Food waste (FW) is a current, complex, and widely debated issue in various spheres of society. Globally, about 2.6 trillion dollars per year is lost because of wasted food. Part of FW is preventable, ...and it is necessary to identify where it occurs. In most cases, FW occurs at the end of the production chain (meal preparation and distribution). Identifying the main food service failures on FW is important for developing efficient strategies for reducing them. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a narrative review of the impacts caused by FW in food services considering the three dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, or environmental). Multiple reasons were identified in this review that impacts those three dimensions, such as the cost of wasted raw material, use of cleaning material, the energy consumption, salary of food handlers, the water footprint, the amounts of rest-intake, production waste, energy density wasted, use of organic food, and food donation. Identifying these aspects can contribute to reduce FW impacts for better sustainable development, develop tools to measure FW, and assist food service managers in minimizing FW.
This study aimed to develop an Eco-Inefficiency (Ely) formula to verify the cost of the economic, environmental, and social impact of waste, applicable to food services (FS). Six stages were ...performed: identification of the terms that characterize food waste; definition of constructs influenced by food waste; identification of the variables that make up each construct; indicators capable of measuring the impact generated by food waste; definition of the mathematical formula; and EIy pilot test. The formula was based on eco-efficiency but focused on food waste. The constructs were translated into three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, and economic. Researchers created a score for the dimensions and the entire evaluation, based on a literature review. Water footprint, cleaning material, food production waste, the amount of rest-intake, and the amount of distribution leftover were evaluated on the environmental impact. The economic dimension variables were energy consumption to produce the wasted food, cost of raw material used in wasted food, and food handlers’ wages for the economic impact measurement. The social impact variables were: energy density (ED), rest-intake (kcal/g), distribution of leftover ED (kcal/g), use of organic food, and food surpluses’ donation. With an EIy application in each item, we have the item’s score in each dimension. The higher value of an item, the higher is its influence on the dimension, allowing us to identify those with the most significant impact in the restaurant. The Environmental dimension presented the most significant problems in the assessed scenario. The eco-inefficiency formula identifies food waste’s main critical points, allowing us to trace strategies to reduce food waste.
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the impact of antidepressants on depressive symptom severity, quality of life (QoL), morbidity, and mortality in patients with heart failure ...(HF).
Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, studies published from December 1969 to December 2019 that pertain to depression and HF were identified through the use of the PubMed and PsycINFO databases, using the keywords: 'antidepressant*' and 'heart failure.' Two authors independently conducted a focused analysis and reached a final consensus on 17 studies that met the specific selection criteria and passed the study quality checks.
Studies varied in types of antidepressants used as well as in study designs. Ten studies were analyzed for the impact of antidepressant medications on depressive symptom severity. Five of these were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), out of which sertraline and paroxetine showed a significant reduction in depressive symptoms despite the small samples utilized. Four of the 17 studies addressed QoL as part of their outcomes showing no difference for escitalopram (RCT), significantly greater improvements for paroxetine controlled release (RCT), statistical significance for sertraline compared to control (pilot study), and showing significant improvement before and after treatment (open-label trial) for nefazodone. Thirteen of the 17 studies included measures of morbidity and mortality. Although early analyses have pointed to an association of antidepressant use and mortality particularly with fluoxetine, the reviewed studies showed no increase in mortality for antidepressants, and secondary analyses showed improved mortality in patients who achieved remission of depressive symptoms.
Out of the various antidepressants studied, which included sertraline, paroxetine, escitalopram, citalopram, bupropion, nefazodone, and nortriptyline, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors seem to be a safe treatment option for patients with depression and HF. However, due to the variety of study designs as well as the mixed results for each antidepressant, more information for reducing depression severity, morbidity, and mortality and improving quality of life in patients with HF should be examined using robust large sample RCTs.
This study aimed to (i) compare the food safety knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices (KAP) and observed food safety practices of food truck (FT) food handlers, (ii) evaluate the ...microbiological quality of food and water samples collected from these vehicles, and (iii) establish a score classification for the KAP instrument according to the food contamination probability assessment. This study was conducted in three stages with 40 food truck food handlers conveniently sampled in the Federal District, Brazil, through structured interviews, application of an observational checklist for the assessment of handlers' practices and the collection of food and water samples for determination of microbiological quality. FTs that are likely to exhibit food contamination and are at a high risk of foodborne diseases if at least one of the following situations occur: (1) if a food handler scores ≤6 in the knowledge section; (2) if a food handler scores ≤5 in the attitudes section; or (3) if a food handler scores ≤6 in the self-reported practices section. On the other hand, FTs in which handlers score higher than the cutoff points in all the sections are unlikely to exhibit food contamination and are at a low risk of foodborne diseases. The findings of this study are the first step to understand food handlers' point of view and the initial diagnosis to guide educational strategies in the FT sector.
Resumo Nesta entrevista à revista Saúde e Sociedade, a Dra. Cupertino faz um relato do seu engajamento para alcançar pessoas em situações desafiadoras como a pandemia de covid-19. O diálogo buscou ...conhecer experiências exitosas capazes de interromper ou reduzir a perpetuação das disparidades em saúde. Em sua trajetória profissional, perpassou pelo Instituto de Câncer de Wilmot (WIC), onde atua no momento, sempre apoiada em referências brasileiras importantes como Paulo Freire. No seu trabalho, percebe-se a utilização de estratégias que ultrapassam questões acadêmicas e trazem a comunidade para o protagonismo da pesquisa, permitindo que o processo de translação ocorra apropriadamente. Por fim, define as parcerias com países da América Latina como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde direcionadas a imigrantes que vivem nos Estados Unidos, uma vez que a variável relações sociais é determinante para a saúde de uma comunidade. A fala da Dra. Cupertino revela, assim, um olhar distinto sobre realidades distantes, mas que podem contribuir para reflexões importantes em um mundo globalizado, no qual intercâmbios são cada vez mais frequentes.
Abstract In this interview with the journal Saúde e Sociedade, Dr. Cupertino talks about her actions to reach people under challenging situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The dialogue aimed to learn about successful experiences capable of erasing or reducing the perpetuation of health disparities. In her professional career, she worked at the Wilmot Cancer Institute (WIC), her current employer, always supported by important Brazilian references such as Paulo Freire. Her research work uses strategies that go beyond academic issues and bring the community to the forefront, enabling an accurate translation process. Finally, she considers the partnerships with Latin American countries as fundamental for developing health actions towards immigrants living in the United States, since the social relations variable is crucial for community health. Dr. Cupertino’s testimony thus reveals a distinct look at distant realities, which can contribute to important reflections in a globalized world where exchanges are increasingly frequent.
This study aimed to explain the elaboration process of a risk-based instrument to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions and grading of food services in the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World ...Cup. Twenty-four Brazilian experts were invited for this elaboration. They were asked to determine the likelihood of different food handling situations that could lead to an outbreak. The nominal group technique was used for this purpose. A draft of the evaluation instrument was then created, based on Brazilian good manufacturing practices regulation and the opinion of the food safety experts. The draft evaluation instrument was used to evaluate 354 food services located in 10 cities that will host games as part of the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 141 food services in seven state capitals that will not host the games. In 25 establishments, the application of the evaluation instrument was conducted by two health surveillance auditors at the same time to measure the inter-rater reliability using the kappa statistic. For each item a raw score was determined by the experts and adjusted based on the results of a factor analysis. Approximately 55% of the items exhibited almost perfect agreement, with values between 0.81 and 1.00, and another 26% agreed substantially. The lowest raw score assigned was 10, and the highest was 240. Factor loadings ranging from 0.0001 to 0.6274 were determined for each of the items. Based on the assigned scores, the overall scores of the establishments could range from 0 (all items in compliance with the law) to 2565.95 (all items inadequate) resulting in five classification categories when using the evaluation instrument. In summary, an evaluation instrument to be applied to food services to permit the evaluation and grading of food service establishments regarding the sanitary aspects of food handling has been developed. The release of the results of the evaluation and grading of the food services has the potential to improve the food services in the areas covered by the Brazilian sanitary legislation.
•A risk-based instrument to evaluate the food safety was proposed.•Food services of cities that will host games of the 2014 World Cup were evaluated.•The instrument received factor loadings and presented high inter-rater reliability.•The Brazilian food services will receive a score and a grade.•These scores can motivate the adherence of food services to the sanitary laws.
Abstract In this interview with the journal Saúde e Sociedade, Dr. Cupertino talks about her actions to reach people under challenging situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The dialogue aimed to ...learn about successful experiences capable of erasing or reducing the perpetuation of health disparities. In her professional career, she worked at the Wilmot Cancer Institute (WIC), her current employer, always supported by important Brazilian references such as Paulo Freire. Her research work uses strategies that go beyond academic issues and bring the community to the forefront, enabling an accurate translation process. Finally, she considers the partnerships with Latin American countries as fundamental for developing health actions towards immigrants living in the United States, since the social relations variable is crucial for community health. Dr. Cupertino’s testimony thus reveals a distinct look at distant realities, which can contribute to important reflections in a globalized world where exchanges are increasingly frequent.
Resumo Nesta entrevista à revista Saúde e Sociedade, a Dra. Cupertino faz um relato do seu engajamento para alcançar pessoas em situações desafiadoras como a pandemia de covid-19. O diálogo buscou conhecer experiências exitosas capazes de interromper ou reduzir a perpetuação das disparidades em saúde. Em sua trajetória profissional, perpassou pelo Instituto de Câncer de Wilmot (WIC), onde atua no momento, sempre apoiada em referências brasileiras importantes como Paulo Freire. No seu trabalho, percebe-se a utilização de estratégias que ultrapassam questões acadêmicas e trazem a comunidade para o protagonismo da pesquisa, permitindo que o processo de translação ocorra apropriadamente. Por fim, define as parcerias com países da América Latina como fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de ações de saúde direcionadas a imigrantes que vivem nos Estados Unidos, uma vez que a variável relações sociais é determinante para a saúde de uma comunidade. A fala da Dra. Cupertino revela, assim, um olhar distinto sobre realidades distantes, mas que podem contribuir para reflexões importantes em um mundo globalizado, no qual intercâmbios são cada vez mais frequentes.
This study aimed to investigate food truck consumers' profile, choices, preferences, and food safety importance perception. We conducted structured interviews with a convenient sample of 133 food ...truck consumers in the Federal District, Brazil. Most of the participating consumers were married (52%) and female (56%), who had completed at least tertiary school (81%). The interviews revealed that most food truck consumers eat from food trucks once or twice a week (96%), usually near home (74%), and have an average per capita expenditure of approximately US $5 to US $9.99 (70%). Hamburgers and sandwiches are the most popular food among consumers (72%). Consumers indicated that taste (30%) was the most important reason to choose a food truck and that poor vehicle hygiene (30%) was the main point assigned for not opting for a food truck. Food hygiene and vendors' personal hygiene were considered important by consumers when eating from food trucks (78% and 80%, respectively). Considering all food truck consumers interviewed and the questions about food safety importance perception, the minimum score was 1 and the maximum was 2.9, with a mean score of 1.68 (SD = 0.46), indicating a high level of perceived importance. The instrument of food safety importance perception presented a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.73, indicating good internal consistency. No significant differences were observed in the food safety importance perception scores in gender (0.192), marital status (0.418), level of education (0.652) or food safety training (0.166). However, significant differences were found in the food safety importance perception scores for age (0.026) and the presence of children (0.001). The findings of this study indicate that there remains the need for consumers to comprehend their role in the food supply chain. Food safety and food handling practices are of public concern, and strategies are required to prevent foodborne diseases. Future public health interventions aiming to increase consumer knowledge and awareness of food safety should be emphasized.
Nutrition Literacy (NL) positively impacts diet quality and has the potential to promote health and prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases. Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates ...of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Nevertheless, in Brazil, few studies have explored the NL levels of its population. To provide remote access to the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Brazilians (NLit-Br) and assess Brazilian bank employees, we conducted a study to estimate the validity of the NLit-Br online and to investigate whether bank employees have an adequate NL level. In the first step, we randomly assigned 21 employees from three financial institution branches to two groups to complete NLit-Br paper and online versions. After an interval period, both groups completed the NLit-Br with an opposite delivery method (paper vs. online). We compared the validity of the digital and paper versions of the NLit-Br by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and the reliability by Kuder-Richardson formula 20. Second, we evaluated 1174 bank employees using the NLit-Br online version. We found an excellent absolute agreement (ICC ≥ 0.75) between the paper and online versions. The questionnaire had good internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.64). The sample was characterized as mostly male (61.0%), married/cohabitant (73.8%), and white (69.8%), with high household income (85.2%), and graduated or postgraduate (97.4%). The mean age of the population was 42.1 (SD = 7.6) years. Subjects predominantly had possibly inadequate NL (62.3%). The online NLit-Br total score was significantly associated with gender, age, and household income (
< 0.05). Women and individuals with higher incomes had a higher degree of NL. Subjects over 50 years old had a lower degree of NL. There was no significant association between the NLit-Br score and the participants' education. The NLit-Br online is a valid instrument to assess NL remotely. The population studied showed a high prevalence of inadequacy of the NL. Therefore, there is a need for targeted actions to improve the NL of bank employees.
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