A straightforward synthesis of a new type of tetradentate dianionic OSSO-type ligand is described. This ligand features an ethylenedithiol core bridged via methylene groups to substituted phenols, ...thus representing an S analogue of the ONNO-type Salan ligands. The OSSOH2 ligand precursor reacted with titanium(IV) isopropoxide and with zirconium(IV) tert-butoxide to give the corresponding OSSO−M(OR)2 complexes, which formed as single C 2-symmetric isomers but were fluxional according to variable-temperature NMR. An X-ray structure of OSSO−Zr(O-t-Bu)2 supported the fac − fac wrapping mode of the ligand. The dibenzyl complex OSSO−Zr(bn)2 that was obtained by a reaction between the ligand precursor and tetrabenzylzirconium was found to be an active 1-hexene polymerization catalyst upon activation with B(C6F5)3, leading to a stereoirregular polymer despite its C 2 symmetry.
Previous reports have shown a possible association between psoriasis and obesity, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension or diabetes mellitus. However, most of these studies were uncontrolled and were ...based on small sample sizes. We therefore investigated the association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome in a case control study. Case patients were defined as patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris. Control patients were subjects who underwent hernioplasty or appendectomy. We used data mining techniques utilizing the database of the southern district of Clalit Health Services. The proportions of patients with diseases that belong to the metabolic syndrome were compared between case and control patients by univariate analyses. chi2 tests were used to compare categorical parameters between the groups. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. A total of 340 patients with psoriasis and 6643 controls were included in the study. The mean age of case patients was 47.7 years (SD 10.7 years). There were 50.3% men and 49.7% women. Ischaemic heart disease was present in 23.5% of the patients with psoriasis, compared with 17.2% of the controls (p=0.003). Diabetes mellitus was present in 27.9% of the patients with psoriasis, compared with 19.5% of the controls (p <0.001). Hypertension was present in 44.4% of the patients with psoriasis, compared with 37.2% of the controls (p=0.007). Obesity was present in 29.4% of the patients with psoriasis, compared with 23.5% of the controls (p=0.012). Dyslipidaemia was present in 50.9% of the patients with psoriasis, compared with 44.2% of the controls (p=0.015). The association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome was pronounced after the age of 50 years and in men. Multivariate models adjusting for age and gender demonstrated that psoriasis was associated with an increased risk for ischaemic heart disease (odds ratio (OR) 1.4 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-1.8), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.5 95% CI 1.2-2.0), hypertension (OR 1.3 95% CI 1.0-1.7), obesity (OR 1.3 95% CI 1.0-1.7) and dyslipidaemia (OR 1.2 95% CI 1.0-1.6). Our findings demonstrate a possible association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome. Further studies are needed to establish this observation.
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder in individuals that carry DQ2 or DQ8 MHC class II haplotypes, triggered by the ingestion of gluten. There is no current treatment other than a ...gluten-free diet (GFD). We have previously shown that the BL-7010 copolymer poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-styrene sulfonate) (P(HEMA-co-SS)) binds with higher efficiency to gliadin than to other proteins present in the small intestine, ameliorating gliadin-induced pathology in the HLA-HCD4/DQ8 model of gluten sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of two batches of BL-7010 to interact with gliadin, essential vitamins and digestive enzymes not previously tested, and to assess the ability of the copolymer to reduce gluten-associated pathology using the NOD-DQ8 mouse model, which exhibits more significant small intestinal damage when challenged with gluten than HCD4/DQ8 mice. In addition, the safety and systemic exposure of BL-7010 was evaluated in vivo (in rats) and in vitro (genetic toxicity studies). In vitro binding data showed that BL-7010 interacted with high affinity with gliadin and that BL-7010 had no interaction with the tested vitamins and digestive enzymes. BL-7010 was effective at preventing gluten-induced decreases in villus-to-crypt ratios, intraepithelial lymphocytosis and alterations in paracellular permeability and putative anion transporter-1 mRNA expression in the small intestine. In rats, BL-7010 was well-tolerated and safe following 14 days of daily repeated administration of 3000 mg/kg. BL-7010 did not exhibit any mutagenic effect in the genetic toxicity studies. Using complementary animal models and chronic gluten exposure the results demonstrate that administration of BL-7010 is effective and safe and that it is able to decrease pathology associated with gliadin sensitization warranting the progression to Phase I trials in humans.
Octahedral group 4 complexes of a new bulky tetradentate dithiodiphenolate {OSSO}‐type ligand that oscillate between two enantiomeric C2‐symmetric conformations are described. The dibenzyl Zr and Hf ...complexes led to active catalysts in propylene polymerization. Polypropylene having predominantly stereoblock‐isotactic microstructure or predominantly isotactic microstructure could be obtained by varying the polymerization conditions. Long isotactic blocks of 50 to more than 100 repeat units were formed at –10 °C in liquid propylene.
Zr and Hf complexes of an {OSSO} ligand bearing bulky phenolates oscillate between two C2‐symmetric conformations. Controlling the relative rates of monomer insertion and catalyst flip affects the polypropylene microstructure, making it stereoblock‐isotactic or isotactic, as demonstrated by catalyst signatures on the polymer backbone.
The first synthesis of achiral and chiral ONNO'-type Salan ligands featuring two different phenol arms, and the diastereoselective formation of the corresponding octahedral C1-symmetric zirconium ...complexes is described; the activity and isospecificity induction of the ONNO'Zr(bn)2 complexes in 1-hexene polymerisation reflected those of the parent symmetric compounds.
Background Previous reports have shown an association between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome, but there are only a few studies on the association between psoriasis and diabetes.
Objectives To ...study the association between psoriasis and diabetes.
Methods A cross‐sectional study was performed utilizing the database of Clalit Health Services (CHS). Patients who were diagnosed with psoriasis were compared with CHS enrolees without psoriasis regarding the prevalence of diabetes. Patients with diabetes were identified using the CHS chronic diseases registry. Chi‐squared tests were used to compare categorical parameters. Logistic regression models were used for multivariate analyses.
Results The study included 16 851 patients with psoriasis and 74 987 subjects without psoriasis (control patients). The proportion of diabetes was significantly higher in patients above 35 years (P < 0.05). The age‐adjusted proportion of diabetes was significantly higher in psoriasis patients as compared to the control group odds ratio (OR), 1.38, P < 0.05 and was similar in men and women (OR, 1.32, 1.45, respectively). A multivariate logistic regression model showed that psoriasis was significantly associated with diabetes, independently of age and gender (OR, 1.58, P < 0.001).
Conclusions Our study supports previous reports of an association between psoriasis and diabetes. Dermatologists taking care of patients with psoriasis should be aware of this association and advise the patients to reduce additional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension or dyslipidemia.
Summary
Background
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease.
Objectives
To evaluate the association between HS and metabolic syndrome and its component ...morbidities in a large, community‐based cohort of patients with HS, using the database of Clalit Health Services, the largest public healthcare provider in Israel.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was performed. Metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of at least three of the following conditions: diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and obesity. The association between HS and metabolic syndrome was assessed by a multivariate logistic regression model, adjusting for age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking status.
Results
The study included 3207 patients with HS (general frequency of 0·07%) diagnosed by a dermatologist in primary‐care centres, and 6412 age‐ and sex‐matched control patients without HS. HS was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome odds ratio (OR) 1·61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·36–1·89, diabetes (OR 1·41, 95% CI 1·19–1·66), obesity (OR 1·71, 95% CI 1·53–1·91), hyperlipidaemia (OR 1·14, 95% CI 1·02–1·28) and hypertension (OR 1·19, 95% CI 1·03–1·38).
Conclusions
We found an association between HS and diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome among a large community‐based cohort of patients with HS. Clinicians should take into account that patients with HS may have one or more undiagnosed components of metabolic syndrome despite their young age. Thus, appropriate targeted screening is advised.
What's already known about this topic?
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is known to be associated with several comorbidities.
What does this study add?
We found an association between HS and diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome in a large community‐based cohort of patients with HS.
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