Obituary: Dr Harvey Baker, 1930–2019 Clement, M.
British journal of dermatology (1951),
November 2019, 2019-11-00, 20191101, Letnik:
181, Številka:
5
Journal Article
The role of rhizosphere microbiota in the resistance of tomato plant against soil-borne Fusarium wilt disease (FWD) remains unclear. Here, we showed that the FWD incidence was ...significantly negatively correlated with the diversity of both rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities. Using the microbiological culturomic approach, we selected 205 unique strains to construct different synthetic communities (SynComs), which were inoculated into germ-free tomato seedlings, and their roles in suppressing FWD were monitored using omics approach. Cross-kingdom (fungi and bacteria) SynComs were most effective in suppressing FWD than those of Fungal or Bacterial SynComs alone. This effect was underpinned by a combination of molecular mechanisms related to plant immunity and microbial interactions contributed by the bacterial and fungal communities. This study provides new insight into the dynamics of microbiota in pathogen suppression and host immunity interactions. Also, the formulation and manipulation of SynComs for functional complementation constitute a beneficial strategy in controlling soil-borne disease.
The objective of this study was to establish the effectiveness of interventions to reduce frequent emergency department (ED) use among a general adult high ED-use population.
Systematic review of the ...literature from 1950-January 2015. Studies were included if they: had a control group (controlled trials or comparative cohort studies), were set in an ED or acute care facility, and examined the impact of an intervention to reduce frequent ED use in a general adult population. Studies reporting non-original data or focused on a specific patient population were excluded. Study design, patient population, intervention, the frequency of ED visits, and costs of frequent ED use and/or interventions were extracted and narratively synthesized.
Among 17 included articles, three intervention categories were identified: case management (n = 12), individualized care plans (n = 3), and information sharing (n = 2). Ten studies examining case management reported reductions in mean (-0.66 to -37) or median (-0.1 to -20) number of ED visits after 12-months; one study reported an increase in mean ED visits (+2.79); and one reported no change. Of these, 6 studies also reported reduced hospital costs. Only 1 study evaluating individualized care plans examined ED utilization and found no change in median ED visits post-intervention. Costs following individualized care plans were also only evaluated in 1 study, which reported savings in hospital costs of $742/patient. Evidence was mixed regarding information sharing: 1 study reported no change in mean ED visits and did not examine costs; whereas the other reported a decrease in mean ED visits (-16.9) and ED cost savings of $15,513/patient.
The impact of all three frequent-user interventions was modest. Case management had the most rigorous evidence base, yielded moderate cost savings, but with variable reductions in ED use. Future studies evaluating non-traditional interventions, tailoring to patient subgroups or socio-cultural contexts, are warranted.
Base editor technology, which uses CRISPR-Cas9 to direct cytidine deaminase enzymatic activity to specific genomic loci, enables the highly efficient introduction of precise cytidine-to-thymidine DNA ...alterations. However, existing base editors create unwanted C-to-T alterations when more than one C is present in the enzyme's five-base-pair editing window. Here we describe a strategy for reducing bystander mutations using an engineered human APOBEC3A (eA3A) domain, which preferentially deaminates cytidines in specific motifs according to a TCR>TCY>VCN hierarchy. In direct comparisons with the widely used base editor 3 (BE3) fusion in human cells, our eA3A-BE3 fusion exhibits similar activities on cytidines in TC motifs but greatly reduced editing on cytidines in other sequence contexts. eA3A-BE3 corrects a human β-thalassemia promoter mutation with much higher (>40-fold) precision than BE3. We also demonstrate that eA3A-BE3 shows reduced mutation frequencies on known off-target sites of BE3, even when targeting promiscuous homopolymeric sites.
For decades, major difficulties in analyzing histidine phosphorylation have limited the study of phosphohistidine signaling. Here we report a method revealing widespread and abundant protein ...histidine phosphorylation in Escherichia coli. We generated an extensive E. coli phosphoproteome data set, in which a remarkably high percentage (∼10%) of phosphorylation sites are phosphohistidine sites. This resource should help enable a better understanding of the biological function of histidine phosphorylation.
The aim of this study was the isolation and molecular characterization of fungi from untreated refinery effluent by using multiple conserved genes. The Fungi isolated were characterized based on PCR ...amplification and genomic sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), and RNA polymerase second large subunit (RPB2) genes, along with morphological characterization. The obtained sequences were subjected to BLAST analysis and the corresponding fungal isolates were assigned species names after comparison with representative sequences available in GenBank. Fifteen (15) Fungi species belonging to four genera of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Trichoderma with Aspergillus as the predominant genus were identified. Therefore these genes should be used as molecular markers for species level identification of fungi (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium as proven in this study.
Abstract
Background
The plant microbiome is an integral part of the host and increasingly recognized as playing fundamental roles in plant growth and health. Increasing evidence indicates that plant ...rhizosphere recruits beneficial microbes to the plant to suppress soil-borne pathogens. However, the ecological processes that govern plant microbiome assembly and functions in the below- and aboveground compartments under pathogen invasion are not fully understood. Here, we studied the bacterial and fungal communities associated with 12 compartments (e.g., soils, roots, stems, and fruits) of chili pepper (
Capsicum annuum
L.) using amplicons (16S and ITS) and metagenomics approaches at the main pepper production sites in China and investigated how
Fusarium
wilt disease (FWD) affects the assembly, co-occurrence patterns, and ecological functions of plant-associated microbiomes.
Results
The amplicon data analyses revealed that FWD affected less on the microbiome of pepper reproductive organs (fruit) than vegetative organs (root and stem), with the strongest impact on the upper stem epidermis. Fungal intra-kingdom networks were less stable and their communities were more sensitive to FWD than the bacterial communities. The analysis of microbial interkingdom network further indicated that FWD destabilized the network and induced the ecological importance of fungal taxa. Although the diseased plants were more susceptible to colonization by other pathogenic fungi, their below- and aboveground compartments can also recruit potential beneficial bacteria. Some of the beneficial bacterial taxa enriched in the diseased plants were also identified as core taxa for plant microbiomes and hub taxa in networks. On the other hand, metagenomic analysis revealed significant enrichment of several functional genes involved in detoxification, biofilm formation, and plant-microbiome signaling pathways (i.e., chemotaxis) in the diseased plants.
Conclusions
Together, we demonstrate that a diseased plant could recruit beneficial bacteria and mitigate the changes in reproductive organ microbiome to facilitate host or its offspring survival. The host plants may attract the beneficial microbes through the modulation of plant-microbiome signaling pathways. These findings significantly advance our understanding on plant-microbiome interactions and could provide fundamental and important data for harnessing the plant microbiome in sustainable agriculture.
Objectif Étude des caractéristiques pronostiques des TNE pancréatiques, non syndromiques, enregistrées dans la base de données RENATEN Limousin (analyse de survie). Matériels et méthodes Étude ...descriptive multicentrique (CHU de Limoges, clinique Chenieux Limoges, CH Brive, Tulle et Gueret), rétrospective, référés au réseau RENATEN Limousin (2011 à 2015). 63 cas ont été recensés, les formes génétiques ont été exclues (10 cas). Résultats L’âge moyen au diagnostic est de 55,8 ± 15,6 ans avec prédominance féminine. 25 patients ont des métastases hépatiques, deux tiers synchrones au diagnostic. Les analyses anatomopathologiques complètes étaient disponibles pour 34 patients. Selon le Ki67 : 20 patients étaient grade 1, 13 grade 2, 1 grade 3. La survie globale est d’environ 70 % à 10 ans. La survie des patients non métastatiques est significativement plus favorable que les métastatiques ( p = 0,03), comme pour les patients ayant un Ki67 ≤ 2 versus > 2 ( p = 0,007). Le Ki67 était plus élevé chez les patients métastatiques ( p = 0,035). La taille de la tumeur était plus grande dans le groupe métastase ( p < 0,05). Discussion Dans la littérature, la taille fait partie des facteurs de mauvais pronostic 1 . Incontestablement, le caractère métastatique et le Ki67 > 2 représentent des éléments péjoratifs. Sur les 7 décès enregistrés, 6 présentaient ces 2 caractères.
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