Purpose
Biliary ductal injuries are challenging to treat, and often lead to severe morbidity and mortality. The first-line approach involves endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with ...sphincterotomy and, in case of refractory leakage, long-lasting percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, endoscopic or percutaneous injection of sclerosing agents and/or coiling can be used. We describe a treatment procedure using microcatheter-mediated percutaneous or endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC).
Materials and Methods
Three patients (7-year-old male, 14-year-old male, 81-year-old female) with refractory postsurgical and/or post-traumatic bile leaks underwent percutaneous (
n
= 2) or endoscopic (
n
= 1) APC through a detachable microcatheter.
Results
The procedure was technically feasible in all patients. Postoperative imaging showed complete occlusion of biliary leakage. The technique was uneventful intraoperatively with no adverse events occurring during recovery or follow-up.
Conclusion
Our initial experience demonstrates that refractory bile duct leaks may be successfully treated with microcatheter-mediated APC endoscopically or percutaneously. Further research is needed to confirm the safety, efficacy, and clinical indications for this innovative technique.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESTransjugular renal biopsies (TRB) are an alternative when percutaneous ultrasound renal biopsy is contraindicated. Few sites are currently carrying out this procedure, with ...limited literature existing on the indications, complications and diagnostic yield thereof. The aim of the study is to analyse the indications, diagnostic yield, safety and complications of percutaneous transjugular renal biopsies in our site over the last 15 years. MATERIAL AND METHODSRetrospective descriptive study of all transjugular renal biopsies performed in our site, the Hospital Vall d'Hebron, between 2003 and 2018. For this, an exhaustive review of the clinical records of patients subjected to this procedure during the study period was conducted. RESULTS56 TRBs were performed during the study period. Out of the patients, 31 were men (55.4%) and 25 were women (44.6%), with a median age of 62 years (IQ range 25-75 52.5-69.5). More than half presented with haematuria at the time of biopsy, with a median creatinine of 2.69 mg/dL (IQ 25-75 1.7-4.3) and median proteinuria at 24 hours of 2000 mg (IQ 25-75 0.41-4.77).The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 140 +/- 26 mmHg and 75 +/- 15 mmHg, respectively. The biopsy was carried out owing to acute kidney failure in 19 patients, chronic kidney disease in 12 patients and nephrotic syndrome in 10 patients; in 15 patients it was carried out for other reasons. The most frequent TRB indication was technical impossibility in 16 of 56 cases (including infracostal kidneys, obesity and COPD), alterations in haemostasis (n = 6), thrombocytopenia (n = 5) and solitary kidney (n = 7). 12.5% of the biopsies were hepato-renal. Histological diagnoses were obtained in two thirds of the renal biopsies. The average number of cylinders obtained was 2.5 ± 1.3, with the average number of glomeruli being 6.6 ± 6.2. The most frequent histological diagnoses were IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Three major complications were observed: fornix rupture and two transfusion requirements due to bleeding and subcapsular hematoma. CONCLUSIONSIn our site, TRB allowed for a histological diagnosis in 2/3 of patients for whom percutaneous ultrasound renal biopsy is contraindicated. This allowed us to diagnose and subsequently treat said patients.
The appropriate selection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who are eligible for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) remains a challenge. The ART score has recently been proposed as a ...method of identifying patients who are eligible or not for a second TACE procedure.
To assess the validity of the Assessment for Retreatment with TACE (ART) score in a cohort of patients treated with drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE).
to identify clinical determinants associated with overall survival (OS).
A retrospective, multicentre study conducted in Spain in patients with HCC having undergone two or more DEB-TACE procedures between January 2009 and December 2014. The clinical characteristics and OS from the day before the second DEB-TACE of patients with a high ART score (ART≥2.5) and a low ART score (ART 0-1) were compared. Risk factors for mortality were identified using Cox's proportional hazards model.
Of the 102 patients included, 51 scored 0-1.5 and 51 scored ≥2.5. Hepatitis C was more frequent in patients scoring ≥2.5. Median OS from the day before the second DEB-TACE was 21 months (95% CI, 15-28) in the group scoring 0-1.5, and 17 months (95% CI, 10-25) in the group scoring ≥2.5 (P=0.3562). Platelet count and tumour size, but not the ART score, were independent baseline predictors of OS.
The ART score is not suitable for guiding DEB-TACE retreatment according to Spanish clinical practice standards.
La biopsia renal transyugular (BTY) es una alternativa a la biopsia renal ecoguiada percutánea en caso de que existan contraindicaciones para su realización. En la actualidad, pocos centros realizan ...este procedimiento y la literatura acerca de las indicaciones, complicaciones y rentabilidad diagnóstica es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las indicaciones, rendimiento diagnóstico, seguridad y complicaciones de la biopsia renal transyugular percutánea en los últimos 15 años en nuestro centro.
Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que revisa las biopsias renales transyugulares (BTY) realizadas en el Hospital Vall d’Hebrón de 2003 a 2018 para lo cual se ha llevado a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a este procedimiento durante el periodo de estudio.
Durante el periodo de estudio se realizaron 56 BTY. Los pacientes fueron 31 hombres (55,4%) y 25 mujeres (44,6%), con una mediana de edad de 62 años (rango intercuartil (IQ) 25-75 52,5-69,5). La mediana de creatinina fue 2,69 mg/dL (IQ 25-75 1,7-4,3) y la de proteinuria (en 24 horas) de 2.000 mg (IQ 25-750,41-4,77. Más de la mitad presentaban hematuria en el momento de la biopsia. La presión arterial media sistólica fue de 140 +/- 26 mmHg y diastólica 75 +/- 15 mmHg. La biopsia se realizó por insuficiencia renal aguda en 19 pacientes, enfermedad renal crónica en 12 y síndrome nefrótico en 10 casos; en 15 pacientes se realizó por otros motivos. Se decidió realización del procedimiento por vía transyugular por imposibilidad técnica ecoguiada en 16 de 56 casos (incluyendo riñones infracostales, obesidad y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica), alteraciones en hemostasia (n = 6), trombocitopenia (n = 5) y riñón único (n = 7). El 12,5% de las biopsias fueron hepato-renales. Se obtuvo diagnóstico histológico en dos tercios de las biopsias renales. La media de cilindros obtenidos fue de de 2,5 ± 1,3, y la media de glomérulos 6,6 ± 6,2. Los diagnósticos histológicos más frecuentes fueron nefropatía IgA, glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa y microangiopatía trombótica. Se observaron tres complicaciones mayores: rotura de fórnix y dos requerimientos transfusionales por sangrado y hematoma subcapsular.
En nuestro centro, la realización de BTY permitió el diagnóstico histológico en dos tercios de los pacientes que presentaban contraindicación para la realización de biopsia renal ecoguiada, permitiendo el diagnóstico y posterior tratamiento dirigido en dichos pacientes.
Transjugular renal biopsies (TRB) are an alternative when percutaneous ultrasound renal biopsy is contraindicated. Few sites are currently carrying out this procedure, with limited literature existing on the indications, complications and diagnostic yield thereof. The aim of the study is to analyse the indications, diagnostic yield, safety and complications of percutaneous transjugular renal biopsies in our site over the last 15 years.
Retrospective descriptive study of all transjugular renal biopsies performed in our site, the Hospital Vall d’Hebron, between 2003 and 2018. For this, an exhaustive review of the clinical records of patients subjected to this procedure during the study period was conducted.
56 TRBs were performed during the study period. Out of the patients, 31 were men (55.4%) and 25 were women (44.6%), with a median age of 62 years (IQ range 25-75 52.5-69.5). More than half presented with haematuria at the time of biopsy, with a median creatinine of 2.69 mg/dL (IQ 25-75 1.7-4.3) and median proteinuria at 24 hours of 2000 mg (IQ 25-75 0.41-4.77).The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 140 +/- 26 mmHg and 75 +/- 15 mmHg, respectively. The biopsy was carried out owing to acute kidney failure in 19 patients, chronic kidney disease in 12 patients and nephrotic syndrome in 10 patients; in 15 patients it was carried out for other reasons. The most frequent TRB indication was technical impossibility in 16 of 56 cases (including infracostal kidneys, obesity and COPD), alterations in haemostasis (n = 6), thrombocytopenia (n = 5) and solitary kidney (n = 7). 12.5% of the biopsies were hepato-renal. Histological diagnoses were obtained in two thirds of the renal biopsies. The average number of cylinders obtained was 2.5 ± 1.3, with the average number of glomeruli being 6.6 ± 6.2. The most frequent histological diagnoses were IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Three major complications were observed: fornix rupture and two transfusion requirements due to bleeding and subcapsular hematoma.
In our site, TRB allowed for a histological diagnosis in 2/3 of patients for whom percutaneous ultrasound renal biopsy is contraindicated. This allowed us to diagnose and subsequently treat said patients.
Transjugular renal biopsies (TRB) are an alternative when percutaneous ultrasound renal biopsy is contraindicated. Few sites are currently carrying out this procedure, with limited literature ...existing on the indications, complications and diagnostic yield thereof. The aim of the study is to analyze the indications, diagnostic yield, safety and complications of percutaneous transjugular renal biopsies in our site over the last 15 years.
Retrospective descriptive study of all transjugular renal biopsies performed in our site, the Hospital Vall d’Hebron, between 2003 and 2018. For this, an exhaustive review of the clinical records of patients subjected to this procedure during the study period was conducted.
56 TRBs were performed during the study period. Out of the patients, 31 were men (55.4%) and 25 were women (44.6%), with a median age of 62 years (IQ range 25–75 52.5–69.5). More than half presented with haematuria at the time of biopsy, with a median creatinine of 2.69mg/dL (IQ 25–75 1.7–4.3) and median proteinuria at 24h of 2000mg (IQ 25–75 0.41–4.77). The mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 140±26mmHg and 75±15mmHg, respectively. The biopsy was carried out owing to acute kidney failure in 19 patients, chronic kidney disease in 12 patients and nephrotic syndrome in 10 patients; in 15 patients it was carried out for other reasons. The most frequent TRB indication was technical impossibility in 16 of 56 cases (including infracostal kidneys, obesity and COPD), alterations in haemostasis (n=6), thrombocytopenia (n=5) and solitary kidney (n=7). 12.5% of the biopsies were hepato-renal. Histological diagnoses were obtained in two thirds of the renal biopsies. The average number of cylinders obtained was 2.5±1.3, with the average number of glomeruli being 6.6±6.2. The most frequent histological diagnoses were IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and thrombotic microangiopathy. Three major complications were observed: fornix rupture and two transfusion requirements due to bleeding and subcapsular hematoma.
In our site, TRB allowed for a histological diagnosis in 2/3 of patients for whom percutaneous ultrasound renal biopsy is contraindicated. This allowed us to diagnose and subsequently treat said patients.
La biopsia renal transyugular (BTY) es una alternativa a la biopsia renal ecoguiada percutánea en caso de que existan contraindicaciones para su realización. En la actualidad, pocos centros realizan este procedimiento y la literatura acerca de las indicaciones, complicaciones y rentabilidad diagnóstica es limitada. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las indicaciones, rendimiento diagnóstico, seguridad y complicaciones de la biopsia renal transyugular percutánea en los últimos 15 años en nuestro centro.
Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que revisa las biopsias renales transyugulares (BTY) realizadas en el Hospital Vall d’Hebrón de 2003 a 2018 para lo cual se ha llevado a cabo una revisión exhaustiva de las historias clínicas de los pacientes sometidos a este procedimiento durante el periodo de estudio.
Durante el periodo de estudio se realizaron 56 BTY. Los pacientes fueron 31 hombres (55,4%) y 25 mujeres (44,6%), con una mediana de edad de 62 años (rango intercuartil (IQ) 25-75 52,5-69,5). La mediana de creatinina fue 2,69 mg/dL (IQ 25-75 1,7–4,3) y la de proteinuria (en 24 horas) de 2.000mg (IQ 25-75 0,41-4,77. Más de la mitad presentaban hematuria en el momento de la biopsia. La presión arterial media sistólica fue de 140±26mmHg y diastólica 75±15mmHg. La biopsia se realizó por insuficiencia renal aguda en 19 pacientes, enfermedad renal crónica en 12 y síndrome nefrótico en 10 casos; en 15 pacientes se realizó por otros motivos. Se decidió realización del procedimiento por vía transyugular por imposibilidad técnica ecoguiada en 16 de 56 casos (incluyendo riñones infracostales, obesidad y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica), alteraciones en hemostasia (n=6), trombocitopenia (n=5) y riñón único (n=7). El 12,5% de las biopsias fueron hepato-renales. Se obtuvo diagnóstico histológico en dos tercios de las biopsias renales. La media de cilindros obtenidos fue de 2,5±1,3, y la media de glomérulos 6,6±6,2. Los diagnósticos histológicos más frecuentes fueron nefropatía IgA, glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa y microangiopatía trombótica. Se observaron tres complicaciones mayores: rotura de fórnix y dos requerimientos transfusionales por sangrado y hematoma subcapsular.
En nuestro centro, la realización de BTY permitió el diagnóstico histológico en dos tercios de los pacientes que presentaban contraindicación para la realización de biopsia renal ecoguiada, permitiendo el diagnóstico y posterior tratamiento dirigido en dichos pacientes.
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