The carbon−carbon coupling at the Cu/Cu2O Schottky interface has been widely recognized as a promising approach for electrocatalytic CO2 conversion into value-added alcohols. However, the limited ...selectivity of C2+ alcohols persists due to the insufficient control over rectifying interface characteristics required for precise bonding of oxyhydrocarbons. Herein, we present an investigation into the manipulation of the coordination environment of Cu sites through an in-situ electrochemical reconstruction strategy, which indicates that the construction of low-coordinated Cu sites at the Cu/Cu2O interface facilitates the enhanced rectifying interfaces, and induces asymmetric electronic perturbation and faster electron exchange, thereby boosting C-C coupling and bonding oxyhydrocarbons towards the nucleophilic reaction process of *H2CCO-CO. Impressively, the low-coordinated Cu sites at the Cu/Cu2O interface exhibit superior faradic efficiency of 64.15 ± 1.92% and energy efficiency of ~39.32% for C2+ alcohols production, while maintaining stability for over 50 h (faradic efficiency >50%, total current density = 200 mA cm−2) in a flow-cell electrolyzer. Theoretical calculations, operando synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman experiments decipher that the low-coordinated Cu sites at the Cu/Cu2O interface can enhance the coverage of *CO and adsorption of *CH2CO and CH2CHO, facilitating the formation of C2+ alcohols.Converting CO2 into multicarbon products is highly desirable, but product selectivity needs improvement. Here the authors manipulate the coordination environment of Cu site through in-situ electrochemical reconstruction to enhance CO2 conversion to C2+ alcohol.
Nitrate can be electrochemically degraded to produce ammonia while treating sewage while it remains grand challenge to simultaneously realize high Faradaic efficiency and production rate over ...wide-range concentrations in real wastewater. Herein, we report the defect-rich Cu nanowire array electrode generated by in-situ electrochemical reduction, exhibiting superior performance in the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction benefitting from the triple synergistic modulation. Notably, the defect-rich Cu nanowire array electrode delivers current density ranging from 50 to 1100 mA cm
across wide nitrate concentrations (1-100 mM) with Faradaic efficiency over 90%. Operando Synchrotron radiation Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and theoretical calculations revealed that the defective Cu sites can simultaneously enhance nitrate adsorption, promote water dissociation and suppress hydrogen evolution. A two-electrode system integrating nitrate reduction reaction in industrial wastewater with glycerol oxidation reaction achieves current density of 550 mA cm
at -1.4 V with 99.9% ammonia selectivity and 99.9% nitrate conversion with 100 h stability, demonstrating outstanding practicability.
Tissue-engineered grafts may be useful in myocardial repair; however, previous scaffolds have been structurally incompatible with recapitulating cardiac anisotropy. Here, we use microfabrication ...techniques to create an accordion-like honeycomb microstructure in poly(glycerol sebacate), which yields porous, elastomeric three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with controllable stiffness and anisotropy. Accordion-like honeycomb scaffolds with cultured neonatal rat heart cells demonstrated utility through: (1) closely matched mechanical properties compared to native adult rat right ventricular myocardium, with stiffnesses controlled by polymer curing time; (2) heart cell contractility inducible by electric field stimulation with directionally dependent electrical excitation thresholds (p<0.05); and (3) greater heart cell alignment (p<0.0001) than isotropic control scaffolds. Prototype bilaminar scaffolds with 3D interconnected pore networks yielded electrically excitable grafts with multi-layered neonatal rat heart cells. Accordion-like honeycombs can thus overcome principal structural-mechanical limitations of previous scaffolds, promoting the formation of grafts with aligned heart cells and mechanical properties more closely resembling native myocardium.
A hybrid catalyst structure can provide abundant active sites and tailored electronic properties, but the major challenge lies in achieving delicate control over its composition and architecture to ...improve the catalytic activity toward different electrochemical reactions simultaneously. Herein, we present the rational design of a magic hybrid structure with low Pt loading (5.90 wt%), composed of CoPt3 and CoPt nanoparticles supported on N-doped carbon (CoPt3/CoPt⊂PLNC). Importantly, it shows superior multifunctional catalytic activity in alkaline conditions, requiring a low overpotential of 341 and 20 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 for the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR)/hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, and it delivers a half-wave potential of 0.847 V for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Theoretical calculations reveal that the metal–carbon hybrid modulates kinetic behavior and induces electron redistribution, achieving the energetic requirements for multiple electrocatalysis. We demonstrate sustainable H2 production utilizing solely the CoPt3/CoPt⊂PLNC catalyst, without external electric power input, suggesting its inspiring practical utility.
The featured nanohybrid structure displays highly efficient multifunctional electrocatalysis ability towards hydrazine electrolysis, oxygen reduction, and hydrogen evolution and fulfills the practical applications integrated with energy-saving H2 generation without external electricity input. Display omitted
•The delicate construction of a metal–carbon nanohybrid enhances electrocatalytic activity exceeding benchmark Pt/C.•Symbiotic CoPt and CoPt3 coupled with carbon enables excellent multifunctional electrocatalytic performance.•An integrated system for green H2 production without external electric power input is demonstrated.
Injection attack is the first of the top 10 security threats announced by the OWASP. Meanwhile, SQL injection is one of the most important types among the injection attacks. Because of its various ...types and fast variations, SQL injection can cause great harm to the network, resulting in data leakage and website paralysis. Due to the heterogeneity of attack load, the diversity of attack methods and the variety of attack modes, SQL injection detection is still a challenging problem. How to defense SQL injection attack effectively becomes the focus and frontier of web security nowadays. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive deep forest-based method to detect the complex SQL injection attacks. Firstly, the structure of deep forest is optimized in our paper, the input of each layer is concatenated by the raw feature vector and average of previous outputs. Experiments show that our proposed method effectively solves the problem that the original features of deep forests are degraded with the increasing number of layers. Then, we introduce an AdaBoost algorithm based deep forest model which utilizes error rate to update the weights of features on each layer. That is, in the process of training, different features are assigned with different weights based on their influence on the result. Our model can automatically adjust the structure of the tree model and deal with multi-dimensional fine-grained features to avoid over-fitting problem effectively. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a better performance than classical machine learning methods and deep learning methods.
Bismuth‐based electrocatalysts are promising candidates for electrochemical CO2 reduction to formate attributing to the accelerated formation of *OCHO intermediate, while the high‐energy consumption ...remains a major challenge for practicability. Herein, we present the ultrathin Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancy (Vo‐BOC‐NS) reconstructed from S, N‐co‐doped bismuth oxides that can act as durable electrocatalyst for CO2‐to‐formate conversion with faradic efficiency (FEformate) of >95%, partial current density of 286 mA cm−2 with energy efficiency of 73.8% at −0.62 V (vs. RHE) and low overpotential of 200 mV in a flow electrolyzer. The theoretical calculations decipher that the oxygen vacancy can optimize *OCOH adsorption/desorption for the accelerated conversion kinetics. The pair‐electrosynthesis tactic of formate co‐production can enable a superior FEformate of >90% at wide cell voltage of 2–3.3 V and total yield rate of 3742 μmol cm−2 h−1 at 3.3 V, suggesting great potential for future industrialization.
Cathodic Bi‐based electrocatalyst with abundant oxygen vacancy displays highly efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) activity toward producing formate coupling with anodic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), which provides an energy‐efficient and economic strategy for exclusively producing formate. The pair‐electrosynthesis tactic of formate co‐production can enable a superior FEformate of >90% at wide cell voltage of 2–3.3 V and total yield rate of 3742 μmol cm−2 h−1 at 3.3 V, suggesting great potential for future industrialization.
Summary Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response and can be separated into two major subsets: myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs. Acute ...tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is a common cause of injury to renal tubules and interstitium resulting from the interplay of tubular cells and inflammatory cells and their products. However, the involvement of DCs in ATIN is still unknown. In this study, the participation and localization of myeloid (CD1c) and plasmacytoid (CD303) DC subsets in the biopsies from patients with ATIN (n = 20), lupus nephritis (n = 17, positive control) or minimal change disease (MCD, n = 14, negative control) were investigated. DCs were identified morphologically within the tubulointerstitium in the renal biopsies by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) interacting with surrounding tubules and inflammatory cells. Direct immunofluorescence showed that both CD1c + DCs and CD303 + DCs exist in all the renal biopsies. As compared with MCD, biopsies with ATIN had significantly increased CD1c + DCs ( P < .001) and CD303 + DCs ( P < .001). The number of CD1c + DCs in ATIN were significantly higher than that in lupus nephritis ( P < .02), whereas the number of CD303 + DCs in ATIN was slightly but not significantly higher than that in lupus nephritis ( P = .2). DCs in the biopsies with ATIN were restricted to the tubulointerstitium forming dense networks, and most of them maintained immature state. All these findings suggest that DC subsets may be differentially involved in the pathogenesis of ATIN. Their potential role in intra-renal regulation of immune responses in ATIN is proposed.
A series of chitosan–gelatin composite films was prepared by varying the ratio of constituents. FT-IR and X-ray analysis showed good compatibility between these two biopolymers. Differential scanning ...calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the water take-up of chitosan film increased when blended with gelatin. Composite film exhibited a lower Young's modulus and a higher percentage of elongation-at-break compared with chitosan film, especially in wet state. All composite films were hydrophilic materials with water contact angles ranging from 55° to 65°. The results obtained from ELISA indicated the adsorption amount of fibronectin on composite films was much higher than on chitosan film. PC12 cells culture was used to evaluate the nerve cell affinity of materials. The cells cultured on the composite film with 60
wt% gelatin differentiated more rapidly and extended longer neurites than on chitosan film. The results suggest that the soft and elastic complex of chitosan and gelatin, which has better nerve cell affinity compared to chitosan, is a promising candidate biomaterial for nerve regeneration.
In order to realize higher speed and large flow network communication on the new manned spacecraft independently developed in China, it is necessary to apply Ethernet technology. Considering the cost ...and application prospect, it is planned to use industrial Ethernet control chip. So it is necessary to verify whether it can meet the special requirements of the space environment. According to the space environment of the manned spacecraft design orbit, and the sensitive characteristics of the Ethernet controller chip itself, it is necessary to focus on verifying its single-particle effect. This paper introduces in detail the single-event effect of the Ethernet controller in China for the first time. The Bi-ion and Kr ions of the HIRFL cyclotron are used to carry out the single-event effect on the KSZ8851-16MLLJ Ethernet MAC controller produced by MICREL. The evaluation test, including the single-particle test design, hardware platform, software functions and test data, finally gave the test conclusion.
Hollow nanocone arrays are fabricated by a low-cost and efficient colloidal lithography (CL) technique. The hollow nanocone arrays are then reversed to make only the tips contact the substrate. The ...optical properties of the obverse and inverse hollow nanocone arrays are determined by the surrounding environment, showing different reflection spectra and structure dependence. The inverse hollow nanocone arrays show a relative index sensitivity of 70% per RIU with strict linearity. The fluorescence of fluorophore or staining cells can be facilely enhanced by placing them on the tips of the hollow nanocone arrays, while having no quenching effect. The study of the obverse and inverse hollow nanocone arrays can benefit the understanding of the effect of the environment on the plasmonic resonances. The hollow nanocone arrays are promising to serve as high-performance plasmonic sensors and versatile substrates for surface-enhanced fluorescence imaging.
PDF
