ID1 and IGFBP3 in prostate cancer Research indicates that normal prostate epithelial cells display low or virtually non-existent ID1 expression levels, contrasting with the heightened levels observed ...in prostate cancer. ...the integration of ID1 into normal prostate epithelial cells might present a method for examining the early stages involved in the onset of prostate cancer. ...ID1 and IGFBP3 each have their own unique biological properties, and there are currently few research results on the relationship between them. ...exploring the mechanisms that underlie this specificity would be a compelling area for future research.
Reperfusion after an ischaemic insult might cause infarct extension. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes could attenuate myocardial remodelling in animal models of myocardial ischaemia ...reperfusion injury (MIRI), and the present study aimed to explore the related mechanisms.
In vitro, rat H9C2 cardiomyocytes (H9C2s) were exposed to H2O2. Cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay, apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining, ROS production was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and apoptosis-related proteins and signalling pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot analysis. Autophagic flux was measured using the tandem fluorescent mRFG-GFP-LC3 assay. MSC-derived exosomes were extracted using the total exosome isolation reagent. Apoptosis, myocardial infarction size, heart function and myocardial LC3B expression were examined in an in vivo I/R model by the TUNEL assay, TTC/Evan blue staining, echocardiography and immunohistochemicalstaining, respectively.
In vitro, H2O2 dose-dependently increased ROS production and cell apoptosis in H9C2s and blocked autophagic flux after 3 h of exposure; autophagy gradually decreased thereafter, and the lowest level was detected at 12 h after exposure. MSC-derived exosomes reduced H2O2-induced ROS production and cell apoptosis and enhanced autophagy at 12 h after exposure. In H9C2 cells exposed to H2O2 for 12 h, treatment with exosomes enhanced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR and Akt/mTOR pathways. Likewise, in vivo exosome injections in rats that underwent I/R injury significantly reduced apoptosis and the myocardial infarct size and upregulated myocardial LC3B expression as well as improved heart function.
Our results indicate that MSC-derived exosomes could reduce MIRI by inducing cardiomyocyte autophagy via AMPK/mTOR and Akt/mTOR pathways.
The quark model was formulated in 1964 to classify mesons as bound states made of a quark–antiquark pair, and baryons as bound states made of three quarks. For a long time all known mesons and ...baryons could be classified within this scheme. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), however, in principle also allows the existence of more complex structures, generically called exotic hadrons or simply exotics. These include four-quark hadrons (tetraquarks and hadronic molecules), five-quark hadrons (pentaquarks) and states with active gluonic degrees of freedom (hybrids), and even states of pure glue (glueballs). Exotic hadrons have been systematically searched for in numerous experiments for many years. Remarkably, in the past fifteen years, many new hadrons that do not exhibit the expected properties of ordinary (not exotic) hadrons have been discovered in the quarkonium spectrum. These hadrons are collectively known as XYZ states. Some of them, like the charged states, are undoubtedly exotic. Parallel to the experimental progress, the last decades have also witnessed an enormous theoretical effort to reach a theoretical understanding of the XYZ states. Theoretical approaches include not only phenomenological extensions of the quark model to exotics, but also modern non-relativistic effective field theories and lattice QCD calculations. The present work aims at reviewing the rapid progress in the field of exotic XYZ hadrons over the past few years both in experiments and theory. It concludes with a summary on future prospects and challenges.
This study aims to improve post‐disaster preliminary damage assessment (PDA) using artificial intelligence (AI) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. In particular, a stacked convolutional ...neural network (CNN) architecture is introduced and trained on an in‐house visual dataset from Hurricane Dorian. To account for the ordinality of damage level classes, the cross‐entropy classification loss function is replaced with the square of earth mover's distance (EMD2) loss. The trained model achieves 65.6% building localization precision and 61% (90% considering ±1 class deviation from ground‐truth) classification accuracy. It also exhibits a positive accuracy–confidence correlation, which is valuable for model assessment in situations where ground‐truth information is not readily available. Finally, the outcome of damage assessment is compared with the literature by examining the relationship between building size and number of stories, and severity of induced disaster damage.
Background A case-control study was conducted to analyze the role of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis and viral encephalitis in children. ...Methods One hundred and twenty patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) treated in our hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were included as the observation group (AE group). 100 patients with viral encephalitis (VE group) were selected as the control group. The clinical data of all patients were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA)in cerebrospinal fluid of the two patients were measured by immune turbidimetry. Immunoglobulin M (IgM), and the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with AE was analyzed by receiver working curve (ROC). Results The level of IgG in the cerebrospinal fluid of the AE group was higher than that of the VE group, and the level of IgM was lower than that of the VE group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IgA levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). In terms of Magnetic Resonance (MR) features, the paraventricular, hippocampal, occipital and parietal lobes were more involved in AE patients, frontal and temporal lobes were more involved in VE patients, and paraventricular and occipital lobes were involved in MS. The proportion of bilateral extensive lesions in both groups was significantly higher than 50%. The proportions of patients in the AE group involving the lateral ventricle, insula, and parietal lobes were significantly higher than those in the VE group, and the proportions involving the basal ganglia, temporal lobes, and frontal lobes were significantly lower than those in the VE group, and the differences were statistically significant (All P < 0.05). The Area Under Curve (AUC) of IgG, IgA and IgM alone in the diagnosis of AE were 0.795(0.587-0.762), 0.602(0.502-0.631) and 0.627(0.534-0.708), respectively with the sensitivity values of 81.24% and 65.608, respectively and the specificity values of 65.08%, 57.54% and 75.01% respectively. The AUC of IgA + IgM in the diagnosis of AE was 0.733(0.617-0.849), and the sensitivity and specificity are 62.58% and 75.07% respectively. The AUC of IgA + IgG in the diagnosis of AE was 0.823(0.730-0.917), and the sensitivity and specificity were 81.24% and 67.54% respectively. The AUC of IgG + IgM in the diagnosis of AE was 0.886(0.814 ~ 0.958), and the sensitivity and specificity were 84.48% and 77.59% respectively. The AUC of IgA + IgM + IgG in the diagnosis of AE was 0.924 (0.868-0.981) with the sensitivity of 93.82%, and the specificity of 77.56%. Conclusion The level of immunoglobulin in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as an effective reference index for the diagnosis of AE. The combined detection of IgA, IgM and IgG can improve the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of AE. Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid, Immunoglobulin, Autoimmune encephalitis in children
This study aims to facilitate a more reliable automated postdisaster assessment of damaged buildings based on the use of multiple view imagery. Toward this, a Multi‐View Convolutional Neural Network ...(MV‐CNN) architecture is proposed, which combines the information from different views of a damaged building, resulting in 3‐D aggregation of the 2‐D damage features from each view. This spatial 3‐D context damage information will result in more accurate and reliable damage quantification in the affected buildings. For validation, the presented model is trained and tested on a real‐world visual data set of expert‐labeled buildings following Hurricane Harvey. The developed model demonstrates an accuracy of 65% in predicting the exact damage states of buildings, and around 81% considering ±1 class deviation from ground‐truth, based on a five‐level damage scale. Value of information (VOI) analysis reveals that the hybrid models, which consider at least one aerial and ground view, perform better.
Gyroid is a member of the triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) family. In this paper, the mechanical properties of Gyroid-structures are investigated both experimentally and computationally. 3D ...printing is used to fabricate polymeric Gyroid-structure specimens made of PA 2200 at different relative densities. In the finite element analysis, the Arruda-Boyce finite-deformation elasto-viscoplastic model is employed. To perform the finite element analysis, the properties of the 3D printed material are determined by a series of tension and compression tests. The finite element results of the Gyroid-structure agree very well with the experimental data. Also, the uniaxial modulus, compressive strength, and energy absorption of the Gyroid-structures are compared with those of the IWP-, Neovius-, and Primitive-structures from a previous study. The comparison shows that Gyroid-structures have relatively good mechanical properties and compete well with the other TPMS cellular structures.
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•The mechanical properties of the Gyroid-structure are studied experimentally and computationally.•The mechanical properties of Gyroid-structure are compared with those of other TPMS-structures.•An elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model accounting for large deformation is used to perform the finite element simulations.•Gyroid-structure has promising mechanical properties when compared to other cellular structures.
The Urological Association of Asia, consisting of 25 member associations and one affiliated member since its foundation in 1990, has planned to develop Asian guidelines for all urological fields. The ...field of stone diseases is the third of its guideline projects. Because of the different climates, and social, economic and ethnic environments, the clinical practice for urinary stone diseases widely varies among the Asian countries. The committee members of the Urological Association of Asia on the clinical guidelines for urinary stone disease carried out a surveillance study to better understand the diversity of the treatment strategy among different regions and subsequent systematic literature review through PubMed and MEDLINE database between 1966 and 2017. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for each management were decided according to the relevant strategy. Each clinical question and answer were thoroughly reviewed and discussed by all committee members and their colleagues, with suggestions from expert representatives of the American Urological Association and European Association of Urology. However, we focused on the pragmatic care of patients and our own evidence throughout Asia, which included recent surgical trends, such as miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery. This guideline covers all fields of stone diseases, from etiology to recurrence prevention. Here, we present a short summary of the first version of the guideline – consisting 43 clinical questions – and overview its key practical issues.
Accurate damage assessment is a critical step in post‐disaster risk assessment, mitigation, and recovery. Current practices performed by experts and reconnaissance teams in the form of field ...evaluation require considerable time and resources. Recent advances in remote sensing imagery, artificial intelligence (AI), and computer vision have enhanced automated and rapid disaster damage assessment. Recent literature has shown promising progress in AI‐assisted aerial damage assessment. However, accounting for the uncertainty in the outcome for improved quantification of confidence and enhanced model explainability for human decision‐makers remains one of the key challenges. Overlooking uncertainty can lead to erroneous decisions, especially in highly‐consequential tasks such as damage assessment. The aim of this study is to develop uncertainty‐aware deep learning models for the assessment of post‐disaster damage using aerial imaging. Within the framework of variational Bayesian inference, Monte Carlo dropout sampling technique is used to propagate epistemic uncertainty in model predictions. With this stochastic setting, the model produces damage prediction labels with softmax as random variables, which helps quantify confidence in the model outcome using appropriate measures of uncertainty. Two networks are implemented and trained separately on two different disaster damage datasets consisting of unmanned aerial vehicle building footage as well as satellite‐captured post‐disaster imagery. The first network attains 59.4% accuracy in building classification, and the second network gives an accuracy of 55.1%. Results from uncertainty analysis, model confidence quantification, and analyzing model attention zone can lead to more explainable and risk‐informed automated damage assessment outcomes using AI technology.
The various luminescent properties of carbon nanodots (CDs) reveal fascinating applications in several areas. Here, bright and multicolor chemiluminescence (CL) is realized from CDs, whose CL quantum ...yield can be optimized by adjusting the energy level alignment between the CDs and 1,2‐dioxetanedione intermediate generated from the reaction of peroxalate and hydrogen peroxide. A CL quantum yield of 9.32 × 10−3 Einsteins mol−1, maximal luminance of 3.28 cd m−2, and lifetime of 186.4 s are achieved in red CDs, all of which are the best values ever reported for CDs. As a proof‐of‐concept prototype, a high‐quality information encryption strategy is established via CD based CL imaging techniques by virtue of the high brightness and multicolor CL.
Bright and Multicolour Chemiluminescence (CL) based on carbon nanodots (CDs) are developed by chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence. The CD based CL systems exhibit quantum yields up to 9.32 × 10‐3 Einsteins mol‐1, luminance up to 3.28 cd m‐2 and lifetimes up to 186.4 s. Information encryption and multicolour anti‐counterfeiting with active luminescence are demonstrated by the CL system.
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