The mechanisms of action of estradiol in the nervous system involve nuclear-initiated steroid signaling and membrane-initiated steroid signaling. Estrogen receptors (ERs) are involved in both ...mechanisms. ERα interacts with the signaling of IGF-1 receptor in neural cells: ERα transcriptional activity is regulated by IGF-1 receptor signaling and estradiol regulates IGF-1 receptor signaling. The interaction between ERα and the IGF-1 receptor in the brain may occur at the plasma membrane of neurons and glial cells. Caveolin-1 may provide the scaffolding for the interaction of different membrane-associated molecules, including voltage-dependent anion channel, ERα and IGF-I receptor.
Introducción y objetivos: La práctica de la restauración es una fuente de valiosa experiencia que, analizada y difundida, contribuye a la mejora de las intervenciones de recuperación de espacios ...degradados. Desde esta concepción, en este trabajo evaluamos una plantación de Prosopis denudans var. denudans en una zona árida ubicada en el Área Protegida Auca Mahuida (Neuquén, Argentina). Los objetivos fueron: analizar el efecto de las aplicaciones de hidrogel a los 11 meses de la siembra y determinar la incidencia de depredación de vertebrados herbívoros en el mismo período. M&M: Se plantaron un total de 651 plantines de vivero distribuidos en dos canteras abandonadas. Aplicamos los tratamientos ½ l de hidrogel; 1 l de hidrogel y control (sin hidrogel) y protección vs no protección de malla metálica para evaluar supervivencia y predación. Los resultados fueron analizados con modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: La sobrevivencia fue significativamente mayor y estadísticamente diferente para plántulas con ½ l de hidrogel y malla metálica de protección. Las plantas protegidas no fueron predadas, y la supervivencia en plantas no protegidas se redujo en un 50% aproximadamente. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que las probabilidades de supervivencia pueden ser mayores con protectores frente a mamíferos herbívoros e hidrogel, en plantaciones de restauración. Sin embargo, es necesario incrementar los estudios sobre las relaciones entre el crecimiento radicular y dosis de hidrogeles en diferentes condiciones edáficas, particularmente en especies que pueden ser marco o fundantes para la recuperación de áreas degradadas.
New active packaging films based on chitosan (Qo) and a blend of Qo and quinoa-protein (EPQ) were developed. The films were printed with chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (NQos) and NQos loaded ...with thymol (NQoThs) using inkjet printing. Films were prepared by casting high-viscosity Qo and Qo/EPQ solutions (different ratios). Films suitable for printing were selected based on their mechanical properties and low levels of water uptake under simulated fresh-fruit storage conditions. The ionic gelation of low molecular weight Qo with tripolyphosphate produced 60-nm spherical nanoparticles, as seen with TEM. Before the NQoTh suspension was printed into films, 20% glycerol was added to modify the surface tension and kinematic viscosity of the suspension. Adding glycerol increased the Z-average and PDI by 24% and 12%, respectively, and decreased the Z-potential by 15%. Both NQoTh printed films had enhanced barrier properties compared with the control. The efficiency of thymol (Th) incorporation by inkjet printing was dependent on the number of printed layers, the contact angle, the amount of glycerol added to the dispersion, and the film type. Th release assays using Franz cells indicated continuous delivery from both films for 8 days. The differences in the Th-release profiles of the films were attributed to differences in NQoTh locations on the films. The NQoTh-printed films exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli than NQo-printed and control films. The utilisation of nanotech-printables can improve the functionality of films created from renewable biopolymers. This technology will also enable the development of new packaging materials to extend the shelf life of fresh fruits.
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•Qo 1.5% and blend Qo/EPQ films were suitable for printing process.•NQoTh-suspension was printed successfully on the films.•NQoTh-Printed films exhibited improved water vapour barrier properties.•Thymol-release profiles were locations dependent of NQoTh after its printing.•NQoTh-Films printed showed higher AM against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Lay Summary Associations between fear responses and changes in population sizes of birds vary with geographical location. Changes in population sizes were more positive for fearful populations ...northward, westward, and (marginally) toward the center of distribution areas and more negative for fearless populations toward the south, east, and the margins of distribution areas. These effects are important because they can enhance or compensate factors that reduce the sizes of bird populations.Animal populations are currently under pressure from multiple factors that include human land use and climate change. They may compensate for such effects by reducing, either by habituation or by natural selection, the distance at which they flee from humans (i.e., flight initiation distance), and this adaptation may improve their population trends. We analyzed population trends of common breeding birds in relation to flight initiation distance and geographical location (latitude, longitude, and marginality of the breeding distribution) across European countries from Finland in the north to Spain in the south while also considering other potential predictors of trends like farmland habitat, migration, body size, and brain size. We found evidence of farmland, migratory, and smaller-sized species showing stronger population declines. In contrast, there was no significant effect of relative brain size on population trends. We did not find evidence for main effects of flight initiation distance and geographical location on trends after accounting for confounding and interactive effects; instead, flight initiation distance and location interacted to generate complex spatial patterns of population trends. Trends were more positive for fearful populations northward, westward, and (marginally) toward the center of distribution areas and more negative for fearless populations toward the south, east, and the margins of distribution ranges. These findings suggest that it is important to consider differences in population trends among countries, but also interaction effects among factors, because such interactions can enhance or compensate for negative effects of other factors on population trends.
Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate mortality and survival rates of patients aged 65 years or older who sustained a hip fracture and were treated at a hospital in Bogotá, Colombia, after ...the establishment of an Orthogeriatric Program. Method: In total, 298 patients were treated according to the program’s protocol. The primary outcome was 1-year mortality. Mortality predictors were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model, and survival was measured with Kaplan–Meier analysis. Results: The annual survival rate increased from 80% to 89% (p = .039) 4 years after its implementation. There was a significant decrease in mortality risk (Hazard Ratio = 0.54, p = .049). Arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, history of myocardial infarction, and age greater than 85 years were predictors of mortality. Discussion: This is the first study in Latin America to show decreased mortality rates 1 year after the implementation of an Orthogeriatric Program. Our rates were lower than developed countries, suggesting the existence of additional factors that influence long-term outcomes.
Financial markets currently offer various investment alternatives, including a variety of assets, which are differentiated by the level of profitability, liquidity, volatility and trading volume ...associated with them, among other characteristics of the market; it which implies that investors use various tools to choose optimal investments incurring a level of risk. Given the above, this paper presents a model of efficient portfolio optimization based on Markowitz's theory, using EWMA methodology for the calculation of portfolio risk.
Introduction: Central disorders with hypersomnolence (CDH) are a group of sleep disorders characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) that can be related to REM-sleep dissociative symptoms. ...They have a low prevalence in the population and may not be explained by other medical conditions. Materials and methods: A cohort of 59 Chilean patients with the most common types of CDH were studied. Clinical data, and results of polysomnography (PSG) plus multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) were analyzed.. Results: The median age of the cohort was 35.26 ± 13.23 years (69.5% female). Diagnosis of narcolepsy Type 1, narcolepsy Type 2, and idiopathic daytime hypersomnia, were determined in 54.2%, 23.7% and 22% of patients respectively. All patients reported EDS, while 57.6%, 81.4% and 78% reported cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations respectively. Polysomnographic studies showed non relevant alterations in the majority of patients. The MLTS was abnormal in all patients, 78% of them with 2 or more sleep onset REM periods (SOREMP). In 52.5% of cases, the delay in final diagnosis was more than 5 years. About a third of patients had another sleep disorder that could not explain the severity of EDS. We observed a comorbidity with an immunological disorder in 30.5% of patients. Conclusion: The EDS is the main symptom in CDH. Related REM-sleep symptoms and MSLT alterations were the second most important features to establish final diagnosis. However, we observed a significant delay in CDH diagnosis in the majority of patients.
Flow cytometry (FC) has been introduced to characterize and to assess the physiological states of microorganisms in conjunction with the classical plate-counting method. To show the applicability of ...the technique, in particular for the development of kinetic models, pure culture fermentation experiments were followed over time, using both prokaryotic (Lactobacillus hilgardii) and eukaryotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) microorganisms growing in standard culture media (MRS and YPD). The differences observed between the active and viable cells determined by FC and CFU, respectively, allowed us to determine that a large number of cells were in a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, which resulted in a subpopulation much larger than the damaged-cell (double-stained) subpopulation. Finally, the determination of the evolution of viable, the VBNC, and the dead cells allowed us to develop a segregated kinetic model to describe the yeast and the bacteria population dynamics and glucose consumption in batch cultures. This model, more complete than that which is traditionally used, based only on viable cell measurements, describes better the behavior and the functionality of the cultures, giving a deeper knowledge in real time about the status and the course of the bioprocesses.
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