Data processing and learning has become a spearhead for the advancement of medicine, with pathology and laboratory medicine has no exception. The incorporation of scientific research through clinical ...informatics, including genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, and biostatistics, into clinical practice unlocks innovative approaches for patient care. Computational pathology is burgeoning subspecialty in pathology that promises a better-integrated solution to whole-slide images, multi-omics data, and clinical informatics. However, computational pathology faces several challenges, including the ability to integrate raw data from different sources, limitation of hardware processing capacity, and a lack of specific training programs, as well as issues on ethics and larger societal acceptable practices that are still solidifying. The establishment of the entire industry of computational pathology requires far-reaching changes of the three essential elements connecting patients and doctors: the local laboratory, the scan center, and the central cloud hub/portal for data processing and retrieval. Computational pathology, unlocked through information integration and advanced digital communication networks, has the potential to improve clinical workflow efficiency, diagnostic quality, and ultimately create personalized diagnosis and treatment plans for patients. This review describes clinical perspectives and discusses the statistical methods, clinical applications, potential obstacles, and future directions of computational pathology.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication is anticipated to be widely applied in the forthcoming fifth-generation wireless networks, due to its many advantages such as low cost, high mobility, and ...on-demand deployment. However, the broadcast and line-of-sight nature of air-to-ground wireless channels give rise to a new challenge on how to realize secure UAV communications with the destined nodes on the ground. This paper aims to tackle this challenge by applying the physical layer security technique. We consider both the downlink and uplink UAV communications with a ground node, namely, UAV-to-ground (U2G) and ground-to-UAV (G2U) communications, respectively, subject to a potential eavesdropper on the ground. In contrast to the existing literature on the wireless physical layer security only with the ground nodes at fixed or quasi-static locations, we exploit the high mobility of the UAV to proactively establish favorable and degraded channels for the legitimate and eavesdropping links, through its trajectory design. We formulate new problems to maximize the average secrecy rates of the U2G and G2U transmissions, by jointly optimizing the UAV's trajectory, and the transmit power of the legitimate transmitter over a given flight period of the UAV. Although the formulated problems are non-convex, we propose iterative algorithms to solve them efficiently by applying the block coordinate descent and successive convex optimization methods. Specifically, both the transmit power and UAV trajectory are optimized, with the other being fixed in an alternating manner, until the algorithms converge. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can improve the secrecy rates for both U2G and G2U communications, as compared to other benchmark schemes without power control and/or trajectory optimization.
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for people worldwide. To combat the virus, one of the most dramatic measures was the lockdown of 4 billion people in what is ...believed to be the largest quasi-quarantine in human history. As a response to the call to study information behavior during a global health crisis, we adopted a resource orchestration perspective to investigate six Chinese families who survived the lockdown. We explored how elderly, young and middle-aged individuals and children resourced information and how they adapted their information behavior to emerging online technologies. Two information resource orchestration practices (information resourcing activities and information behavior adaptation activities) and three mechanisms (online emergence and convergence in community resilience, the overcoming of information flow impediments, and the application of absorptive capacity) were identified in the study.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are anticipated to be widely deployed in future wireless communications, due to their advantages of high mobility and easy deployment. However, the broadcast nature of ...airto-ground line-of-sight wireless channels brings a new challenge to the information security of UAV-ground communication. This paper tackles such a challenge in the physical layer by exploiting the mobility of UAV via its trajectory design. We consider a UAV-ground communication system with multiple potential eavesdroppers on the ground, where the information on the locations of the eavesdroppers is imperfect. We formulate an optimization problem, which maximizes the average worst case secrecy rate of the system by jointly designing the robust trajectory and transmit power of the UAV over a given flight duration. The nonconvexity of the optimization problem and the imperfect location information of the eavesdroppers make the problem difficult to be solved optimally. We propose an iterative suboptimal algorithm to solve this problem efficiently by applying the block coordinate descent method, S-procedure, and successive convex optimization method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the average worst case secrecy rate significantly, as compared to two other benchmark algorithms without robust design.
Following injury, cells in regenerative tissues have the ability to regrow. The mechanisms whereby regenerating cells adapt to injury-induced stress conditions and activate the regenerative program ...remain to be defined. Here, using the mammalian neonatal heart regeneration model, we show that Nrf1, a stress-responsive transcription factor encoded by the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like 1 (Nfe2l1) gene, is activated in regenerating cardiomyocytes. Genetic deletion of Nrf1 prevented regenerating cardiomyocytes from activating a transcriptional program required for heart regeneration. Conversely, Nrf1 overexpression protected the adult mouse heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Nrf1 also protected human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and other cardiotoxins. The protective function of Nrf1 is mediated by a dual stress response mechanism involving activation of the proteasome and redox balance. Our findings reveal that the adaptive stress response mechanism mediated by Nrf1 is required for neonatal heart regeneration and confers cardioprotection in the adult heart.
The novel magnetic biochar (MBC), derived from co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and biomass loading nanosized iron oxide particles, was used as an environmentally friendly adsorbent. The loading of ...magnetic particles was in favor of increasing the adsorption capacity and separation from aqueous system for biochar (BC). The physical/chemical characteristics of MBC were revealed by elemental analysis, VSM, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, zeta potential, and batch adsorption-desorption experiments. The nanosized γ-Fe
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particles grown on the surface of biochar showed ferromagnetic property. For the remediation of Cu(II) contamination, MBC-5 showed remarkable adsorption capacity of 67.68 mg/g, and presented a wide pH range of 3.0–6.0. The Langmuir isothermal and pseudo-second-order model could describe adsorption process well. The adsorption mechanism of Cu(II) involved physical adsorption, ion exchange, and electrostatic surface complexation on the surface of MBCs. In the desorption experiments, MBC-5 holds the adsorption efficiency of 81.09% after fifth recycle still, which illustrated a remarkable performance of cyclic utilization by the solid waste of sewage sludge and biomass.
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Dense nano-grained Ni
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negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistors were fabricated by a novel two-step sintering approach that combines rapid sintering and principle of ...conventional two-step sintering technique. Samples were sintered at 1042 °C for 30 s in the first rapid step and then at 850–950 °C for 20 h in the second soaking step. Crystal phase, microstructure and electrical properties of sintered samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), resistance temperature relationship and aging performance. Sintered samples show a single-phase cubic spinel structure and indicate a high relative density ranging from 84% to 91% of the theoretical density. Moreover, average grain sizes of sintered samples under SEM are distributed between 254 and 570 nm. Meanwhile, the resistivity and the aging coefficient significantly decrease when soaking sintering temperature rises. In addition, the obtained material constant (
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-3 (soaking at 900 °C) and Ni
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Mn
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-4 (soaking at 950 °C) present little aging behavior, implying great electrical stability.
Abstract To explore the multiparameter precursor characteristics of pre- and post-coal burst. Based on a coal burst of LW 1305 in the Zhaolou Coal Mine, an early warning method combining ...stress‒strain curve and microseismic multiparameter is proposed. The research results show that coal burst was induced by the intrinsic static high-stress concentration and the strong external impact loading generated by fracturing of the key stratum. The precursors mainly characterize the enhancement trend of the S value, the sudden and sharp increase in the A(t) value, the continuous and abnormal decrease in the b value, the increasing absolute value of Z sharply and larger than 2, the continuous and abnormal decrease in the Qt value, and the dominant frequency moving to the low-frequency band. Essentially, many micro-fissures inside the key stratum initiated, converged and connected to form macro-fractures, which was verified by the attenuation rate of the K value. Considering the time-varying effect of the overlying stratum movement, the curves of the six parameters agree well with those of stress vs. strain, which indicates that it is reasonable to take the observed zone as a whole system to investigate the variation in the multiple parameters and fracturing of the key stratum. The research results can be applied to the monitoring, early warning and control of coal burst so that effective safety measures can be taken in real time.
•We utilize the notion of resource orchestration as a theoretical lens to investigate the nature of the adoption process.•To adopt e-commerce, manufacturers must develop corresponding capabilities ...according to the environment by orchestrating resources.•Resource orchestration plays a critical role in capability development.•Resource orchestration bridges resources and dynamic capabilities.
Although an increasing number of manufacturing enterprises have engaged in e-commerce activities in recent years, there are few successful examples. We utilize the notion of resource orchestration as a theoretical lens through which to investigate the nature of the e-commerce adoption process. The findings generate a process model that can be used to explain how resources are orchestrated in the successful adoption of e-commerce by manufacturers: the predominant competitive environment of each phase gives rise to a specific focal capability that is developed through resource-focused actions. This research benefits both academics and practitioners by contributing to cumulative theoretical developments and by offering practical insights.
The adult mammalian heart has limited capacity for regeneration following injury, whereas the neonatal heart can readily regenerate within a short period after birth. Neonatal heart regeneration is ...orchestrated by multiple cell types intrinsic to the heart, as well as immune cells that infiltrate the heart after injury. To elucidate the transcriptional responses of the different cellular components of the mouse heart following injury, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on neonatal hearts at various time points following myocardial infarction and couple the results with bulk tissue RNA-sequencing data collected at the same time points. Concomitant single-cell ATAC sequencing exposes underlying dynamics of open chromatin landscapes and regenerative gene regulatory networks of diverse cardiac cell types and reveals extracellular mediators of cardiomyocyte proliferation, angiogenesis, and fibroblast activation. Together, our data provide a transcriptional basis for neonatal heart regeneration at single-cell resolution and suggest strategies for enhancing cardiac function after injury.
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•scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq atlases of neonatal heart regeneration•Crosstalk of heterogeneous cell populations during regeneration•Unique epicardial secreted factors involved in angiogenesis and fibrosis•Macrophage secreted factor CLCF1 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation
Using single-cell sequencing technologies, Wang et al. present single-cell databases of gene expression and open chromatin landscapes of heart cells during murine neonatal heart regeneration. Comparing the injury responses of regenerative and non-regenerative hearts reveals gene regulatory networks, cellular crosstalk, and secreted factors involved in the regeneration process.
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