Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently identified as crucial oncogenic factors or tumour suppressors. In this study, we ...explored the effects of LINC00174 on the progression of HCC. Expression levels of LINC00174 and microRNA-320 (miR-320) in HCC tissue samples were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between pathological indices and LINC00174 was also analysed. Human HCC cell lines Hep3B and Huh7 were used as cell models. CCK-8 and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays were used to assess the effect of LINC00174 on HCC cell line proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to study the effect of LINC00174 on HCC apoptosis. Transwell assay was conducted to detect the effect of LINC00174 on migration and invasion. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were used to confirm the binding relationship between miR-320 and LINC00174. Additionally, western blot was used to detect the regulatory function of LINC00174 on oncogene S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10). We demonstrated that LINC00174 expression in HCC clinical samples was significantly increased and this was correlated with higher T stage. Its overexpression remarkably accelerated proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells while reduced apoptosis. Accordingly, knockdown of it suppressed the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. Overexpression of LINC00174 significantly reduced the expression of miR-320 by sponging it, in turn enhanced the expression of S100A10. In conclusion, LINC00174 is a sponge of tumour suppressor miR-320, enhances the expression of S100A10 indirectly and functions as an oncogenic lncRNA in HCC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: LINC00174 is a novel lncRNA, whose function is rarely investigated. It is reported that it is oncogenic in colorectal cancer, while its role in HCC remains unclear. Herein, we report that LINC00174 is significantly up-regulated in HCC tissues and promotes the malignant phenotypes. We demonstrate that LINC00174 functions as a sponge for miR-320, increases the expression level of oncogene S100A10 in HCC. This study helps clarify the mechanism of HCC tumorigenesis and progression, and uncover the role of LINC00174 in human disease.
In this paper, we proposed an underwater visible light communication system utilizing QAM-DMT and Multi-PIN reception to do the MRC receiving. The transmitter is a 600μm×600μm green-emitting silicon ...substrate LED which has a peak emission wavelength of 521 nm. We study the effect of quiescent working point of the LED, the zero-padding number, the ISFA tap number and the ratio of two receivers on the BER performance of our VLC system. We notice that the ratio of two receivers can remarkably affect the performance of our system. We also measured the BER performance versus the bandwidth of the signal in 32QAM, 64QAM and 128QAM modulation format and we find the highest data rate of our system can reach 2.175 Gb/s. As far as we know, it is the highest data rate in under pure water VLC system using commercial LED and a PIN receiver.
Hydrogen storage capacity has been investigated on a copper-based metal organic framework named HKUST-1 with fine structural analyses. The crystalline structure of HKUST-1 MOF has been confirmed from ...the powder X-ray diffraction and the average particle diameter has been found about 15–20 μm identified by FE-SEM. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms show that HKUST-1 MOF has approximately type-I isotherm with a BET specific surface area of 1055 m2g−1. Hydrogen adsorption study shows that this material can store 0.47 wt.% of H2 at 303 K and 35 bar. The existence of Cu (II) in crystalline framework of HKUST-1 MOF has been confirmed by pre-edge XANES spectra. The sharp feature at 8985.8 eV in XANES spectra represents the dipole-allowed electron transition from 1s to 4pxy. In addition, EXAFS spectra indicate that HKUST-1 MOF structure has the Cu–O bond distance of 1.95 Å with a coordination number of 4.2.
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► The as-synthesized HKUST-1 MOF was highly pure with almost no impurity. ► Average diameter of HKUST-1 MOF particles was about 15–20 μm. ► Gravimetric H2 uptake of HKUST-1 was 1.95 wt.% carried out at 77 K and 1 bar. ► The Cu–O bond distance in HKUST-1 was 1.95 Å with a coordination number of 4.20. ► HKUST-1 MOF can be used in high temperature systems as it is stable up to 250 °C.
We experimentally demonstrate a high-speed 2 × 2 non-imaging multiple-input multiple-output nyquist single carrier visible light communication system. Two commercially available blue light emitting ...diodes with 3 dB electrical bandwidth of 10 MHz and two avalanche photo diodes with 3 dB electrical bandwidth of 100 MHz are used as transmitters and receivers, respectively. A frequency domain equalization method based on two pairs of time-multiplexed training symbols is proposed, which allows de-multiplexing and post-equalization simultaneously processing in one step. Frequency domain averaging and time-domain averaging are also implemented and analyzed in this paper. In this demonstration, the overall data rate is 500 Mb/s. The measured bit error rates for two receivers are both below the 7% pre-forward-error-correction threshold of 3.8 ×10 -3 after 40 cm free-air transmission.
In this paper, for the first time, we propose the use of a hybrid post equalizer in a high-order carrierless-amplitude-and-phase-modulation-based visible light communication (VLC) system. The hybrid ...equalizer consists of a linear equalizer, a Volterra-series-based nonlinear equalizer, and a decision-directed least mean squares equalizer to simultaneously mitigate the linear and nonlinear distortions of the VLC system. A commercially available red-blue-green-yellow light-emitting diode (RBGY LED) is utilized for four-wavelength multiplexing. By the hybrid equalizer, an aggregate data rate of 8 Gb/s is experimentally achieved over a 1-m indoor free-space transmission with the bit error rate (BER) below the 7% forward error correction (FEC) limit of 3.8 × 10 -3 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest data rate ever reported in high-speed VLC systems.
With the continuous growth of low-carbon economy and people’s increasing preference for low-carbon products, the building carbon emission reduction (CER) has been highly concerned by the government. ...Therefore, in this study, we establish a game model through differential game to analyze the impact of government policies on building’s CER. We get: (1) Compared with the carbon tax policy, the government policy combining carbon tax and cost subsidy is more conducive to reducing carbon emissions; (2) For the three government policies, when the cost subsidy rate is lower than a fixed value, the government policy combining carbon tax and cost subsidy is the optimal strategy for building’s CER. When the cost subsidy rate is greater than a fixed value, the cost subsidy policy is the best strategy for building’s CER.
The western Arctic marginal seas undergo large seasonal variation, but are very challenging to observe directly due to sea ice and shallow depths. Deployments of several saildrone uncrewed surface ...vehicles in the summers of 2018 and 2019 provided unique opportunities to validate the satellite‐derived near surface currents, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR), in the western Arctic marginal seas against in situ upper ocean current measurements. Overall, OSCAR current is biased low (by 5.3 cm/s) with significant noise. Higher vector correlation estimated by the cosine similarity and speed differences often occur where stronger currents (often topography‐steered) are observed. Such differences reveal that the data set resolvability depends on spatial and temporal resolutions, smoothing, and latitudes, suggesting that OSCAR is able to depict the major current systems but significantly underestimates their strength. Poorer vector correlation occurs at weaker current regimes (<10 cm/s), over the shallow Hanna Shoal, near fresher water due to ice melt and river discharge. The latter two water class regimes highlight the importance of salinity contribution to the buoyancy force which is neglected in the OSCAR formulation.
Plain Language Summary
It is challenging to make direct measurements in the western Arctic marginal seas, which undergo large seasonal swings, because of the sea ice and shallow depths. We validate the satellite‐derived surface current product, Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR), against observations from saildrone uncrewed surface vehicles in the western Arctic marginal seas cruising in summers of 2018 and 2019. Overall, OSCAR current is biased low and noisy. Higher current direction relation and speed differences often occur where stronger currents are observed. Such differences suggest that the reliability of OSCAR depends on several factors. It also suggests that OSCAR is able to depict the major current systems but significantly underestimates their strength. Poorer current direction relation occurs at weaker current regimes, over the shallow Hanna Shoal, near fresher water due to ice melt and river discharge. The latter two regimes highlight the importance of salinity information, which however, is neglected in the OSCAR model.
Key Points
This study validates Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real‐time (OSCAR) satellite derived surface currents in the western Arctic, including the very shallow waters, by saildrones
High vector correlation but larger vector difference between OSCAR and saildrone currents often occur in strong topography guided currents
Low vector correlation occurs at weaker currents, over the shallow Hanna Shoal, and near fresher waters due to ice melt and river discharge
This paper reports the hyper‐Raman (HR) spectra of the 20 amino acids in aqueous solution in the range of 400–1,800 cm−1 with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. A remarkable common feature in the ...nonresonance HR spectra is the large intensity of the HR bands of the COO− group. Whereas the peak position is mostly identical between the HR and Raman spectra, the intensity pattern is not. We discuss the similarities and dissimilarities between the pattern of the two spectra of each amino acid and give possible assignments to each HR band by comparing them with those of the corresponding Raman band. This study offers a reference for the HR spectra of the amino acids as the basic building block of proteins. It helps interpret the HR spectra of proteins and peptides.
This paper reports the hyper‐Raman (HR) spectra of the 19 amino acids (20 except for Phe) with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. Similarities and dissimilarities with the Raman spectrum are described, and possible assignment is given for each HR band. The data set offers a reference to study the structures of proteins and peptides with the HR spectroscopy.
Metro network, as a medium distance transmission system, poses a special challenge of transmission capacity and cost. In this paper, we present a detailed comparison of applying three advanced ...modulation formats including pulse amplitude modulation-4 (PAM-4), carrierless amplitude and phase modulation-16 QAM (CAP-16), and discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S OFDM) with low-cost direct detection for 100-Gb/s/λ metro optical transmission systems. These modulation formats are all experimentally demonstrated with similar digital signal processing algorithms. Three kinds of chromatic dispersion (CD) compensation ways named CD precompensation method, single sideband (SSB), and dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) are also compared. Two types of modulators including an IQ modulator and a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator are employed to generate SSB or CD precompensated signals in this experiment and their transmission performance is also evaluated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the performance of single-wavelength 100-G signal transmission based on direct detection is evaluated over 480 km of standard single mode fiber with PAM-4, CAP-16, and DFT-S OFDM modulation formats.
Visible light communications (VLC) is an emerging field of optical communications that focuses on the part of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can see. Much existing work in optical ...communications exists, mainly optimized for capacity and transmission performance in fiber and free-space with biases toward spectrum that minimizes attenuation in the medium. However, the use of the visible spectrum has gained interest due to its availability and the ease at which it can be modulated using light emitting diodes (LEDs). Recent demand factors due to the burgeoning mobile industry and the rapid evolution of LED-based lighting are also driving this interest. Here, and in this special issue, we outline the context of VLC, its unique benefits, and describe the state of the art research contributions of the assembled papers.
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