Increasingly urbanized populations and corresponding consumption changes cause emissions to rise. However, their contributions in quantity have been less studied compared to the empirical ...econometrical tests. Here, we use a factor-reversible structural decomposition method featuring input–output analysis to explore the impacts of urbanization and changes in consumption patterns on incremental household carbon emissions, focusing on sectoral emissions. We found that urbanization and changes in consumption patterns contributed to emissions. Electricity and heating providers, and the transportation sector, contributed the most emissions. Mitigation policies are required, as are structural economic changes and the fostering of green procurement and consumption.
Amine-functionalized g-C3N4 shows enhanced CO2 photoreduction performance, due to the improved CO2 adsorption capacity.
•Amine-functionalized g-C3N4 is prepared by simple monoethanolamine ...treatment.•The functionalized g-C3N4 shows enhanced CO2 photoreduction activity.•The enhanced activity is due to the improved CO2 adsorption capacity.
Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels using semiconductor photocatalysts has attracted great attention, which is considered as a promising approach to resolve the energy shortage and greenhouse effect. In this work, amine-functionalized g-C3N4 was prepared by heating urea at 500°C, with a subsequent functionalization treatment by monoethanolamine solution. The amine-functionalized g-C3N4 exhibits improved photocatalytic performance on CO2 photoreduction, which can be attributed to the enhanced CO2 adsorption capacity. The optimized photocatalyst shows much higher CO2 conversion efficiency as compared to pure g-C3N4 under the same conditions, with a CH4-production rate of 0.34μmolh−1g−1 and CH3OH-production rate of 0.28μmolh−1g−1. This work demonstrates the surface amine functionalization is a successful strategy to improve the CO2 adsorption capacity of g-C3N4 for the enhancement of CO2 photoreduction activity.
•Polymer grouting trenchless repairing technique of drainage pipe is proposed.•Mechanical behaviour of drainage pipe repaired by polymer grouting is investigated.•The repaired effect of polymer ...grouting pipe is better than the concrete grouting.
Polymer grouting technology is an economical and efficient trenchless way to repair leakage and settlement of drainage pipeline. In this paper, the mechanical behaviours of drainage pipeline under traffic load before and after polymer grouting and cement grouting trenchless repairing are investigated through three-dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM). Four different working conditions, including normal pipeline, disengaging pipeline, polymer-repaired pipeline, and cement-repaired pipeline are considered. The effects of load type, load location, buried depth on the mechanics of pipe are discussed in detail. The results show that the traffic load has great impact on both sides of the load position within 4 m, and the dangerous points of the pipeline are located at the bell and spigot joints. The most unfavorable condition occurs when the location of the disengaging corresponding to the load position. The greater influence on the disengaging pipeline with deeper buried depth applied. The disengaging pipeline can be repairing effectively and reliably by both the polymer and the cement grouting technology. However, the polymer material is more valuable than the cement material in terms of the Mises stresses after repairing.
The aim of this study is to explore the impact of professional training on teaching innovation among senior high school ideological and political teachers. By introducing the concept of basic ...psychological needs satisfaction as a mediating factor, the study seeks to uncover the mechanisms and patterns that manifest in teaching innovation within the Chinese cultural context. To gather empirical data, a questionnaire survey was administered to a sample of 780 teachers in this specialized field. The results showed that providing more professional training is an effective way to enhance teaching innovation. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (competence, relatedness, and autonomy) was found to play an important role in this process. Competence need satisfaction and relatedness need satisfaction played a mediating role, while autonomy need satisfaction played a moderating role. Based on these findings, several recommendations are provided to support the professional training of senior high school ideological and political teachers and enhance their innovation, including providing personalized training programs, building a mentor system, and allowing greater autonomy in school management.
Tin dioxide (SnO2) has been demonstrated as an effective electron-transporting layer (ETL) for attaining high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the numerous trap states in ...low-temperature solution processed SnO2 will reduce the PSCs performance and result in serious hysteresis. Here, we report a strategy to improve the electronic properties in SnO2 through a facile treatment of the films with adding a small amount of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). We demonstrate that the photogenerated electrons in GQDs can transfer to the conduction band of SnO2. The transferred electrons from the GQDs will effectively fill the electron traps as well as improve the conductivity of SnO2, which is beneficial for improving the electron extraction efficiency and reducing the recombination at the ETLs/perovskite interface. The device fabricated with SnO2:GQDs could reach an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.2 ± 1.0% and a highest steady-state PCE of 20.23% with very little hysteresis. Our study provides an effective way to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells through improving the electronic properties of SnO2.
Different from conventional phased-array providing only angle-dependent beampattern, frequency diverse array (FDA) produces angle-range-dependent and time-variant transmit beampattern. Existing ...investigations show that FDA offers improved performance in interference suppression and target localization, but the time-variant beampattern will bring interferences to subsequent matched filtering. More seriously, the range-dependent signal phase may be canceled out in the filtering process. In fact, traditional single-channel receiver does not fully exploit the multicarrier feature in FDA signals. In this paper, we propose a multichannel matched filtering structure with considering the time-variance property for receiving pulsed-FDA signals. A coherent pulsed-FDA radar signal model to deal with the angle-range-dependent and time-variance problem is devised under additive colored Gaussian noise scenarios, followed by the corresponding waveform design principle. Moreover, closed-form expressions of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and Cramér-Rao bounds for angle and range are derived. The proposed receiver design approach and corresponding theoretical performance derivations are verified by extensive numerical results.
To understand and analyze the prevalence and treatment of hypertension among residents aged 45 years and older in northern and southern Anhui Province to provide an opportunity to improve awareness, ...taking into account and standardizing hypertension management. Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, Anhui Province was divided into northern and southern Anhui regions using the Yangtze River as the boundary. The prevalence rate, awareness rate, treatment rate, control rate, related risk factors and complications of hypertension in the community population aged ≥ 45 years in Anhui Province were investigated using a questionnaire survey and a physical examination. The chi-square test was used to analyze the regional differences in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates. Weighted logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for hypertension. A total of 1331 residents aged ≥ 45 years were included. The results showed that the overall prevalence of hypertension in the Anhui Province population aged ≥ 45 years was 47.48% (50.73% in northern Anhui and 43.21% in southern Anhui), and the prevalence of hypertension in northern Anhui was higher than that in southern Anhui. The survey showed that the overall hypertension awareness rate in Anhui Province was 59.67%, the hypertension treatment rate was 44.46%, and the hypertension control rate was 30.70%. The differences between the 2 regions was statistically significant. The hypertension awareness, treatment and control rates in southern Anhui were higher than those in northern Anhui (P < .05). The risk factors for hypertension were older age, rural residence, male, obesity, low education level, high salt diet, smoking, excessive drinking, poor sleep, insufficient exercise, a family history of hypertension, a history of diabetes, and a history of hyperlipidemia. The most common complication of hypertension in middle-aged and elderly people in Anhui Province was cerebrovascular disease, followed by cardiovascular disease. Calcium channel blockers were the most commonly used antihypertensive drugs in middle-aged and elderly people in Anhui Province, followed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker receptor antagonists.
Certain sectors and paths along supply chains play a critical role in climate change mitigation. We develope a consumption-based framework, which combines input–output analysis, a power-of-pull ...approach and structural path analysis, and applied it to supply chain networks derived from 2010 and 2012 Jing-Jin-Ji interregional input–output tables. The aim of this study is to identify (1) the key economic sectors for controlling carbon emissions and their changes, (2) the critical directions from a carbon-pulling sector to the emissions of key economic sectors, and (3) the paths with the largest carbon emissions flux in these critical directions. Our results show that the key sectors are from Hebei and Tianjin, more concentrated in Hebei. Most sectors have the largest pulling power over their own carbon emissions, and within-region connections dominated in the emission network, with a stronger tie between Beijing and the other two regions. Critical paths along carbon-pulling directions are located in tiers 0 and 1. Our framework can provide new insight into the creation of carbon emissions control policies.
•IOA, PoP and SPA were integrated to identify key sectors and paths.•Critical sectors and paths were identified in Jing-Jin-Ji area.•Energy and raw material providers should be controlled.•Hebei and Tianjin pull the carbon emissions.
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. As the key regulator of ferroptosis, GPX4 has attracted considerable attention in the fields of cancer, ...cardiovascular, and neuroscience research in the past 10 years. How to regulate GPX4 activity has become a hot topic nowadays. GPX4 protein level is regulated transcriptionally by transcription factor SP2 or Nrf2. GPX4 activity can be upregulated by supplementing intracellular selenium or glutathione, and also be inhibited by ferroptosis inducers such as ML162 and RSL3. These regulatory mechanisms of GPX4 level/activity have already shown a great potential for treating ferroptosis-related diseases in preclinical studies, especially in cancer cells. Until recently, research show that GPX4 can undergo post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ubiquitination, succination, phosphorylation, and glycosylation. PTMs of GPX4 affect the protein level/activity of GPX4, indicating that modifying these processes can be a potential therapy for treating ferroptosis-related diseases. This article summarizes the protein characteristics, enzyme properties, and PTMs of GPX4. It also provides a hypothetical idea for treating ferroptosis-related diseases by targeting the PTMs of GPX4.
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of new anticoagulants and warfarin in the prevention of stroke in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
The Markov model was constructed to compare ...patients' quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) using drug cost, the cost of the examination after taking a drug, and the incremental cost of other treatments. Both dabigatran (110 and 150 mg, twice a day) and rivaroxaban (20 mg, once a day) were compared with warfarin (3-6 mg, once a day). Willingness to pay, three times the 2018 China GDP per capita (9481.88 $), was the cost-effect threshold in our study.
The total cost were was 5317.31$, 29673.33$, 23615.49$, and 34324.91$ for warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran 110 mg bid, and dabigatran 150 mg bid, respectively. The QALYs for each of the four interventions were 11.07 years, 15.46 years, 12.4 years, and 15 years, respectively. The cost-effectiveness analysis of the three new oral anticoagulants and warfarin showed that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was 5548.07$/QALY when rivaroxaban was compared with warfarin. Rivaroxaban was the most cost-effective choice and warfarin was the least.
In Chinese patients with AF, although warfarin is cheaper, rivaroxaban has a better cost-effectiveness advantage from an economic point of view.
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