Background
Utility-value (UV) classroom interventions typically involve students completing assignments that involve writing about the usefulness of the course material. They are widely recommended ...and have received some empirical support.
Objective
This study tested the effectiveness of a UV intervention in an online research methods course. It was a conceptual replication of a study by Hulleman et al. (2017, Study 2).
Method
Students (N = 264) were randomly assigned to complete three assignments that required them to write about the usefulness of course material or three assignments that required them to summarize course material. The groups were compared in terms of their scores on a research methods knowledge test, their final papers, their final exams, and their final point totals, along with measures of the interestingness and usefulness of the course material.
Results
There were no differences between conditions on any of the outcome variables.
Conclusion
The UV intervention was ineffective. Further research is needed to establish the conditions under which such interventions are and are not effective.
Teaching Implications
UV interventions do not necessarily improve student performance. Instructors who use them should consider doing so in a way that allows for an assessment of their effect in their local context.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer from an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile, which is already established by child-bearing age.
OBJECTIVE AND ...RATIONALE
The aim of this systematic review along with an individual participant data meta-analysis is to evaluate whether cardiometabolic features in the offspring (females and males aged 1–18 years) of women with PCOS (OPCOS) are less favorable compared to the offspring of healthy controls.
SEARCH METHODS
PubMed, Embase and gray literature databases were searched by three authors independently (M.N.G., M.A.W and J.C.) (last updated on 1 February 2018). Relevant key terms such as ‘offspring’ and ‘PCOS’ were combined. Outcomes were age-specific standardized scores of various cardiometabolic parameters: BMI, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, lipid profile and the sum scores of various cardiometabolic features (metabolic sum score). Linear mixed models were used for analyses with standardized beta (β) as outcome.
OUTCOMES
Nine relevant observational studies could be identified, which jointly included 1367 children: OPCOS and controls, originating from the Netherlands, Chile and the USA. After excluding neonates, duplicate records and follow-up screenings, a total of 885 subjects remained. In adjusted analyses, we observed that OPCOS (n = 298) exhibited increased plasma levels of fasting insulin (β = 0.21(95%CI: 0.01–0.41), P = 0.05), insulin-resistance (β = 0.21(95%CI: 0.01–0.42), P = 0.04), triglycerides (β = 0.19(95%CI: 0.02–0.36), P = 0.03) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentrations (β = 0.31(95%CI: 0.08–0.54), P < 0.01), but a reduced birthweight (β = −116(95%CI: −195 to 38), P < 0.01) compared to controls (n = 587). After correction for multiple testing, however, differences in insulin and triglycerides lost their statistical significance. Interaction tests for sex revealed differences between males and females when comparing OPCOS versus controls. A higher 2-hour fasting insulin was observed among female OPCOS versus female controls (estimated difference for females (βf) = 0.45(95%CI: 0.07 to 0.83)) compared to the estimated difference between males ((βm) = −0.20(95%CI: −0.58 to 0.19)), with interaction-test: P = 0.03. Low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol differences in OPCOS versus controls were lower among females (βf = −0.39(95%CI: −0.62 to 0.16)), but comparable between male OPCOS and male controls (βm = 0.27(95%CI: −0.03 to 0.57)), with interaction-test: P < 0.01. Total cholesterol differences in OPCOS versus controls were also lower in females compared to the difference in male OPCOS and male controls (βf = −0.31(95%CI: −0.57 to 0.06), βm = 0.28(95%CI: −0.01 to 0.56), interaction-test: P = 0.01). The difference in HDL-cholesterol among female OPCOS versus controls (βf = 0.53(95%CI: 0.18–0.88)) was larger compared to the estimated mean difference among OPCOS males and the male controls (βm = 0.13(95%CI: −0.05−0.31), interaction-test: P < 0.01). Interaction test in metabolic sum score revealed a significant difference between females (OPCOS versus controls) and males (OPCOS versus controls); however, sub analyses performed in both sexes separately did not reveal a difference among females (OPCOS versus controls: βf = −0.14(95%CI: −1.05 to 0.77)) or males (OPCOS versus controls: βm = 0.85(95%CI: −0.10 to 1.79)), with P-value < 0.01.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS
We observed subtle signs of altered cardiometabolic health in OPCOS. Therefore, the unfavorable cardiovascular profile of women with PCOS at childbearing age may—next to a genetic predisposition—influence the health of their offspring. Sensitivity analyses revealed that these differences were predominantly observed among female offspring aged between 1 and 18 years. Moreover, studies with minimal risk of bias should elucidate the influence of a PCOS diagnosis in mothers on both sexes during fetal development and subsequently during childhood.
Diffuse pulmonary ossification is a rare entity that presents with the formation of mature bone in the pulmonary parenchyma and is associated with diffuse and chronic lung disease, heart disease, or ...other system disorders. Diffuse pulmonary ossification is usually a postmortem finding by the pathologist. In the case we report, the diagnosis was established by open lung biopsy. The patient was a 79-year-old man with dyspnea, dry cough, and weight loss. He had been a smoker. A chest x-ray revealed reticulonodular bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Computed tomography revealed interstitial disease predominantly in the septum with multiple cavitations that tended to form honeycomb patterns. Pleural thickening, retraction of the parenchyma, and bilateral fibrosis were also visible. A clinical diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis was established and the patient s course was unfavorable. An open lung biopsy was performed. The lung tissue specimens revealed zones with collapsed alveoli and others with emphysema, some of which produced secretion and erythrocytic extravasation. Interstitial vascular congestion was apparent; bronchioles presented mononuclear and some polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrates. Noteworthy was the presence of predominantly interstitial, multicentric foci of osseous trabeculae --some of which included adipose bone marrow. Diffuse pulmonary ossification is usually an incidental finding in autopsies of patients with a history of diffuse chronic pulmonary disease, but it is an unusual diagnosis in living patients. Diffuse pulmonary ossification is of no prognostic significance in pulmonary fibrosis. It is a marker of the chronicity and/or severity of the fibrosis.
Discrimination against the isotope 13C occurs during photosynthesis. Its magnitude (CID) can be interpreted as a measure of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) for a species or genotype. Container ...grown coffee plants were subjected to one of 3 irrigation regimes, twice daily, twice weekly, and weekly. Intrinsic WUE derived from CID increased with less frequent irrigation; while instantaneous WUE estimated from independent measurements of transpiration and assimilation decreased. The reasons for the discrepancy are discussed. It is also noted that values of CID predicted from the ratio of intracellular to ambient partial pressures of CO2 were not always consistent with measured foliar CID. Factors such as these are not independent of the life history and environmental circumstances of the plants involved.
Diffuse pulmonary ossification is a rare entity that presents with the formation of mature bone in the pulmonary parenchyma and is associated with diffuse and chronic lung disease, heart disease, or ...other system disorders. Diffuse pulmonary ossification is usually a postmortem finding by the pathologist. In the case we report, the diagnosis was established by open lung biopsy. The patient was a 79-year-old man with dyspnea, dry cough, and weight loss. He had been a smoker. A chest x-ray revealed reticulonodular bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Computed tomography revealed interstitial disease predominantly in the septum with multiple cavitations that tended to form honeycomb patterns. Pleural thickening, retraction of the parenchyma, and bilateral fibrosis were also visible. A clinical diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis was established and the patient's course was unfavorable. An open lung biopsy was performed. The lung tissue specimens revealed zones with collapsed alveoli and others with emphysema, some of which produced secretion and erythrocytic extravasation. Interstitial vascular congestion was apparent; bronchioles presented mononuclear and some polymorphonuclear inflammatory infiltrates. Noteworthy was the presence of predominantly interstitial, multicentric foci of osseous trabeculae-some of which included adipose bone marrow. Diffuse pulmonary ossification is usually an incidental finding in autopsies of patients with a history of diffuse chronic pulmonary disease, but it is an unusual diagnosis in living patients. Diffuse pulmonary ossification is of no prognostic significance in pulmonary fibrosis. It is a marker of the chronicity and/or severity of the fibrosis.
La osificación pulmonar difusa es una rara entidad que consiste en la formación de hueso maduro en el parénquima pulmonar, asociada a patología pulmonar difusa y crónica, cardíaca o extracardiopulmonar. Esta entidad constituye habitualmente un hallazgo anatomopatológico
post mortem. En este caso se realiza el diagnóstico mediante biopsia pulmonar a cielo abierto.
Presentamos el caso de un varón de 79 años, con disnea, tos seca y pérdida de peso. Había sido fumador. En la radio-grafía de tórax se apreciaba un infiltrado pulmonar bilateral reticulonodulillar. La tomografía computarizada evidenció afectación intersticial con predominio septal y múltiples ca-vidades con tendencia a la panalización; engrosamiento pleural, retracción del parénquima y fibrosis bilateral. Se estableció el diagnóstico clínico de fibrosis intersticial idiopática, y el paciente evolucionó desfavorablemente. Se reali-zó una biopsia a cielo abierto. La biopsia pulmonar evidenció zonas de colapso alveolar y otras enfisematosas, algunas con secreción y extravasación eritrocitaria. Había vasocongestión intersticial; los bronquiolos presentaban infiltrado inflama-torio mononuclear y algunos polimorfonucleares. Llamaba la atención la presencia de trabéculas óseas, algunas que in-cluían la médula ósea, de tipo adiposo, en focos multicéntri-cos, predominantemente intersticiales.
La osificación pulmonar difusa constituye habitualmente un hallazgo incidental en autopsias de pacientes con antece-dentes de enfermedad pulmonar crónica difusa, siendo inu-sual el diagnóstico en un paciente vivo. La osificación pulmonar difusa no posee significación pronóstica en la fibrosis pulmonar. Constituye un signo de cronicidad y gravedad de la enfermedad.
Contributor contact details Duarte, O.; Siriphanich, J.; Saradhuldat, P. ...
Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits,
2011, Letnik:
4
Book Chapter
Primary amenorrhea and genital tuberculosis Crisosto, C; Fertilio, O; Segovia, S ...
Revista chilena de obstetricia y ginecología,
1977, Letnik:
42, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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