Post-Soviet social Collier, Stephen J
2011., 20110808, 2011, 2011-08-08
eBook
The Soviet Union created a unique form of urban modernity, developing institutions of social provisioning for hundreds of millions of people in small and medium-sized industrial cities spread across ...a vast territory. After the collapse of socialism these institutions were profoundly shaken--casualties, in the eyes of many observers, of market-oriented reforms associated with neoliberalism and the Washington Consensus. In Post-Soviet Social, Stephen Collier examines reform in Russia beyond the Washington Consensus. He turns attention from the noisy battles over stabilization and privatization during the 1990s to subsequent reforms that grapple with the mundane details of pipes, wires, bureaucratic routines, and budgetary formulas that made up the Soviet social state.
The cellular heat stress (HS) response is one component of the acute systemic response to HS. Gene networks within and across cells and tissues respond to environmental heat loads above the ...thermoneutral zone with both intra- and extracellular signals that coordinate cellular and whole-animal metabolism. Activation of these systems appears to be initiated at skin surface temperatures exceeding 35°C as animals begin to store heat and rapidly increase evaporative heat loss (EVHL) mechanisms. Gene expression changes include 1) activation of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1); 2) increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSP) and decreased expression and synthesis of other proteins; 3) increased glucose and amino acid oxidation and reduced fatty acid metabolism; 4) endocrine system activation of the stress response; and 5) immune system activation via extracellular secretion of HSP. If the stress persists, these gene expression changes lead to an altered physiological state referred to as "acclimation," a process largely controlled by the endocrine system. In the acclimated state, metabolism is adjusted to minimize detrimental effects of increased thermal heat load. The role of secreted HSP in feedback regulation of the immune and endocrine system has not yet been investigated. The variation in EVHL among animals and the central role that HSF1 has in coordinating thermal tolerance suggest that there is opportunity to improve thermal tolerance via gene manipulation. Determining the basis for altered energy metabolism during thermal stress will lead to opportunities for improved animal performance via altered nutritional management.
Learning Through Serving Cress, Christine M; Collier, Peter J; Reitenauer, Vicki L
2013, 2023-07-03
eBook
This substantially expanded new edition of this widely-used and acclaimed text maintains the objectives and tenets of the first. It is designed to help students understand and reflect on their ...community service experiences both as individuals and as citizens of communities in need of their compassionate expertise. It is designed to assist faculty in facilitating student development of compassionate expertise through the context of service in applying disciplinary knowledge to community issues and challenges. In sum, the book is about how to make academic sense of civic service in preparing for roles as future citizen leaders.
Each chapter has been developed to be read and reviewed, in sequence, over the term of a service-learning course. Students in a semester course might read just one chapter each week, while those in a quarter-term course might need to read one to two chapters per week. The chapters are intentionally short, averaging 8 to 14 pages, so they do not interfere with other course content reading.
This edition presents four new chapters on Mentoring, Leadership, Becoming a Change Agent, and Short-Term Immersive and Global Service-Learning experiences. The authors have also revised the original chapters to more fully address issues of social justice, privilege/power, diversity, intercultural communication, and technology; have added more disciplinary examples; incorporated additional academic content for understanding service-learning issues (e.g., attribution theory); and cover issues related to students with disabilities, and international students.
This text is a student-friendly, self-directed guide to service-learning that:
Develops the skills needed to succeed
Clearly links service-learning to the learning goals of the course
Combines self-study and peer-study workbook formats with activities that can be incorporated in class, to give teachers maximum flexibility in structuring their ser
Farmland abandonment in Europe Ustaoglu, Eda; Collier, Marcus J.
Environmental reviews,
12/2018, Letnik:
26, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the last decades, there have been large areas of agricultural land that were abandoned in Europe, producing significant social and environmental impacts. Land abandonment is a dynamic process, ...which is influenced by a complex range of drivers that vary over time and space. This process is driven by a combination of socio-economic, political, and environmental factors by which formerly cultivated fields are no longer economically viable under existing land-use and socio-economic conditions. The implications of land abandonment on biodiversity and other ecosystem services can be positive or negative depending on the conservation status of the area, agro-climatic conditions, and local factors. Therefore, the scope and extent of environmental impacts vary over time and location. Considering that land abandonment is a contentious issue in Europe, there is still growing need for research on this topic. This paper reviews (i) drivers and consequences of farmland abandonment in Europe, (ii) policy measures and tools developed by the European Union in relation to land abandonment process, (iii) the impacts and indicators that are used to assess ecosystem services that are related to land abandonment, and (iv) the methods by which socio-economic, environmental, and cultural values can be assessed. An overview of key impacts and indicators and the impact assessment methodologies will guide policy-making and planning processes that focus on sustainability impact assessment of land abandonment related to ecosystem services in Europe.
Au cours les dernières décennies, de grandes étendues de terres agricoles ont été abandonnées en Europe, entraînant des répercussions importantes sur le plan social et environnemental. L’abandon des terres est un processus dynamique, lequel est déterminé par une gamme complexe de facteurs qui varient au fil du temps et selon l’emplacement. Ce processus découle d’une combinaison de facteurs socio-économiques, politiques et exogènes, par lesquels les champs autrefois cultivés ne sont plus économiquement viables en raison des conditions socio-économiques et d’utilisation des terres à présent. Les conséquences de l’abandon des terres sur la biodiversité et d’autres services d’écosystème peuvent être positives ou négatives selon la situation quant à la conservation de la région, des conditions agroclimatiques et des facteurs locaux. Donc, la portée et l’ampleur des impacts sur l’environnement varient au fil du temps et selon l’emplacement. Étant donné que l’abandon des terres est une question litigieuse en Europe, il y a un besoin croissant de recherche sur ce sujet. Cette étude passe en revue (i) les causes et les conséquences de la déprise agricole en Europe; (ii) les mesures et les outils au niveau des politiques développées par l’UE par rapport au processus d’abandon des terres; (iii) les impacts et les indicateurs qui sont utilisés pour évaluer les services d’écosystème liés à l’abandon des terres; (iv) les méthodes par lesquelles des valeurs socio-économiques, environnementales et culturelles peuvent être évaluées. Une vue d’ensemble des principaux impacts et indicateurs et des méthodologies d’évaluation d’impact guideront l’élaboration des politiques et les processus de planification qui sont axés sur l’évaluation d’impact de durabilité par rapport à l’abandon des terres, et liée aux services d’écosystème en Europe.
Despite considerable efforts over the past decade, only 34 fast radio bursts-intense bursts of radio emission from beyond our Galaxy-have been reported
. Attempts to understand the population as a ...whole have been hindered by the highly heterogeneous nature of the searches, which have been conducted with telescopes of different sensitivities, at a range of radio frequencies, and in environments corrupted by different levels of radio-frequency interference from human activity. Searches have been further complicated by uncertain burst positions and brightnesses-a consequence of the transient nature of the sources and the poor angular resolution of the detecting instruments. The discovery of repeating bursts from one source
, and its subsequent localization
to a dwarf galaxy at a distance of 3.7 billion light years, confirmed that the population of fast radio bursts is located at cosmological distances. However, the nature of the emission remains elusive. Here we report a well controlled, wide-field radio survey for these bursts. We found 20, none of which repeated during follow-up observations between 185-1,097 hours after the initial detections. The sample includes both the nearest and the most energetic bursts detected so far. The survey demonstrates that there is a relationship between burst dispersion and brightness and that the high-fluence bursts are the nearby analogues of the more distant events found in higher-sensitivity, narrower-field surveys
.
The conventional reporting of composite endpoints in clinical trials has an inherent limitation in that it emphasizes each patient's first event, which is often the outcome of lesser clinical ...importance. To overcome this problem, we introduce the concept of the win ratio for reporting composite endpoints. Patients in the new treatment and control groups are formed into matched pairs based on their risk profiles. Consider a primary composite endpoint, e.g. cardiovascular (CV) death and heart failure hospitalization (HF hosp) in heart failure trials. For each matched pair, the new treatment patient is labelled a 'winner' or a 'loser' depending on who had a CV death first. If that is not known, only then they are labelled a 'winner' or 'loser' depending on who had a HF hosp first. Otherwise they are considered tied. The win ratio is the total number of winners divided by the total numbers of losers. A 95% confidence interval and P-value for the win ratio are readily obtained. If formation of matched pairs is impractical then an alternative win ratio can be obtained by comparing all possible unmatched pairs. This method is illustrated by re-analyses of the EMPHASIS-HF, PARTNER B, and CHARM trials. The win ratio is a new method for reporting composite endpoints, which is easy to use and gives appropriate priority to the more clinically important event, e.g. mortality. We encourage its use in future trial reports.
ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of J0624–6948, a low-surface brightness radio ring, lying between the Galactic Plane and the large magellanic cloud (LMC). It was first detected at 888 MHz with the ...Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP), and with a diameter of ∼196 arcsec. This source has phenomenological similarities to odd radio circles (ORCs). Significant differences to the known ORCs – a flatter radio spectral index, the lack of a prominent central galaxy as a possible host, and larger apparent size – suggest that J0624–6948 may be a different type of object. We argue that the most plausible explanation for J0624–6948 is an intergalactic supernova remnant due to a star that resided in the LMC outskirts that had undergone a single-degenerate type Ia supernova, and we are seeing its remnant expand into a rarefied, intergalactic environment. We also examine if a massive star or a white dwarf binary ejected from either galaxy could be the supernova progenitor. Finally, we consider several other hypotheses for the nature of the object, including the jets of an active galactic nucleus (30Dor) or the remnant of a nearby stellar super-flare.
Nature-based solutions offer an exciting prospect for resilience building and advancing urban planning to address complex urban challenges simultaneously. In this article, we formulated through a ...coproduction process in workshops held during the first IPCC Cities and Climate Science Conference in Edmonton, Canada, in March 2018, a series of synthesis statements on the role, potential, and research gaps of nature-based solutions for climate adaptation and mitigation. We address interlocking questions about the evidence and knowledge needed for integrating nature-based solutions into urban agendas. We elaborate on the ways to advance the planning and knowledge agenda for nature-based solutions by focusing on knowledge coproduction, indicators and big data, and novel financing models. With this article, we intend to open a wider discussion on how cities can effectively mainstream nature-based solutions to mitigate and adapt to the negative effects of climate change and the future role of urban science in coproducing nature-based solutions.
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