-MFC also performed a high coulombic efficiency (CE) of 89% for organic treatment, a cathodic efficiency of 80% for copper ion removal, and a maximum power density of 2.0W/m2.
The complete mitogenomes of the subgenus Mylabris (Pseudabris) Fairmaire, 1894, endemic to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, are reported for the first time. Three species out of seven, M. hingstoni Blair, ...1927, M. longiventris Blair, 1927, and M. przewalskyi (Dokhtouroff, 1887), were sequenced. The sequencing results of mitogenomes were annotated and analyzed. The gene arrangements were consistent with the putative ancestral insect mitogenomes as understood today, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs, and a noncoding internal control region (CR). The PCGs used the typical start ATN codon and TAA/TAG stop codons. The lengths of three mitogenomes were 15,692 bp, 15,685 bp, and 15,685 bp, with an A + T content of 71.29%, 71.67%, and 71.53%, respectively. The evolution rates of 13 PCGs were compared: The evolution rate of ATP8 was the highest, and that of COX1 was the lowest. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships among the genera and tribes of Meloidae were discussed.
Background
The repair and reconstruction of medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRTs) is an important issue in the field of orthopedic sports medicine. This study reports the first application of ...arthroscopic linear chain fixation for the treatment of MMPRTs.
Case presentation
A 78‐year‐old female patient presented with a 1.5‐month history of right knee pain accompanied by a locked facet joint. The patient underwent surgery with the new linear chain fixation method. In this method, the suture and the loop part of the buckle‐strap titanium plate were combined into a linear chain mechanical complex, and the tension of the posterior root stump was gradually increased by pulling on the two attachment lines at the external mouth of the tibial tunnel. The postoperative Lysholm score was 89, and the visual analogue scale score was 0.9, indicating a significant improvement in knee joint function. At the 7‐month and 1‐year post‐surgery follow‐up, physical and MRI examinations confirmed satisfactory healing of the MMPRTs.
Conclusion
This surgical approach offers several benefits, including a simplified instrumentation setup, preservation of natural anatomical structures, and reliable residual stump fixation. It has the potential for clinical implementation.
This graphical showed the treatment and observation for the repair surgery of medial meniscus posterior root injuries. And this case report of arthroscopic linear cyclic fixation proposed good feasibility and clinical efficacy. And It has the potential for being applied clinically.
A copper-catalyzed alkene-trifluoromethylation-triggered nitrile insertion/remote functionalization relay process has been achieved, in which “interrupted” remote 1,n-difunctionalizations of alkenes ...with nitrile insertion can deliver iminyl radical intermediates instead of C-based radicals, followed by subsequent 1,n-HAT to furnish corresponding remote functionalization. This relay protocol enables a straightforward approach to streamline the assembly of structurally diverse trifluoromethylated azaheterocycles.
Angiostrongyliasis is a highly dangerous infectious disease. Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae migrate to the mouse brain and cause symptoms, such as brain swelling and bleeding. Noncoding RNAs ...(ncRNAs) are novel targets for the control of parasitic infections. However, the role of these molecules in A. cantonensis infection has not been fully clarified.
In total, 32 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups, and the infection groups were inoculated with 40 A. cantonensis larvae by gavage. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and RNA library construction were performed on brain tissues from infected mice. Differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNAs in brain tissues was identified by high-throughput sequencing. The pathways and functions of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses. The functions of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were further characterized by lncRNA‒microRNA (miRNA) target interactions. The potential host lncRNAs involved in larval infection of the brain were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR).
The pathological results showed that the degree of brain tissue damage increased with the duration of infection. The transcriptome results showed that 859 lncRNAs and 1895 mRNAs were differentially expressed compared with those in the control group, and several lncRNAs were highly expressed in the middle-late stages of mouse infection. GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the differentially expressed target genes were enriched mainly in immune system processes and inflammatory response, among others, and several potential regulatory networks were constructed.
This study revealed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in the brains of mice after infection with A. cantonensis. The lncRNAs H19, F630028O10Rik, Lockd, AI662270, AU020206, and Mexis were shown to play important roles in the infection of mice with A. cantonensis infection.
Accumulating evidence indicates that plant MYB transcription factors participate in defense against pathogen attack, but their regulatory targets and related signaling processes remain largely ...unknown. Here, we identified a defense-related MYB gene (GhMYB108) from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and characterized its functional mechanism. Expression of GhMYB108 in cotton plants was induced by Verticillium dahliae infection and responded to the application of defense signaling molecules, including salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. Knockdown of GhMYB108 expression led to increased susceptibility of cotton plants to V. dahliae, while ecotopic overexpression of GhMYB108 in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred enhanced tolerance to the pathogen. Further analysis demonstrated that GhMYB108 interacted with the calmodulin-like protein GhCML11, and the two proteins form a positive feedback loop to enhance the transcription of GhCML11 in a calcium-dependent manner. Verticillium dahliae infection stimulated Ca2+ influx into the cytosol in cotton root cells, but this response was disrupted in both GhCML11-silenced plants and GhMYB108-silenced plants in which expression of several calcium signaling-related genes was down-regulated. Taken together, these results indicate that GhMYB108 acts as a positive regulator in defense against V. dahliae infection by interacting with GhCML11. Furthermore, the data also revealed the important roles and synergetic regulation of MYB transcription factor, Ca2+, and calmodulin in plant immune responses.
Cobalt nitrogen-doped carbon (Co-NC) catalysts are synthesized for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) via the pyrolysis of zinc-mediated and SiO2-templated 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) composites. The ...resulting Co-NC(Zn12-SiO220)-900 demonstrates exceptional ORR activities, with half-wave and onset potentials of 0.835 V and 0.875 V, respectively, which is similar to Pt/C catalyst. In long-term durability test, the Co-NC(Zn12-SiO220)-900 catalyst exhibits a negligible E1/2 shift, and in methanol tolerance tests, it displays significantly better performance than commercial Pt/C catalyst. The superior performance can be attributed to the hierarchical porous structure, dense and highly accessible Co-N4 and graphitic nitrogen (g-N) sites. The high content of Co-N4 and g-N sites enhances 3d-orbital filling and reduces the Co centers' on-site magnetic moment, as calculated by density functional theory. This may lead to a decrease in the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (RDS), which in turn enhances the intrinsic activity of the ORR.
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●Hierarchical porous Co-NC was prepared by Zn, SiO2 and DAP composite pyrolysis.●Dense and highly accessible Co-N4 active sites on Co-NC were achieved.●More Co-N4 sites can decrease the energy barrier of RDS and enhance the ORR.●Co-NC exhibited superior ORR activity and durability compared to Pt/C.
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