Task‐based functional magnetic resonance imaging (tfMRI) has developed as a common alternative in epilepsy surgery to the intracarotid amobarbital procedure, also known as the Wada procedure. Prior ...studies have implicated tfMRI as a comparable predictor of postsurgical cognitive outcomes. However, the predictive validity of tfMRI has not been established. This preregistered systematic review and meta‐analysis (CRD42020183563) synthesizes the literature predicting postsurgical cognitive outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) using tfMRI. The PubMed and PsycINFO literature databases were queried for English‐language articles published between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2020 associating tfMRI laterality indices or symmetry of task activation with outcomes in TLE. Their references were reviewed for additional relevant literature, and unpublished data from our center were incorporated. Nineteen studies were included in the meta‐analysis. tfMRI studies predicted postsurgical cognitive outcomes in left TLE (ρ̂ = −.27, 95% confidence interval CI = −.32 to −.23) but not right TLE (ρ̂ = −.02, 95% CI = −.08 to .03). Among studies of left TLE, language tfMRI studies were more robustly predictive of postsurgical cognitive outcomes (ρ̂ = −.27, 95% CI = −.33 to −.20) than memory tfMRI studies (ρ̂ = −.27, 95% CI = −.43 to −.11). Further moderation by cognitive outcome domain indicated language tfMRI predicted confrontation naming (ρ̂ = −.32, 95% CI = −.41 to −.22) and verbal memory (ρ̂ = −.26, 95% CI = −.35 to −.17) outcomes, whereas memory tfMRI forecasted only verbal memory outcomes (ρ̂ = −.37, 95% CI = −.57 to −.18). Surgery type, birth sex, level of education, age at onset, disease duration, and hemispheric language dominance moderated study outcomes. Sensitivity analyses suggested the interval of postsurgical follow‐up, and reporting and methodological practices influenced study outcomes as well. These findings intimate tfMRI is a modest predictor of outcomes in left TLE that should be considered in the context of a larger surgical workup.
There are numerous early-season pests of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., that are economically important, including tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds), and reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus ...reniformis (Linford & Oliveira). Both of these species have the potential to reduce plant growth and delay crop maturity, ultimately resulting in reduced yields. A field study was conducted during 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the influence of tillage, at-planting insecticide treatment, and nematicide treatment on pest management, cotton development, and yield. Treatment factors consisted of two levels of tillage (no-tillage and conventional tillage); seven levels of at-planting insecticide treatments (imidacloprid, imidacloprid plus thiodicarb, thiamethoxam, thiamethoxam plus abamectin, acephate plus terbufos, aldicarb, and an untreated control); and two levels of nematicide (no nematicide and 1,3-dichloropropene). There were no significant interactions between tillage, at-planting insecticide treatment, or nematicide for any parameters nor was there a difference in the main effect of nematicide on thrips control or damage. The main effects of tillage and at-planting insecticide treatment impacted thrips densities and damage. The no-tillage treatments and aldicarb in-furrow or acephate seed treatment plus terbufos in-furrow significantly reduced thrips populations. Early-season plant response was impacted by tillage and at-planting insecticide treatment; however, that did not result in significant yield differences. In regard to nematicide treatment, the use of 1,3-dichloropropene resulted in lower yields than the untreated.
Water conservation is an important factor for production of rice in the United States because of declining aquifer levels, but little research has been done to evaluate insect management in rice ...systems integrating water conservation practices. Rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is an important insect pest of rice in the U.S. Rice water weevil is a semiaquatic species that relies on flooded conditions to complete larval development, so water conservation practices are likely to impact their pest status. The study was conducted across the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain to compare rice water weevil population densities in different zones of a furrow irrigated rice field to a conventionally flooded rice field. All locations were sampled at 3, 4, and 5 wk after the initial irrigation. Larval densities were greatest in the lower end of furrow irrigated fields and in the adjacent flooded rice field compared with the upper and middle sections that did not hold standing water when averaged across three sample dates. Also, rice water weevil densities were greater during week five than week three. In terms of rice yields, the top third of furrow irrigated rice fields, the section that remained mostly dry, produced lower rough rice yields than all other sections and the flooded field. These results suggest that rice water weevil populations can be lower in a furrow irrigated rice system. As a result, more research is needed to determine whether a spatial management plan can be developed based on soil moisture zones in furrow irrigated rice.
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•The Rajini tribe is revised to exclude Rostroraja alba and AAA.•A new tribe Rostrorajini is proposed resulting in three monophyletic rajid lineages.•mtDNA joins sister taxa ...Beringraja binoculata and B. pulchra.•The shared trait of multiple embryos per egg capsule arose once in skates.•B. binoculata have 1–8 embryos per egg capsule in nature, with 2 occurring most frequently in captivity.
The systematics of the skates in the family Rajidae have been contentious for over 250years, with most studies inferring relationships among geographically clustered species, and non-overlapping taxa and data sets. Rajid skates are oviparous, and lay egg capsules with a single embryo. However, two species exhibit a derived form of egg laying, with multiple embryos per egg capsule. We provide a molecular assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of skates in the family Rajidae based on three mitochondrial genes. The resulting topology supports monophyly the family. However the genusRajais polyphyletic, and several species assemblages need to be revised. We propose a new assemblage, the Rostrajini, which organizesrajid species into three well-supported tribal lineages for the first time. Further, these data provide an independent assessment of monophyly for the two species exhibiting multiple embryos per egg capsule, supporting their status as the unique genusBeringraja. In addition, we find that among the different size classes of egg capsules, ranging from 1 to 8 embryos per capsule in this genus, there is variation in frequency and survivorship. InBeringraja binoculata, the strategy of having two embryos per egg capsule occurs most frequently and with the highest fitness.
In this book Iain Crow provides an accessible overview of the concepts of treatment and rehabilitation, adopting a deliberately broad definition, and considers the historical basis of treatment, and ...its place within the penal system and British criminology.
The aim of the study was to determine if listening to music may reduce anxiety experienced by stroke patients during acute rehabilitation.
A prospective, nonblinded, randomized study in an inpatient ...rehabilitation setting.
Fifty participants were randomized into two groups: (1) 1 hour of music (intervention) or (2) no music (control). All participants completed pretest anxiety and depression screening and 44 completed the posttest anxiety screening. Differences between groups were determined using chi-square and t tests.
After listening to music for 1 hour, participants who completed the posttest (n = 44) reported significantly less anxiety (p < .0001) compared to before the intervention. The control group showed no difference in their pre- and posttest anxiety scores (p = .84). No differences were determined among age, gender, or diagnostic groups.
These findings demonstrate that music intervention may help lessen anxiety in rehabilitation patients poststroke.
Offering musical intervention to stroke patients in rehabilitation may lessen symptoms of anxiety.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder frequently associated with cognitive deficits. Despite cognitive deficits being a key feature of NF1, the profile of such impairments in ...NF1 has been shown to be heterogeneous. Thus, we sought to quantitatively synthesize the extant literature on cognitive functioning in NF1. A random-effects meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies was carried out comparing cognitive functioning of patients with NF1 to typically developing or unaffected sibling comparison subjects of all ages. Analyses included 50 articles (Total N
= 1,522; M
= 15.70 years, range = 0.52-69.60), yielding 460 effect sizes. Overall moderate deficits were observed g = -0.64, 95% CI = (-0.69, -0.60) wherein impairments differed at the level of cognitive domain. Deficits ranged from large general intelligence: g = -0.95, 95% CI = (-1.12, -0.79) to small emotion: g = -0.37, 95% CI = (-0.63, -0.11). Moderation analyses revealed nonsignificant contributions of age, sex, educational attainment, and parental level of education to outcomes. These results illustrate that cognitive impairments are diffuse and salient across the lifespan in NF1. Taken together, these results further demonstrate efforts should be made to evaluate and address cognitive morbidity in patients with NF1 in conjunction with existing best practices.
Checklists Save Lives Crow, D. Ray
2020 IEEE IAS Electrical Safety Workshop (ESW),
2020-March
Conference Proceeding
Checklists are widely used in the Aircraft Industry, Critical Maintenance Facilities, Navy Submarine Service, NASA, Hospital and Operating Rooms. Checklists are important to be included as a ...requirement in your electrical safety program to ensure critical steps for safety are not missed.
Hox genes are master regulatory genes that specify positional identities during axial development in animals. Discoveries regarding their concerted expression patterns have commanded intense interest ...due to their complex regulation and specification of body plan features in jawed vertebrates. For example, the posterior HoxD genes switch to an inverted collinear expression pattern in the mouse autopod where HoxD13 switches from a more restricted to a less restricted domain relative to its neighboring gene on the cluster. We refer to this program as the 'distal phase' (DP) expression pattern because it occurs in distal regions of paired fins and limbs, and is regulated independently by elements in the 5' region upstream of the HoxD cluster. However, few taxa have been evaluated with respect to this pattern, and most studies have focused on pectoral fin morphogenesis, which occurs relatively early in development.
Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the DP expression pattern occurs with the posterior HoxA genes, and is therefore not solely associated with the HoxD gene cluster. Further, DP Hox expression is not confined to paired fins and limbs, but occurs in a variety of body plan features, including paddlefish barbels - sensory adornments that develop from the first mandibular arch (the former 'Hox-free zone), and the vent (a medial structure that is analogous to a urethra). We found DP expression of HoxD13 and HoxD12 in the paddlefish barbel; and we present the first evidence for DP expression of the HoxA genes in the hindgut and vent of three ray-finned fishes. The HoxA DP expression pattern is predicted by the recent finding of a shared 5' regulatory architecture in both the HoxA and HoxD clusters, but has not been previously observed in any body plan feature.
The Hox DP expression pattern appears to be an ancient module that has been co-opted in a variety of structures adorning the vertebrate bauplan. This module provides a shared genetic program that implies deep homology of a variety of distally elongated structures that has played a significant role in the evolution of morphological diversity in vertebrates.
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