The organizational disruption and high costs of employee turnover often causes employers to examine the organization’s candidate selection criteria. Researchers continue to evaluate antecedents to ...employee turnover and explore a variety of mechanisms for the prevention, or reduction of turnover. Even with prior research and identified predictors, organizations continue to struggle to retain employees. This study investigated the influence of personality and attitude characteristics on the outcome of turnover. Further evaluation examined the organizational effect of socialization in the form of onboarding on employee turnover. Hierarchal logistic regression was used to evaluate employee data obtained over a three-year period for 280 new hires in the real estate industry. The data was separated by job category and the analyses and results were presented by the respective groupings of maintenance or management. The regression output indicated support for two of the five hypotheses for the maintenance sample and one of five hypotheses for the management sample. The results showed strong support for the impact of onboarding on employee turnover. The outcome results are consistent with research indicating the value and need for socialization within organizations to minimize employee turnover.
Current biomaterials used to support the repair and regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues often utilize crosslinked and non-crosslinked collagen, the most prominent protein in the human body. ...Crosslinked materials can be advantageous due to their increased mechanical strength, slower degradability, and structure that more closely mimics that in human tissues. One major challenge in collagen-based biomaterials is a lack of healthy vascularization after implantation and its integration in the body. Macrophages are one of the primary cells involved in angiogenesis and in response to implanted biomaterials, which suggests that biomaterials can modulate macrophage behavior and may have potential to facilitate enhanced angiogenesis. Previous research has suggested that pro inflammatory M1 macrophages in crosslinked scaffolds initiate angiogenesis, however, the effect of crosslinking and macrophage behavior on vascularization is still poorly understood in vivo. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of chemical crosslinking and the release of pro inflammatory, M1-stimulating, interferon gamma (IFNg) on macrophage behavior and blood vessel infiltration into the scaffolds and within the scaffold cross-section edges in vivo. Following pilot studies to optimize methods for blood vessel measurements, the work for this thesis come from 2 studies, one of which is a repeat of the other (n=6 mice total, 3 mice for each study). One scaffold from each group (non-crosslinked collagen control scaffold, non-crosslinked collagen scaffold with adsorbed IFNg, crosslinked collagen scaffold, and crosslinked collagen scaffold with IFNg) was implanted subcutaneously into the dorsal region of 8-week-old, C57BL/6J male mice. After 14 days, the mice were perfused with anti-mCD31 via a tail-vein injection to visualize blood vessels, and then sacrificed. Scaffolds were then explanted from the mice and processed for cryo-sectioning and staining. Blood vessels within the scaffolds and within the scaffold cross-section edges from each group were manually counted from z-stack images and averaged per mouse. Measurements of the furthest distances that the blood vessels traveled into each scaffold cross-section were also acquired. One cross section from the Disc Center range and one cross-section from each of the Disc Edge ranges were randomly selected per group per mouse to analyze for both studies. Results from both studies showed that crosslinking changed the effects of IFNg compared to non-crosslinked scaffolds. IFNg decreased vascularization within non-crosslinked scaffolds and increased vascularization within crosslinked scaffolds. In scaffolds without IFNg, vascularization was increased in non-crosslinked scaffolds, but decreased in crosslinked scaffolds compared to scaffolds with IFNg. These results suggest that complex interactions between scaffold properties and immunomodulatory drugs affect macrophage behavior. These results also suggest that the immune response can be controlled to affect desired vascularization.
In 2022, COVID-19 has disrupted the academic experience of students, including students access to writing support. The importance of the support universities offer and that students are able to ...access has greatly increased as offerings and circumstances shift and change. Students seeking support may turn to university-sponsored services but if those do not fit student needs, students may rely on informal supports, including friends and family. While investigating the gaps in university-sponsored writing support first-year students experience, I explore how first-year students understand what writing support is, how available/accessible it is to them, and why students return to a form of support. This IRB-approved two-part study consists of a survey and student interviews. By gathering data on institutional gaps and student-generated alternatives, I demonstrate the need for more critical qualitative evaluation of supports and argue for the incorporation of student narratives into formal annual reports. I conclude with recommendations for writing center directors, first-year writing instructors, and university administrators to better support student writing practices.
"truncate" is a recessive mutation with incomplete penetrance affecting exclusively the posterior portion of the notochord. In homozygous d9.5-d10 embryos, the notochord fails to grow caudally and ...abruptly ends, usually in the sacral region. In the region lacking the notochord, no floorplate develops in the overlying neural tube, somites fuse across the midline, and sclerotome development is impaired. These abnormalities lead to malformations and/or agenesis of the vertebral column in the tail, the sacrum and/or the lumbar region of homozygous tc mutants. In the most severe cases, the hind legs are paralyzed and the floor plate and median ventral fissure of the spinal cord is absent. The anterior notochord remains fully intact and is not affected by this mutation. The specific defects in tc mutant embryos suggest that truncate is an essential gene required for normal notochord formation, specifically, in the caudal region of the body axis. Thus, the isolation and molecular characterization of the tc gene is likely to elucidate the mechanisms governing notochord development, truncate has previously been shown to map to Chromosome (Chr) 6 based on its linkage with wal, which is allelic with Tgf alpha and Mitf super(mi). However, Mitf super(mi) and wal were the only markers used to map tc. In this paper we present a detailed genetic linkage map around the tc locus as a first step towards the positional cloning of the tc gene.
Background
Impairment of coronary microvascular perfusion is common among patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention ...(PCI). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can identify microvascular obstruction (MO) following reperfusion of STEMI. We hypothesized that myocardial perfusion, as assessed by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Myocardial Perfusion Grade (TMPG), would be associated with a CMR metric of MO in this population.
Methods
Twenty-one STEMI patients who underwent successful primary PCI were evaluated. Contrast-enhanced CMR was performed within 7 days of presentation and repeated at three months. TIMI Flow Grade (TFG), corrected TIMI Frame Count (cTFC), TMPG, MO, infarct size, and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) were assessed.
Results
The median peak creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was 1,775 IU/l (interquartile range 838–3,321). TFG 3 was present following PCI in 19 (90%) patients. CMR evidence of MO was present in 52% following PCI. Abnormal post-PCI TMPG (0/1/2) was present in 48% of subjects and was associated with MO on CMR (90% MO with TMPG 0/1/2 vs. 18% MO with TMPG 3,
P
< 0.01). Abnormal post-PCI TMPG was also associated with a greater peak CK (median 3,623 IU/l vs. 838 IU/l,
P
< 0.001) and greater relative infarct size (17.3% vs. 5.2%,
P
< 0.01).
Conclusion
Among STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI, post-PCI TMPG correlates with CMR measures of MO and infarct size. The combined use of both metrics in a comprehensive assessment of microvascular integrity and infarct size following STEMI may aid in the evaluation of future therapeutic strategies.
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Resident-Fellow Survey measurement of compliance with duty hours uses remote retrospective resident report, the accuracy of which has not been ...studied. We investigated residents' remote recall of 16-hour call-shift compliance and workload characteristics at 1 institution.
We sent daily surveys to second- and third-year internal medicine residents immediately after call shifts from July 2011 to June 2012 to assess compliance with 16-hour shift length and workload characteristics. In June 2012, we sent a survey with identical items to assess residents' retrospective perceptions of their call-shift compliance and workload characteristics over the preceding year. We used linear models to compare on-call data to residents' retrospective data.
We received a survey response from residents after 497 of 648 call-shifts (77% response). The end-of-year perceptions survey was completed by 87 of 95 residents (92%). Compared with on-call data, the recollections of 5 (6%) residents were accurate; however, 48 (56%) underestimated and 33 (38%) overestimated compliance with the 16-hour shift length requirement. The average magnitude of under- and overestimation was 18% (95% confidence interval = 13-23). Using a greater than 10% absolute difference to define under- and overestimation, 39 (45%) respondents were found to be accurate, 27 (31%) underestimated compliance, and 20 (23%) overestimated compliance. Residents overestimated census size, long call admissions, and admissions after 5 pm.
Internal medicine residents' remote retrospective reporting of compliance with the 16-hour limit on continuous duty and workload characteristics was inaccurate compared with their immediate recall and included errors of underestimation and overestimation.
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by the evolutionary conserved Notch signalling pathway regulates cell fate decisions and patterning in various tissues in diverse organisms (
Artavanis-Tsakonas et ...al., 1995, Science 268, 225–232). Signalling between neighboring cells is transduced by binding of DSL and Notch proteins which interact as ligand (DSL) and receptor (Notch). Mouse Delta1 (delta-like 1;
Dll1) encodes one of the four known mammalian DSL proteins and is essential for normal somitogenesis and neuronal differentiation. Here, we describe Delta1 expression during organogenesis and fetal development using the highly sensitive histochemical detection of the
lacZ gene product expressed from a targeted Delta1:lacZ knock-in allele (
Dll1
lacZ
). We find that Delta1 is expressed in epithelial ducts of several organs, skeletal and smooth muscles, the central nervous system, as well as some sensory epithelia.
PDF
