The human UGT1 gene is a single copy gene consisting of four common exons and more than 13 variable exons which span more than 200 kb of the human genome. A single variable exon is spliced to the ...four common exons to form the mRNA for synthesis of a single UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoenzyme. Treatment of humans or hepatoma cell lines with drugs such as phenobarbital causes the induction of hepatic bilirubin UGT by increased transcription from the UGT1 gene. The upstream region of UGT1∗1 (bilirubin UGT) was sequenced and found to contain consensus sequences for several transcriptional regulatory elements including a ‘BARBIE box’. An unusual ‘TATA’ promoter sequence A(TA)
6TAA was also observed. The 5′ region flanking the UGT1∗1 exon when cloned into reporter constructs and transfected into four cell lines was capable of promoting reporter gene expression, but not when transfected into monkey kidney cell fibroblasts (COS-7 cells) indicating a cell specific expression. Sequential deletion of the 5′ flanking region in the plasmid constructs did not cause any significant reduction in reporter expression.
Treatment of cells transfected with these plasmid constructs with drugs did not cause a significant increase in reporter expression except with retinoic acid plus WY 14643.
Introduction of an additional two base pairs (TA) into the ‘TATA’ box of the 5′ gene sequence (as observed in Gilbert's patients) did not significantly change reporter expression levels.
The regulation of the biliruibin UGT gene by drugs is not yet understood and it will be important to identify additional genetic elements possibly further than −2 kb upstream of the UGT1∗1 coding region, which regulate the expression of this gene.
In 1975-76 the extra-mural bathhouse of Bothwellhaugh Roman fort near Motherwell, Lanarkshire, was completely excavated prior to flooding of the site. The bathhouse, which probably overlay a small ...native settlement, was in use during the Antonine phase of the Roman occupation of Scotland (AD 142-c. 165). The bathhouse consisted of a vestibule, a cold room (Frigidarium) and cold plunge bath, two warm rooms (the First and the Second Tepidarium), a hot room (Caldarium) with adjacent hot bath, and a furnace room (Praefurnium). Three main phases of use were detected. After the building ceased to function as a bathhouse, it was occupied by squatters who adapted parts of the structure to their own needs and left evidence of their presence in a large quantity of animal bone. Radiocarbon dates on this bone indicate activity in the 2nd or 3rd centuries ad.
Reviews of Books Rives, J. B.; Evans, John Karl; Collins, Roger ...
The International History Review,
12/1/2002, Letnik:
24, Številka:
4
Book Review
Recenzirano
SETH SCHWARTZ. Imperialism and Jewish Society, 200 BCE to 640 CE. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2001. Pp. xi,320. $39.50 (US). Reviewed by J. B. Rives
MICHAEL ADAS, ed., for the ...American Historical Association. Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001. Pp. x, 363. $24.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by John Karl Evans
PATRICKJ. GEARY. The Myth of Nations: The Medieval Origins of Europe. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 199. $24.95 (US). Reviewed by Roger Collins
PAUL STEPHENSON. Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900-1204. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xii, 352. $69.95 (US). Reviewed by Lenos Mavrommatis
DAVID LEVINE. At the Dawn of Modernity: Biology, Culture, and Material Life in Europe after the Year 1000. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001. Pp. vii, 431. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Richard C. Hoffmann
YVONNE FRIEDMAN. Encounter between Enemies: Captivity and Ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: Brill, 2002. Pp. xiii, 295. €110.00. Reviewed by James A. Brundage
JOS GOMMANS and JACQUES LEIDER, eds. The Maritime Frontier of Burma: Exploring Political, Cultural, and Commercial Interaction in the Indian Ocean World, 1200-1800. Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2002. Pp. xii, 248. €34.00, paper. Reviewed by Anthony Disney
MALCOLM VALE. The Princely Court: Medieval Courts and Culture in North-West Europe, 1270-1380. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 422. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Julian Gardner
PHILIP JACKS and WILLIAM CAFERRO. The Spinelli of Florence: Fortunes of a Renaissance Merchant Family. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001. Pp. xxi, 418. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by John H. Munro
MARK CHARLES FISSEL. English Warfare, 1511-1642. London and New York: Routledge,2001. Pp. xviii, 382. $25.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Charles Carlton
PAULA SUTTER FICHTNER. Emperor Maximilian II. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 344. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Charles Ingrao
BENJAMIN SCHMIDT. Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570-1670. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxix, 450. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Christine Kooi
GRAHAM DARBY, ed. The Origins and Development of the Dutch Revolt. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. xxi, 175. $15.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by M. J. Rodriguez-Salgado
KENNETH MORGAN. Slavery, Atlantic Trade, and the British Economy, 1660-1800.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. ix, 120. $39.95 (US), cloth; $11.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Joseph E. Inikori
DOUDOU DIÈNE, ed. From Chains to Bonds: The Slave Trade Revisited. New York: Berghahn, 2001; and Paris: UNESCO Publishing. Pp. xxvi, 470. $79.95 (US), cloth; $25.00 (US), paper. Reviewed by Stephen D. Behrendt
DAVID PARROTT. Richelieu's Army: War, Government, and Society in France, 1624- 1642. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xxiv, 599. $90.00 (US). Reviewed by Orest Ranum
IAN F. W. BECKETT. Modern Insurgencies and Counter-Insurgencies: Guerrillas and Their Opponents since 1750. London and New York: Routledge, 2001. Pp. ix, 268. $16.99 (US): paper. Reviewed by Bernard Norling
JEREMY BLACK. Western Warfare, 1775-1882. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 210. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by David Gates
DAVID M. PLETCHER. The Diplomacy of Involvement: American Economic Expansion across the Pacific, 1784-1900. Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 2001; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xi, 379. $74.25 (US). Reviewed by Edward P. Crapol
VIRGINIA MARTIN. Law and Custom in the Steppe: The Kazakhs of the Middle Horde and Russian Colonialism in the Nineteenth Century. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon Press, 2001. Pp. xvi, 244. £40.00. Reviewed by Willard Sunderland
GABRIELE CLEMENS, ed. Nation und Europa: Studien zum internationalen Staatensystem im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: Festschrift fur Peter Krüger zum 65 Geburtstag. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001. Pp. 350. €61.00. Reviewed by Brendan Simms
SABINE FREITAG and PETER WENDE, eds. British Envoys to Germany, 1816-1866: I: 1816-1829. New York: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Historical Society in Association with the German Historical Institute, London, 2001. Pp. xxi, 592. $64.95 (US). Reviewed by John Clarke
PARIMAL GHOSH. Brave Men of the Hills: Resistance and Rebellion in Burma, 1825- 1932. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000. Pp. 197. $35.00 (US). Reviewed by Sekhar Bandyopadhyay
J. H. WALKER. Power and Prowess: The Origins of Brooke Kingship in Sarawak.
Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & Unwin, 2002; dist. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pp. xx, 300. $36.00 (US). Reviewed by Nicholas Tarling
EILEEN P. SCULLY. Bargaining with the State from Afar: American Citizenship in Treaty Port China, 1844-1942. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Pp. x, 306. $19.50 (US), paper. Reviewed by James L. Hevia
PAUL LAITY. The British Peace Movement, 1870-1914. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 270. $65.00 (US). Reviewed by Peter Brock
LEO T. S. CHING. Becoming 'Japanese': Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2001. Pp. xii, 251. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Paul Barclay
LORA WILDENTHAL. German Women for Empire, 1884-1945. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001. Pp. xi,336. $19.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Woodruff D. Smith
WILLIAM F. NIMMO. Stars and Stripes across the Pacific: The United States, Japan, and the Asia/Pacific Region, 1895-1945. Westport: Praeger, 2001. Pp. x, 289. $65.95 (US); WARREN I. COHEN. The Asian American Century. Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 150. $22.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael Schaller
DAVID OMISSI and ANDREW S. THOMPSON, eds. The Impact of the South African War. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002. Pp. xvi, 313. $75.00 (US). Reviewed by Ian F. W. Beckett
WILLIAM B. MCALLISTER. Drug Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century: An International History. London and New York: Routledge, 2000. Pp. xvii, 344. $24.99 (US), paper. Reviewed by Anne L. Foster
STEVE STRIFFLER. In the Shadows of State and Capital: The United Fruit Company, Popular Struggle, and Agrarian Restructuring in Ecuador, 1900-1995. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2002. Pp. xi, 242. $18.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Paul J. Dosal
MARK R. PEATTIE. Sunburst: The Rise of Japanese Naval Air Power, 1909-1941.
Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2002. Pp. xxi, 364. $36.95 (US). Reviewed by Michael A. Barnhart
BEN NOVICK. Conceiving Revolution: Irish Nationalist Propaganda during the First World War. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001; dist. Pordand: ISBS. Pp. 272. $29.95 (US). Reviewed by David Harkness
JOHN HORNE and ALAN KRAMER. German Atrocities, 1914: A History of Denial.
New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2001. Pp. xv, 608. $40.00 (US). Reviewed by Holger H. Herwig
JOHN MILTON COOPER, Jr. Breaking the Heart of the World: Woodrow Wilson and the Fight for the League of Nations. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. ix, 454. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Lloyd E. Ambrosius
MARLENE J. MAYO, J. THOMAS RIMER, with H. ELEANOR KERKHAM, eds. War, Occupation, and Creativity: Japan and East Asia, 1920-1960. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001. Pp. xiii, 405. $29.95 (US), paper. Reviewed by Ralph Croizier
HAROLD JAMES. The End of Globalization: Lessons from the Great Depression.
Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 2001. Pp. vi, 260. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by James M. Boughton
PETER J ACKSON. France and the Nazi Menace: Intelligence and Policy Making, 1933- 1939. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. xii, 446. $139.50 (CDN). Reviewed by Joseph A. Maiolo
MICHAEL THAD ALLEN. The Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration Camps. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 2002; dist. Toronto: Scholarly Book Services. Pp. xii, 377. $65.95 (CDN). Reviewed by Geoffrey P. Megargee
GERD HORTEN. Radio Goes to War: The Cultural Politics of Propaganda during World War II. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2002. Pp. xiv, 218. $45.00 (US). Reviewed by Todd Bennett
GERWIN STROBL. The Germanic Isle: Nazi Perceptions of Britain. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. x, 274. $44.95 (US). Reviewed by Norman J. W. Goda
JOZO TOMASEVICH. War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1914-1945: Occupation and Collaboration. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 842. $69.50 (US). Reviewed by Richard Crampton
DMITRIY LOZA. Attack of the Airacobras: Soviet Aces, American P-39s, and the Air War against Germany, trans, and ed. James F. Gebhardt. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2002. Pp. xiii, 369. $34.95 (US). Reviewed by Adam Claasen
KENT FEDOROWICH and MARTIN THOMAS, eds. International Diplomacy and Colonial Retreat. London and Portland: Frank Cass, 2001. Pp. 260. £35.00. Reviewed by John Flint
WYATT WELLS. Antitrust and the Formation of the Postwar World. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002. Pp. x, 276. $32.50 (US). Reviewed by Alfred E. Eckes
WOLFGANG-UWE FRIEDRICH, ed. Germany and America: Essays in Honor of Gerald R. Kleinfeld. New York: Berghahn, 2001. Pp. xi, 324. $39.95 (US). Reviewed by Manfred Jonas
DALE M. HELLEGERS. We, the Japanese People: World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution: I: Washington. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii, 404; DALE M. HELLEGERS. We, the Japanese People: World War II and the Origins of the Japanese Constitution: II: Tokyo. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2002. Pp. viii, 405-826. $99.00 (US) for both vols. Reviewed by Janice Matsumura
BEVERLEY MILTON-EDWARDS and PETER HINCHCLIFFE. Conflicts
