ObjectivesShift work is associated with adverse physical and psychological health outcomes. However, the independent health effects of night work and rotating shift on workers' sleep and mental ...health risks and the potential gender differences have not been fully evaluated.MethodsWe used data from a nationwide survey of representative employees of Taiwan in 2013, consisting of 16 440 employees. Participants reported their work shift patterns 1 week prior to the survey, which were classified into the four following shift types: fixed day, rotating day, fixed night and rotating night shifts. Also obtained were self-reported sleep duration, presence of insomnia, burnout and mental disorder assessed by the Brief Symptom Rating Scale.ResultsAmong all shift types, workers with fixed night shifts were found to have the shortest duration of sleep, highest level of burnout score, and highest prevalence of insomnia and minor mental disorders. Gender-stratified regression analyses with adjustment of age, education and psychosocial work conditions showed that both in male and female workers, fixed night shifts were associated with greater risks for short sleep duration (<7 hours per day) and insomnia. In female workers, fixed night shifts were also associated with increased risks for burnout and mental disorders, but after adjusting for insomnia, the associations between fixed night shifts and poor mental health were no longer significant.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggested that a fixed night shift was associated with greater risks for sleep and mental health problems, and the associations might be mediated by sleep disturbance.
Objectives
One aspect of work sustainability pertains to workers’ intention to remain in their current job until reaching retirement age. Various adverse working conditions are expected to diminish ...work sustainability among different social groups. This study aims to examine these associations across gender and age groups.
Methods
The study participants were 19,152 economically-active adults in a national survey conducted in Taiwan. Information concerning psychosocial working conditions were obtained through interviews, using the Job Content Questionnaire. Work sustainability was evaluated by one question that asked whether the participants felt they would be able to do their current job until the age of 60. The association between psychosocial work conditions and work sustainability was examined by logistic regression analysis. We further performed stratified analysis to explore age and gender-specific associations.
Results
We observed that 14.2% and 17.1% of male and female workers reported low work sustainability. Workers in the electronics industries and female workers in the healthcare and education sectors reported low work sustainability. Gender-specific analyses showed that low job control among men and shift work among women were significantly associated with low work sustainability. Age-specific analyses indicated that having poor health, shift work, and long working hours in younger workers, and having low job control in older workers were associated with low work sustainability.
Conclusion
To retain older workers in the labor market, policies should aim at the improvement of psychosocial work conditions, and gender- and age-specific issues should be taken into consideration.
Aims
This study aims to examine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic‐related work factors for adverse effects on the mental health and whether organisational strategies attenuate these ...effects.
Background
COVID‐19 pandemic has led to increased work burden and mental health risks for nurses.
Methods
A total of 1499 Taiwanese full‐time nurses completed a web‐based questionnaire between July and December 2020. Pandemic‐related work conditions, namely, increased working hours, caring for COVID‐19 patients, occupational stigma and redeployment, were assessed. Organisational strategies to combat pandemic‐related work stressors including compensation to workers and adequate protection equipment were surveyed. Outcome measures were intention to leave, burnout and depression assessed using validated questionnaires.
Results
Redeployment, increased working hours and occupational stigma were associated with adverse mental health and intention to leave in logistic regression analysis. Caring for COVID‐19 patients was negatively associated with depression. Adequate compensation for workers modified the association between redeployment and burnout.
Conclusions
Pandemic‐related work conditions were associated with adverse mental health and intention to leave. Organisational strategies attenuated the adverse impact of the pandemic.
Implications for Nursing Management
Efforts to decrease stigma and organisational strategies including compensation for workers and adequate protection equipment provision should be adopted to improve nurses' health during a pandemic.
Aims
To examine the associations between different workplace violence sources and health outcome in nurses.
Background
Workplace violence is a major threat to nurses’ physical and mental health. ...Other workers in the health sector, patients and visitors can cause workplace violence. To effectively prevent workplace violence‐related health problems, the differential impact of internal and external violence needs to be explored.
Designs
A cross‐sectional survey of 1,690 fully employed female nurses.
Methods
A self‐administered questionnaire was used to record the nurses’ experiences of workplace violence, including types (physical, psychological, verbal and sexual) and sources (internal and external) of violence. Data on psychosocial work conditions including work shift, psychological job demands, job control and workplace justice, were also collected. The nurses’ health condition was measured using the 5‐item Brief Symptom Rating Scale and Self‐Rated Health Scale and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the associations between workplace violence and health. The study was carried out in 2015–2016.
Results
Sixty percent of the internal workplace violence was psychological and verbal and adverse psychosocial work conditions were associated with workplace violence. After adjustment for demographic characteristics and psychosocial work conditions, internal workplace violence resulted in higher risks of poor self‐rated health and mental health than did external workplace violence, particularly in nurses who had experienced psychological and verbal violence.
Conclusion
Internal workplace violence in the form of psychological and verbal violence had a stronger effect on nurses’ health than did external workplace violence. Organization‐level measures should be implemented to prevent internal violence.
目的
研究不同工作场所暴力来源与护士健康状况之间的关系。
背景
工作场所暴力是护士身心健康的主要威胁。卫生部门的其他工作人员、病人和来访者可能会引起医闹。为有效预防相关健康问题,需要探讨内部和外部暴力的不同影响。
设计
详细调查1690名全职女性护士。
方法
采用自我取证的问卷记录护士的工作场所暴力经历,包括暴力类型(身体暴力、心理暴力、语言暴力和性暴力)和来源(内部和外部)。同时还收集了有关心理社会工作条件的数据,包括轮班、心理工作需求、工作控制和工作场所是否符合公正公平的原则。护士的健康状况使用五项简短症状评定量表和自我评定健康量表进行测量,并使用多变量逻辑回归方法分析工作场所暴力与健康之间的关系。研究在2015‐2016年进行。
结果
60%的内部工作场所暴力为心理暴力和语言暴力,不利的心理社会工作条件与工作场所暴力相关。
在调整人口特征和心理社会工作条件后,内部工作场所暴力比外部工作场所暴力导致自我评价健康和心理健康不良的风险更高,尤其是对于经历过心理和语言暴力的护士。
结论
以心理暴力和语言暴力为主要形式的内部工作场所暴力比外部环境暴力对护士健康的影响更大。应实施组织级措施来防止内部暴力。
Studies concerning the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with night work have shown inconsistent findings, due to imprecise working time data and cross-sectional design. We used register-based ...daily working time data to examine the risk of incident metabolic syndrome associated with night shift work.
Working time data collected between 2010 and 2018 of 5775 Taiwanese hospital workers were used to identify night shift workers and to calculate the number of night shifts. Metabolic syndrome was identified by annual occupational health examination results, which were linked to the working time data. Logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between night shift work and metabolic syndrome and the 5 components of metabolic syndrome.
Night shift work is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.78) and high waist circumference (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.78) compared to day work. Among night shift workers, increased number of night shifts was associated with high blood pressure (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.31).
Night shift work is associated with metabolic risk factors. Long-term effects of circadian rhythm disruption on metabolic disturbances needs to be further studied.
Aims
To validate the Chinese version Psychosocial Safety Climate scale (PSC‐12), and examine the associations between PSC, workplace violence and self‐rated health (SRH).
Background
Psychosocial ...safety climate moderates the negative effect of workplace violence on health. To address workplace violence experienced by nurses across the Asia‐Pacific region, it is important to develop and apply a Chinese language version of the tool.
Methods
We conducted a two‐part study. In the first part, the Chinese version PSC‐12 was developed and tested for its validity in 405 nurses. In the second part, a total of 1690 nurses from 73 hospitals filled a questionnaire concerning their work and health conditions. Multi‐level modelling was used to examine the association between PSC, workplace violence and SRH.
Results
A comparable validity and reliability of the Chinese version PSC‐12 with the original PSC was found. PSC scores were negatively associated with workplace violence. In the hierarchical linear model, participants from hospitals with the lowest PSC score had twofold risks of having poor SRH.
Conclusions
The Chinese version PSC‐12 is a valid tool. Hospital‐level PSC was associated with poor health status in female nurses.
Implications for Nursing Management
Psychosocial safety climate should be evaluated and promoted to prevent workplace violence in nurses.
Preeclampsia, a multifaceted condition during pregnancy characterized by hypertension and organ dysfunction, poses significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. This study aims to investigate ...the bidirectional causal relationship between peripheral immune cell phenotypes and preeclampsia using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.
Genetic data from two sizable cohorts were utilized: 3757 individuals from Sardinia, providing information on 731 immune traits, and 200 929 Finnish adult females, encompassing 6663 preeclampsia cases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms served as instrumental variables. The MR analyses employed the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method as the primary tool, supplemented by MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods to enhance reliability and address potential heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy.
Among the 731 immune cell phenotypes studied, 18 displayed a suggestive positive association (IVW p < .05) with heightened preeclampsia risk, while 20 exhibited a suggestive negative association linked to reduced risk. Following false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment, four immune phenotypes showed significant associations with decreased preeclampsia risk: CD27 on CD24+ CD27+ B cells (B-cell panel) (odds ratio OR = 0.927, P
= 0.061), CD33+ HLA DR+ CD14- absolute count (OR = 0.963, P
= 0.061), CD80 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (OR = 0.923, P
= 0.061); and CD80 on CD62L+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells (OR = 0.923, P
= 0.061). In the reverse-direction MR analysis, no significant causal effects of preeclampsia on immune cell phenotypes were observed.
This study provides quantifiable evidence linking specific immune cell phenotypes to the risk of developing preeclampsia. This novel understanding of the immunological aspects underlying preeclampsia's pathogenesis could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies centered on immune modulation.
Dietary modification plays a vital role in the treatment of non-alcoholic liver diseases. We investigated the effects of the consumption of a different amount of dehulled adlay, which has ...hypolipidaemic and anti-inflammatory properties, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We fed rats a high-fat-high-fructose liquid diet for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. The rats were divided into three groups fed the NAFLD diet only (NN) or a diet containing 44·9 or 89·8 g/l of dehulled adlay (NA and NB groups, respectively). After 8 weeks, the NA and NB groups had lower C-reactive protein levels and improvement in insulin resistance. In addition, the NB group had lower liver weight and hepatic TAG and cholesterol concentrations than did the NN group. Compared with the NN group, the high-dose NB group had improved steatosis, lower hepatic TNF-
, IL-1
and IL-6 levels and lower adipose leptin levels. Our results suggest that a diet containing dehulled adlay can ameliorate NAFLD progression by decreasing of insulin resistance, steatosis and inflammation.
Maintaining spatial orientation when carrying out goal-directed movements requires an animal to perform angular path integration. Such functionality has been recently demonstrated in the ellipsoid ...body (EB) of fruit flies, though the precise circuitry and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We analyze recently published cellular-level connectomic data and identify the unique characteristics of the EB circuitry, which features coupled symmetric and asymmetric rings. By constructing a spiking neural circuit model based on the connectome, we reveal that the symmetric ring initiates a feedback circuit that sustains persistent neural activity to encode information regarding spatial orientation, while the asymmetric rings are capable of integrating the angular path when the body rotates in the dark. The present model reproduces several key features of EB activity and makes experimentally testable predictions, providing new insight into how spatial orientation is maintained and tracked at the cellular level.Ellipsoid body (EB) neurons in the fruit fly represent the animal heading through a bump-like activity dynamics. Here the authors report a connectome-driven spiking neural circuit model of the EB and the protocerebral bridge (PB) that can maintain and update an activity bump related to the spatial orientation.
To investigate the occurrence of depressive disorders spanning the transition to retirement, and explore the relationship between retirement age and depressive disorders.
We utilized a national ...population-based health insurance database encompassing 2 million Taiwanese individuals from 2000 to 2019. The study focused on individuals aged 50 years and older who were employed at the baseline, and 84,224 individuals had records of retirement during the follow-up period. Depressive disorders were identified using codes from the International Classification of Diseases. To assess the trend in the incidence of depressive disorders 7-year period before and after retirement, an interrupted time series analysis was performed. Cox-proportional hazard models were employed to investigate the association between retirement age and the occurrence of depressive disorders following retirement.
The incidence of depression peaks at the time of retirement and shows a significant decrease after retirement. Incidence of depressive disorders was 6.4 and 7.6 per 1000 person-years among individuals who retired between the ages of 60-64 and 65-69. Comparing the two groups, those who retired between 65 and 69 exhibits a higher risk of developing depressive disorders (hazard ratio = 1.10, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.18). This association is particularly pronounced among women and individuals residing in areas with low urbanization levels.
Retirement marks a crucial life milestone accompanied by a peak in depressive disorders. It is important to address the higher risk of depression associated with late retirement among socially disadvantaged groups.
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