LIDAL (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA system) is a compact detector designed to upgrade ALTEA (Anomalous Long Term Effects on Astronauts) silicon detector apparatus, in order to study in detail the ...low-Z part of ions spectrum inside the International Space Station (ISS) and to enhance the Particle Identification (PID) capability of the system.
The new detector is designed to trigger ALTEA and to perform Time-Of-Flight measurements. It is based on plastic scintillators for fast timing applications read by Photo-Multiplier-Tubes (PMTs). A custom Front End Electronics (FEE) has been designed to reach time resolutions less than 100 ps (σ) for protons.
A LIDAL prototype has been developed at the University of Rome Tor Vergata to test the timing performance of the scintillators, the PMTs and of the custom FEE using the proton beam line at the TIFPA (Trento Institute for Fundamentals Physics Applications) center in Trento, Italy. The results of these tests are reported and discussed. They have also been used for a preliminary evaluation of the Particle Identification (PID) capability of the final LIDAL-ALTEA detector system in response to the ions spectra expected on-board the ISS.
We present the prototype of an Electric Field Detector (EFD) for space applications, that has been developed in the framework of the Chinese-Italian collaboration on the CSES (China ...Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) forthcoming missions. In particular CSES-1 will be placed in orbit in the early 2018. The detector consists of spherical probes designed to be installed at the tips of four booms deployed from a 3-axes stabilized satellite. The instrument has been conceived for space-borne measurements of electromagnetic phenomena such as ionospheric waves, lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling and anthropogenic electromagnetic emissions. The detector allows to measure electric fields in a wide band of frequencies extending from quasi-DC up to about 4MHz, with a sensitivity of the order of 1μV/m in the ULF band. With these bandwidth and sensitivity, the described electric field detector represents a very performing and updated device for electric field measurements in space.
LIDAL–ALTEA is a detector designed to study the radiation flux and energy spectra in the International Space Station (ISS). Its mission is manifested by NASA in 2019. The ALTEA subsystem, which took ...data on the ISS in the past Zaconte et al. (2010), is based on Silicon Strip detectors and will measure the released energy of the traversing particles, while the LIDAL subdetector is based on fast plastic scintillators, read by PMTs, will measure the particle Time Of Flight. A custom Front End electronics has been designed to reach a time resolution better than 120ps. LIDAL is under construction while a prototype has been already tested with a proton beam. The measured time resolution fulfills the design expectation and is compatible with FLUKA simulations. The Monte Carlo results have also been validated by the comparison with a test measure where the ALTEA detector was exposed to proton beams.
The CSES satellite, developed by Chinese (CNSA) and Italian (ASI) space Agencies, will investigate iono-magnetospheric disturbances (induced by seismicity and electromagnetic emissions of ...tropospheric and anthropogenic origin); will monitor the temporal stability of the inner Van Allen radiation belts and will study the solar-terrestrial coupling by measuring fluxes of cosmic rays and solar energetic particles. In particular the mission aims at confirming the existences (claimed from several analyses) of a temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes and the observation in space of electromagnetic disturbances, plasma fluctiations and anomalous fluxes of high-energy particles precipitating from the inner Van Allen belt. CSES will be launched in the summer of 2017 with a multi-instruments payload able to measure: e.m. fields, charged particles, plasma, TEC, etc. The Italian LIMADOU collaboration will provide the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD), designed for detecting electrons (3–200MeV) and proton (30–300MeV)), and participates to develop the Electric Field Detector (EFD) conceived for measuring electric field from ∼DC up to 5MHz.
•On Summer 2017, the CSES satellite will be launched to study the near-Earth e.m., plasma & particles environment.•The scientific objectives are: litho-atmo-ionosphere coupling, seismic precursors, solar-terrestrial physics & cosmic rays.•For CSES, we have built a high-energy particle detector (HEPD) and an electric field detector (EFD).•The article introduces the scientific background, the objectives of CSES and the satellite layout.•We discuss the features of HEPD and EFD, the calibration procedures and the laboratory tests.
The liabilities of sureties Cipollone, Daniel P
The University of Western Ontario journal of legal studies,
07/2014, Letnik:
4, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper provides an overview of when a surety may be released from his or her obligations under a guarantee following a material variation to the principal lending contract. Part I frames the ...overall discussion by reviewing the role and importance of guarantees in contemporary commerce, outlining the central tenets of guarantee obligations, and distinguishing them as a subset of indemnities. Part II reviews how sureties have traditionally enjoyed a favoured status at law as well as what, in law, is considered to constitute a material variation. Part III introduces and sets out a longstanding rule governing the liability of sureties following a material variation to the principal contract. Part III examines the decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada in Manulife Bank of Canada v Conlin and the Ontario Court of Appeal in Bank of Montreal v Negin and illustrates how the courts, under similar factual circumstances, arrived at conflicting outcomes. Part III summarizes the jurisprudence in Ontario following these decisions to show that most decisions have distinguished the Supreme Court of Canada's judgment in Conlin on the grounds that later guarantees have not been prone to the same inconsistencies. This argument is bolstered by an in-depth review of the Ontario Court of Appeal's recent decision in Royal Bank of Canada v Samson Management & Solutions, wherein the Court distinguished that case from Conlin and held the surety liable under her guarantee.
Labour market for teachers Barbieri, Gianna; Cipollone, Piero; Sestito, Paolo
Giornale degli economisti e annali di economia,
11/2007, Letnik:
66, Številka:
3
Journal Article
This paper examines teachers' labour market in Italy. Quality and motivation of teachers are receiving large attention as crucial determinants of pupils' achievement. These characteristics are ...difficult to measure as testified by the lack of data. To overcome these difficulties we look at the composition of teachers' pool and to their behaviour in the market in a first attempt to infer some information about their quality and motivation. We show that Italian teachers have traits and behaviour that are consistent with an implicit contract in which relatively low wages are compensated by low involvement in the job and low effort exerted. Next we look at the institutional features that might have motivated this implicit contract. In particular we examine the mechanism that allocates teachers to schools. For each school we construct three indicators; one indicating the level of turnover that we interpret as source of turmoil with potentially negative implications for pupils' achievement; one that refers to the mismatch between tenured teachers and their school; the third indicator measures the quality of the school as evaluated by the whole population of tenured teachers and thus we name it "revealed preferences indicator". We show that the geographical and across school distribution of these three indicators resemble that of perceived quality of the schools. While we do not attempt to identify, in any econometric sense, the causal link of these indicators with students performance, we do measure the association at the school level of our indicators with pupils achievement as provided by PISA 2003. It appears that our indicators are strongly correlated to the school's performance, negatively to the turnover and to the mismatch indicator, positively to the revealed preferences expressed by the whole population of teachers. It seems that teachers know which are the best schools and gradually attempt to move there.
Economics and education in Italy Bratti, M; Checchi, D; Filippin, A ...
Giornale degli economisti e annali di economia,
11/2007, Letnik:
66, Številka:
3
Journal Article
In this paper, we propose a multisectoral model with which to investigate bottlenecks in the branches of Italian industry and their macroeconomic impact. We make use of linear programming techniques, ...input–output data, and highly disaggregated measures of capacity utilization. Focusing on intersectoral transactions as shock transmission mechanism, our model is meant to offer insights on the overall relevance and effect of sector-specific supply bottlenecks, which cannot be provided by aggregate models. According to our results, in the period 1980–1995, several industrial sectors, which produce mainly intermediate goods — such as electric power, ferrous, and nonferrous ores and metals, nonmetallic mineral products, paper and printing, and rubber and plastic — experienced binding supply constraints. We simulate the model and provide estimates of the impact on aggregate output and import growth, which turns out to have been quite significant.
In this paper we propose a new solution for the Routing, Wavelength and Time-Slot Assignment (RWTA) problem in a dynamic scenario. The novel aspect of this paper is that we consider nodes performing ...Time-slot Add-Drop directly in optical domain. The Add-Drop capabilities allow for a better network utilization in terms of blocking probability. In particular we define two heuristics, the Add-Drop static and the Add-Drop adaptive, able to exploit Add-Drop capabilities when a new connection request arrives. We compare our solution with the classical Super-Lightpath one, where Optical Time Division Multiplexing (OTDM) is not performed, proving that both the Add-Drop heuristics have always better performance.
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