Late‐onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease commonly occurs after discontinuation of antiviral prophylaxis. We determined the utility of testing CD8+ T‐cell response against CMV as a predictor of ...late‐onset CMV disease after a standard course of antiviral prophylaxis. Transplant patients at high‐risk for CMV disease were enrolled. CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) was tested using the QuantiFERON‐CMV assay at baseline, 1, 2 and 3 months posttransplant by measurement of interferon‐γ response to whole blood stimulation with a 21‐peptide pool. The primary outcome was the ability of CMI testing to predict CMV disease in the first 6 months posttransplant. There were 108 evaluable patients (D+/R+ n = 39; D‐/R+ n = 34; D+/R‐ n = 35) of whom 18 (16.7%) developed symptomatic CMV disease. At the end of prophylaxis, CMI was detectable in 38/108 (35.2%) patients (cutoff 0.1 IU/mL interferon‐γ). CMV disease occurred in 2/38 (5.3%) patients with a detectable interferon‐γ response versus 16/70 (22.9%) patients with a negative response; p = 0.038. In the subgroup of D+/R‐ patients, CMV disease occurred in 1/10 (10.0%) patients with a detectable interferon‐γ response (cutoff 0.1 IU/mL) versus 10/25 (40.0%) patients with a negative CMI, p = 0.12. Monitoring of CMI may be useful for predicting late‐onset CMV disease.
The measurement of CMV‐specific cell mediated immunity may be useful for predicting CMV disease occurring after prophylaxis. See editorial by Danziger‐Isakov and Heeger on page 987.
The mathematical model of hot-rolled coil rolling at the Steckel mill (Ferriera Valsider SpA) has been thoroughly investigated in the paper. There has been made a verification of the developed model ...to use it for the rolling technology design. The influence of the stand stiffness has also been taken into account. When simulating rolling temperature conditions, an average error was within the range from 8.27 to 9.11% at the mill 3170 and from 0.003% to-0.92% at the mill 1780. When simulating rolling force, an average error was within the range from 0.5% to 5.7% at the mill 3170 and from-4.89 to 6.59% at the mill 1780. The equation has been obtained, and the comparison of calculated stands stiffness has been made at the mill 3170 and 1780.There has been determined influence on the actual measurement of the pre-treatment temperature for the feed processing by descaler, which results in significant errors compared to the calculation results.
A method for preparing 1-tosyl-3
H
-naphtho1,2,3-
de
quinoline-2,7-diones by the reaction of
N
-(9,10-anthraquinon-1-yl)chloroacetamide with sodium
p
-toluenesulfinate has been developed. ...Nucleophilic substitution of the tosyl group by nitrogen and oxygen nucleophiles has been found to proceed under mild conditions. The corresponding 1-substituted 3
H
-naphtho1,2,3-
de
quinoline-2,7-diones have been obtained by the reaction of these compounds with amines, phenol, sodium hydroxide, and sodium azide.
The SiO
2
, Gd
2
O
3
–SiO
2
and Eu
2
O
3
–SiO
2
were synthesized by two ways: using the silicon oxide isolated from kaolin and using the silicon oxide obtained by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane. ...Agar-agar (polysaccharide) was added as a structure-forming agent and the freeze-drying was used for obtaining powders. DSC and TG up to 700°С revealed endothermic effects corresponding to the loss of free moisture, the decomposition of metal hydroxide and hydroxogroups (≡Si–OH) from the silica surface. The powders calcined at 700°С are X-ray amorphous. The morphology of the samples was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The hydrodynamic size of the particles synthesized from kaolin, determined using DLS method, exceeds the particle size established by TEM. The hydrodynamic size of the nanoparticles obtained from tetraethoxysilane is within the particle size determined by TEM. The agglomerates formed by particles synthesized from tetraethoxysilane are less strong than those obtained from kaolin. In the Eu
2
O
3
–SiO
2
system obtained using tetraethoxysilane, nanocrystallinity with a particle size of 8–40 nm was detected. The luminescence excitation spectra for the Eu
2
O
3
–SiO
2
samples synthesized by both ways differ in the ratio of the supersensitive
5
D
0
–
7
F
2
and magnetodipole
5
D
0
–
7
F
1
transition bands. For the Gd
2
O
3
–SiO
2
nanopowder obtained from tetraethoxysilane, an increase in the
5
D
0
–
7
F
2
intensity, as well as the appearance of a second
5
D
0
–
7
F
1
peak were observed.
The "wing nut" is a widespread transport and ship fixture designed to locking of hatches, covers and portholes. A more advanced closed die forging for the "wing nut" forgings of transport fittings ...was proposed with preforming by new method of bulk buckling of billet with upsetting ratio (height to diameter ratio) of 4.2...4.4. The billet and process calculation were performed based on results of researched and a new die forging was tested on a screw friction press. The results of experimental studies conducted on model lead billets at room temperature, and steel billets heated to 1180 °C, confirmed the increase in the accuracy rate of the billet material utilization ratio (one forging mass to one billet mass ratio) from 0.519 to 0.734 and metal savings up to 41% in comparison with the basic die forging without preforming of billet. It is shown that the introduction of a preforming by bulk buckling operation improves the forgings macrostructure (grainflow) even for cases the initial billets are buckled to folding defect formation, because with the further finishing die forging of semi-finished work-pieces the folding defect is displacing (or extruding) into flash. The improved die forging process and recommendations are accepted for implementation in the industry and the direction of reducing the cost of repair work for transport is noted.
In the article it was suggested to simulate the process of super-plastic deformation on optically transparent materials, created on diene and vinyl-aromatic carbohydrates, polar softener and ...achromatic stabilizer. It was shown that the index of rate hardening of such materials could change from 0.2 to 1.0 within the rate intervals of super-plastic deformation. The authors are convinced that prior to this article the alloy Sn-38%Pb was the best material for simulation of the processes of super-plastic deformation. Advantages and disadvantages of tin-lead alloy for simulation of super-plastic deformation were mentioned in the article. The article contains examples of chemical composition of new materials: the foundation (component content - 100 weight parts) - butadienesterene, isoprenesterene, butadiene-α- metylsterene; stabilizer (component content - 0.5 weight parts) - 2,6-ditretbutyl-4-metylphenol; polar softener (component content - 5-40 weight parts) - dibutylphtalate, dibutylsebacate. It was shown that introduction of polar softener reduces the effort of material flow. An unsufficient alternation of softeners content allowed modifying either behaviour of an alloy with different super-plastic structure or various temperature conditions of deforming.
The immunogenicity of influenza vaccine is suboptimal in lung transplant recipients. Use of a booster dose and vaccine delivery by the intradermal rather than intramuscular route may improve ...response. We prospectively evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of a 2‐dose boosting strategy of influenza vaccine. Sixty lung transplant recipients received a standard intramuscular injection of the 2006–2007 inactivated influenza vaccine, followed 4 weeks later by an intradermal booster of the same vaccine. Immunogenicity was assessed by measurement of geometric mean titer of antibodies after both the intramuscular injection and the intradermal booster. Vaccine response was defined as 4‐fold or higher increase of antibody titers to at least one vaccine antigen. Thirty‐eight out of 60 patients (63%) had a response after intramuscular vaccination. Geometric mean titers increased for all three vaccine antigens following the first dose (p < 0.001). However, no significant increases in titer were observed after the booster dose for all three antigens. Among nonresponders, 3/22 (13.6%) additional patients responded after the intradermal booster (p = 0.14). The use of basiliximab was associated with a positive response (p = 0.024). After a single standard dose of influenza vaccine, a booster dose given by intradermal injection did not significantly improve vaccine immunogenicity in lung transplant recipients.
In a cohort of 60 lung transplant recipients, a booster dose of seasonal influenza vaccine delivered intradermally does not significantly boost the immunogenicity of the standard intramuscular dose.
Forced ignition and subsequent combustion of large coal particles in a cold air and oxygen are investigated experimentally. The critical value of the initial temperature (ignition temperature) of a ...particle of charcoal and of anthracite is estimated. On preliminary heating of the particle above the ignition temperature, a quasi-stationary mode of combustion is attained after a certain interval of time. For a charcoal particle, depending on the initial density of the particle, either a substantial change in its density or its invariability in the process of combustion in a cold air flow is observed. A relation is suggested allowing one to estimate the critical temperatures of ignition in cold gaseous mixtures depending on oxygen concentration and particle diameter. The absence of ignition of a large anthracite particle in air at room temperature is attributed to the larger value of the activation energy there than in the charcoal particle.
The article presents the implementation of the results of supporting sectoral entrepreneurship in rural areas as a multifunctional and multi-channel process of formation, attraction, and use of ...financial resources provided by the rules of the institutional environment of state policy. A methodical approach to the integrated assessment of indicators of the target direction of the involved financial resources of the state and their impact on the development of sectoral entrepreneurship in rural areas is presented. It is proved that the specific criteria that determine the scenarios of consolidation of tax revenues to local rural budgets are minimization of discretion, compensation, and compromise, budget adequacy, complementarities, as well as the sequence of changes in parameters and flexibility of the tax system which allows responding quickly to changes in the institutional environment of state support of sectoral entrepreneurship. Indicators of state support for risk insurance of sectoral entrepreneurship, volumes of accumulated revenues of local budgets in decentralized rural areas of Ukraine are analyzed. A cognitive model is proposed. It determines the hypothetical ability of the multifactorial system of the institutional environment of state policy to influence the level of financial capacity of sectoral enterprises, taking into account the tax burden and targeted use of state financial resources for production, processing, and storage of agricultural products as well as to update the technological process.
The dependence of the diameter of a porous carbon particle on stationary temperature at various gas mixture pressures is analyzed. The cases of particle self-ignition in a heated nitrogen–oxygen ...mixture and forced ignition in a cold nitrogen–oxygen mixture that lead to quasi-stationary combustion, followed by spontaneous extinction, are considered. It is shown that the combustion temperature of small particles with a diameter
m, which are characterized by a transient regime of chemical reactions, increases with increasing pressure of the gas mixture. An analytical dependence qualitatively describing this dynamics is obtained. The greatest increase is observed in the pressure range 0.1–0.3 MPa. A similar analysis is performed for particles of various coals. The dependence of the critical oxygen concentrations corresponding to ignition and extinction on carbon particle diameter was obtained analytically taking into account the internal reaction. It is shown that increasing the mixture pressure leads to a decrease in the critical oxygen concentrations.
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