As adult instruction becomes a more common part of library practice, librarians need guidance in an area that may not always have been a part of their library science education.
Some mitochondrial long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are encoded by nuclear DNA, but the mechanisms that mediate their transport to mitochondria are poorly characterized. Using affinity RNA pull-down ...followed by mass spectrometry analysis, we found two RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), HuR (human antigen R) and GRSF1 (G-rich RNA sequence-binding factor 1), that associated with the nuclear DNA-encoded lncRNA RMRP and mobilized it to mitochondria. In cultured human cells, HuR bound RMRP in the nucleus and mediated its CRM1 (chromosome region maintenance 1)-dependent export to the cytosol. After RMRP was imported into mitochondria, GRSF1 bound RMRP and increased its abundance in the matrix. Loss of GRSF1 lowered the mitochondrial levels of RMRP, in turn suppressing oxygen consumption rates and modestly reducing mitochondrial DNA replication priming. Our findings indicate that RBPs HuR and GRSF1 govern the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial localization of the lncRNA RMRP, which is encoded by nuclear DNA but has key functions in mitochondria.
This study examined if people's own beliefs regarding the malleability of traits is influenced by the beliefs of surrounding others. Consistent with the idea of social contagion, people who read a ...vignette of someone espousing an incremental view (i.e., perceive traits as malleable) were more likely to endorse an incremental view themselves than those who read a vignette of someone with an entity view (i.e., perceive traits as fixed). Results indicated this contagion effect is not domain specific and can spread from one skill domain (e.g., athletics) to another (e.g., mathematics). Furthermore, others who espoused an incremental view were perceived to be more inspiring and therefore more likely to serve as positive role models than those who espoused an entity view. Overall, these results provide a bridge between the largely disparate literature areas of implicit trait beliefs, social contagion, and role models and indicate one potential source for the origination of these trait beliefs.
•Examined effect if incremental and entity beliefs are socially contagious.•People adopted incremental view after exposure to incremental other.•This contagion effect spread from one domain to another (not domain specific).•The incremental other was more likely to serve as role model than the entity other.•This work bridges literatures on trait beliefs, social contagion and role models.
Peripheral insulin resistance is linked to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading in part to the production of reactive lipid aldehydes that modify the side chains of protein amino ...acids in a reaction termed protein carbonylation. The primary enzymatic method for lipid aldehyde detoxification is via glutathione S-transferase A4 (GSTA4) dependent glutathionylation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of GSTA4 and the role(s) of protein carbonylation in adipocyte function.
GSTA4-silenced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and GSTA4-null mice were evaluated for metabolic processes, mitochondrial function, and reactive oxygen species production. GSTA4 expression in human obesity was evaluated using microarray analysis.
GSTA4 expression is selectively downregulated in adipose tissue of obese insulin-resistant C57BL/6J mice and in human obesity-linked insulin resistance. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased GSTA4 expression, and silencing GSTA4 mRNA in cultured adipocytes resulted in increased protein carbonylation, increased mitochondrial ROS, dysfunctional state 3 respiration, and altered glucose transport and lipolysis. Mitochondrial function in adipocytes of lean or obese GSTA4-null mice was significantly compromised compared with wild-type controls and was accompanied by an increase in superoxide anion.
These results indicate that downregulation of GSTA4 in adipose tissue leads to increased protein carbonylation, ROS production, and mitochondrial dysfunction and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Hantaviruses, causal agents of the potentially lethal hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, have widely distributed rodent hosts. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we tested blood from 398 wild ...rodents captured in eastern New Mexico, US in 2015-17 and found 42 antibody-positive samples representing six genera.
Protein Carbonylation and Adipocyte Mitochondrial Function Curtis, Jessica M.; Hahn, Wendy S.; Stone, Matthew D. ...
Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry,
09/2012, Letnik:
287, Številka:
39
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Carbonylation is the covalent, non-reversible modification of the side chains of cysteine, histidine, and lysine residues by lipid peroxidation end products such as 4-hydroxy- and 4-oxononenal. In ...adipose tissue the effects of such modifications are associated with increased oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation centered on mitochondrial energy metabolism. To address the role of protein carbonylation in the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, quantitative proteomics was employed to identify specific targets of carbonylation in GSTA4-silenced or overexpressing 3T3-L1 adipocytes. GSTA4-silenced adipocytes displayed elevated carbonylation of several key mitochondrial proteins including the phosphate carrier protein, NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplexes 2 and 3, translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 50, and valyl-tRNA synthetase. Elevated protein carbonylation is accompanied by diminished complex I activity, impaired respiration, increased superoxide production, and a reduction in membrane potential without changes in mitochondrial number, area, or density. Silencing of the phosphate carrier or NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplexes 2 or 3 in 3T3-L1 cells results in decreased basal and maximal respiration. These results suggest that protein carbonylation plays a major instigating role in cytokine-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and may be linked to the development of insulin resistance in the adipocyte.
Background: Mitochondrial proteins are covalently modified with bioactive lipids (carbonylation) resulting in reduced metabolic function.
Results: iTRAQ-based proteomics identified the phosphate carrier and subunits of Complex I as critical carbonylation targets.
Conclusion: Oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction through targeted lipid modification of critical proteins involved in phosphate and electron transport.
Significance: Identification of carbonylation targets enables evaluation of specific protein modification on mitochondrial function.
The following describes a journey of collaboration across disciplines to support Universal Design for Learning (UDL) curriculum and assessment enhancements in an Elementary Education teacher ...preparation program within a college of education (COE). As a collaborative partner with a public university in Florida, a public state college in Florida completed a review and enhancement of the Elementary Education teacher preparation curriculum using "The Roadmap for Educator Preparation Reform" to create an overt and measured use of the Universal Design for Learning framework. This project was supported through a grant from the Florida Department of Education FLDOE 171-5015A-8CC01.
Depression is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple aetiological pathways and multiple therapeutic targets. This study aims to determine whether atypical depression (AD) characterized by reversed ...neurovegetative symptoms is associated with a more pernicious course and a different sociodemographic, lifestyle, and comorbidity profile than nonatypical depression (nonAD).
Among 157 366 adults who completed the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ), N = 37 434 (24%) met the DSM-5 criteria for probable lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form. Participants reporting both hypersomnia and weight gain were classified as AD cases (N = 2305), and the others as nonAD cases (N = 35 129). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine differences between AD and nonAD in depression features, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, lifetime adversities, psychiatric and physical comorbidities.
Persons with AD experienced an earlier age of depression onset, longer, more severe and recurrent episodes, and higher help-seeking rates than nonAD persons. AD was associated with female gender, unhealthy behaviours (smoking, social isolation, low physical activity), more lifetime deprivation and adversity, higher rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome. Sensitivity analyses comparing AD persons with those having typical neurovegetative symptoms (hyposomnia and weight loss) revealed similar results.
These findings highlight the clinical and public health significance of AD as a chronic form of depression, associated with high comorbidity and lifetime adversity. Our findings have implications for predicting depression course and comorbidities, guiding research on aetiological mechanisms, planning service use and informing therapeutic approaches.
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