Important others' perceptions influence self-perceptions. This presents a challenge for the critical developmental task of integrating all aspects of identity, as identities that are devalued or ...stigmatized by society are harder to own than valued ones. Across 3 studies, we tested the idea that conflictual or stigmatized identities are harder to own, or integrate into the self, than are nonconflictual ones, and we examine how receiving autonomy support for an identity-support for authentic identity exploration and expression-can facilitate ownership of that identity. Cross-sectional (n = 543), experience-sampling (n = 66), and experimental methods (n = 209) tested the dynamics of autonomy-supportive others on identity ownership. Data from these studies converge to show that conflictual identities are indeed harder to own than nonconflictual ones, but that autonomy support predicts greater ownership and psychological health, especially for conflictual identities. In the final study, we replicate these dynamics in 3 identities stigmatized by society: sexual minority, ethnic minority, and gender minority identities. Findings reveal the importance of integrating all aspects of identity-particularly those that are conflictual or stigmatized-into one's self-concept. We consider implications for counseling and clinical practice, as well as broadly for the psychological health of stigmatized individuals.
Public Significance Statement
Findings reveal that perceiving important others as autonomy supportive of one's identity-particularly when that identity is conflictual or stigmatized-facilitates ownership of that identity and greater psychological health. This work highlights the psychological benefits of accepting and supportive family members, friends, coworkers, and others, and speaks to the utility of counselors and clinicians providing autonomy support to clients grappling with a conflictual or stigmatized identity.
Research suggests that in modern Western culture there is a positive relationship between the equality of resources and the formation of trust and cooperation, two psychological components of social ...capital. Two studies elucidate the psychological processes underlying that relationship. Study 1 experimentally tested the influence of resource distributions on the formation of trust and intentions to cooperate; individuals receiving a deficit of resources and a surplus of resources evidenced lower levels of social capital (i.e., trust and cooperation) than did individuals receiving equal amounts. Analyses revealed the process was affective for deficit participants and cognitive for surplus participants. Study 2 provided suggestive support for the affective‐model of equality and social capital using proxy variables in the 1996 General Social Survey data set. Results suggest support for a causal path of unequal resource distributions generating affective experiences and cognitive concerns of justice, which mediate disengagement and distrust of others.
Varicoceles are the leading correctable cause of infertility in men who present to an infertility clinic for evaluation. Consequently, the surgical correction of a varicocele, known as a ...varicocelectomy, is the most commonly performed operation for the treatment of male infertility. The current data suggest that an individual with a varicocele, even with a previously normal semen analysis or documentation of previous fertility, is at risk for subsequent loss of testicular function and infertility. Many of these patients will need to be treated because there is convincing evidence that a varicocele may have a progressive toxic effect on the testes that may ultimately result in irreversible infertility if left untreated. Identifying those individuals with varicoceles that will ultimately cause fertility impairment is still beyond our current clinical capabilities. Current investigative modalities, e.g. semen analysis, testicular measurement, serum gonadotrophin determination, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test, and testis biopsy analysis, may be employed to detect early changes in testicular physiology produced by a varicocele.
Recent work has linked social dominance orientation (SDO) to ruthless, uncaring individuals who see the world as a competitive jungle. This need to “rule the jungle,” then, should become activated ...when high SDOs are in positions that threaten their chances of victory. In Study 1, the authors manipulated advantage and disadvantage in the form of resources; in an ensuing task, they observed higher levels of greed only among disadvantaged high SDOs. In Study 2, high SDOs with less opportunity to compete relative to others evidenced significantly more extra-effort to win, even though their effort broke the rules. In Study 3, the authors replicated this effect and demonstrated that extra-effort predicted increased beliefs in actual performance, which in turn predicted decisions to argue for a higher score. In sum, the results provide support for the notion of SDO reflecting underlying needs to compete and win at all costs.
Objective
A school‐based vaccination programme to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes cervical cancer, began in October 2008 in England. The present study ...evaluated the role of temporal perspective in the formation of attitudes and intentions towards the vaccine.
Design
A cross‐sectional correlational survey of 245 parents of 11–12‐year‐old girls.
Methods
Parents read a passage about the HPV vaccine containing information about benefits and concerns parents might have about the vaccine. They then completed a thought listing task and measures of attitude, vaccine efficacy, anticipated regret, intention, and consideration of future consequences.
Results
Parents with higher consideration of future consequences generated more positive relative to negative thoughts, held more positive attitudes, higher response efficacy, reported higher anticipated regret about not vaccinating their daughters and held more positive intentions. Mediation analyses suggested that the influence of thoughts generated on intention to vaccinate was partially mediated by attitude, perceived vaccine efficacy, and anticipated regret if the vaccine were not taken up.
Conclusion
Messages emphasizing efficacy of vaccination and anticipated regret are likely to promote vaccination uptake.
This study explores self-related outcomes (e.g., esteem, self-concept clarity, existential well-being) as a function of the interaction between self-reported levels of death fear and death denial. ...Consistent with the idea that positive existential growth can come from individuals facing, rather than denying, their mortality (Cozzolino,
2006
), the authors observed that not fearing and denying death can bolster important positive components of the self. That is, individuals low in death denial and death fear evidenced an enhanced self that is valued, clearly conceived, efficacious, and that has meaning and purpose.
The RHIC magnet system Anerella, M; Cottingham, J; Cozzolino, J ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
03/2003, Letnik:
499, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The magnet system of the collider consists of superconducting dipole, quadrupole and correction magnets for guiding and focusing the beams through the regular arcs of the machine lattice as well as ...into collision at the six interaction points. It is designed to allow operation in the energy range 30–100
GeV/
u. Operation with either equal or unequal ion species in the colliding beams is possible, imposing a ratio of up to 2.5:1 in the magnetic fields of the two rings. There are 1740 superconducting magnets in the machine. They were designed to meet stringent requirements on field quality, reproducibility, and long-term reliability while being inexpensive to produce. Wherever feasible, production of magnets and components was carried out in industry, always with build-to-print designs. After several years of operation, no magnet has failed and the magnet system has proven reliable and functional.
A support structure for the 120 mm Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet is presently under development for use in the upgrade for LHC at CERN. The design aims to build on existing technology developed in LARP ...with the LQ and HQ mag- nets and to further optimize the features required for operation in the accelerator. The structure and the proposed assembly methods include features for maintaining mechanical alignment of the coils to achieve the required field quality. It also includes a helium containment vessel and provisions for cooling with 1.9 K helium. The development effort includes the assembly of a 15 cm model to verify required coil load is achieved. Status of the R&D effort and an update on the magnet design, including its incorporation into the design of a complete one meter long cold mass is presented.
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