The Postmortem Interval (PMI) is the time from the death of an animal to its discovery. From a veterinary forensic standpoint, an accurate estimation of the PMI is of particular importance, ...especially with the observed increase in deaths of domestic and wild animals. A preliminary study was conducted using the eyes of domestic pigs. A biochemical analysis was conducted on the vitreous humor of the eye, whilst a histological analysis was conducted on the retina. The eyes were stored at +4 °C and changes were assessed at time intervals of 0, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h. The biochemical analysis during the PMI established a decrease in sodium, chlorine, and glucose concentrations, and a rise in potassium concentration. Accordingly, a simple linear regression showed a significant correlation between changes in concentrations of sodium (Na
), potassium (K
), chloride (Cl
), and glucose, in relation to the PMI. The histological analysis showed evident morphological changes in the retina, which included homogenization of the rod and cone cells, pyknosis of the outer nuclear layer, homogenization of the outer plexiform layer, pyknosis of the inner nuclear layer, homogenization of the inner plexiform layer, and pyknosis of the nuclei of the ganglion layer of the retina.
SEVERIN, K, P. DZAJA, M. SPERANDA, M. DIDARA, D. KONJEVIC, E. SATROVIC, K STARCEVIC: Estimation of red deer (Cervus elaphus) post mortal interval based on the biochemical parameters of vitreous fluid ...using linear regression analyses. Vet. arhiv 88, 511-519, 2018. Vitreous fluid is a stable biological fluid, which is well-protected from contamination and post mortem degradation, which makes it suitable in forensic pathology for determination of the post mortem interval (PMI). The present study was conducted to discover the correlation between increasing PMI and levels of various vitreous biochemical parameters (sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, potassium, phosphor, AST, urea, creatinine, total protein, glucose, total cholesterol). The estimation of PMI in red deer is of great interest in cases of illegal hunting. The vitreous humour samples were collected from six red deer carcasses. The eyes were enucleated, covered by parafilm and aluminium foil, packed in a small container and maintained at +4 degreesC. Sampling of vitreous fluid was done again at 8, 10 and then regularly each 10 hours until finally 90 hours after death. A significant linear correlation was found for potassium, sodium and chloride (P<0.0001). The present study revealed that biochemical analysis of vitreous fluid could be used to determine post mortem interval in red deer. Key words: vitreous fluid; potassium; sodium; chloride; red deer
This study aimed to determine the impact of relocation as a potential stress factor on the reproductive properties of breeding boars, as well as the impact of the new environment on the quantity and ...quality of the semen obtained during different seasons. At the beginning of spring, 16 breeding boars (Large White (n=3), German Landrace (n=4), Swedish Landrace (n=6) and Pietrain (n=3)) were relocated from old to new housing conditions and exposed to loading, transport, unloading, and rehousing in a new environment. They had the same conditions of feeding, care, sexual exploitation and keeping, before and after relocation. The health status of all breeding boars was carefully monitored and controlled. No significant differences were observed in the total and average number of doses produced between seasons. There was a significantly higher value of total ejaculate volume and density during the spring compared to the values obtained in other seasons (P<0.01). Differences in the average percentage of mobility between autumn and winter were not significant (P=0.983), as in spring and summer (P=0.737). Ventilation rate, gas concentrations of ammonia, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in the boar enclosure were similar before and after relocation. Two days after relocation, one boar (ID 172) showed signs of illness and was treated, but his sperm was rejected due to sperm agglutination and reduced motility, so he was culled. Individual analysis of the production indicators showed that there was no significant change in the spermatogenesis of healthy boars, even though they were relocated.
The aim of this research was to investigate the use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting test with native excretory/secretory Fascioloides magna antigen ...(ES-Ag) in free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus). The research was performed on 48 red deer shot during routine culls from two different areas, considering the occurrence of fascioloidosis. After coprological examination and gross pathology examination of the livers for F. magna, serum samples were divided into three groups as infected (n = 32), uninfected (n = 13) and previously infected deer (n = 3). Indirect ELISA results were significantly higher for serum samples from infected deer (percentage of positivity (PP) 65.1 ± 18.4) than uninfected (PP 11.6 ± 13.7) and previously infected deer (PP 20.3 + or - 6.4). Samples from uninfected deer had fewer bands (30-33 and 104 kDa) on Western blotting than samples from infected deer (6, 17, 22, 27, 30-33, 40, 45 and 104 kDa). The number of alive flukes positively correlated with the ELISA results and the number of F. magna eggs per gram of faeces (EPG). The results indicated that ELISA and Western blotting test could be useful in the early diagnosis of fascioloidosis in red deer and also in control in the population of free-ranging red deer. Key words: Fascioloides magna, red deer, excretory/secretory antigens, indirect ELISA, Western blotting Cilj ovog rada bio je istraziti imunodijagnosticki potencijal ekskretomo/sekretomog antigena (ES-Ag) dobivenog od odraslih Fascioloides magna u populaciji slobodno zivucih jelena obicnih primjenom neizravnoga imunoenzimnog i Western blotting testa. Istrazivanje je provedeno na 48 jelena obicnih odstrijeljenih u okviru planiranog odstrjela na dva razlicita podrucja s obzirom na pojavu fascioloidoze. Nakon koproloske pretrage i razudbe jetara na prisutnost F. magna, uzorci seruma bili su podijeljeni u tri skupine: invadirani (n = 32), neinvadirani (n = 13) i prethodno invadirani jeleni (n = 3). Rezultati neizravnog ELISA testa bili su znacajno visi u uzorcima seruma od invadiranih jelena (postotak pozitivnosti (PP) 65,08 ± 18,40) nego neinvadiranih (PP 11,6 ± 13,7) i prethodno invadiranih jelena (PP 20,31 ± 6,43). Uzorci od invadiranih imali su nekoliko linija (30-33 i 104 kDa) primjenom Western blottinga za razliku od uzoraka od invadiranih jelena (6, 17, 22, 27, 3033, 40, 45 i 104 kDa). Broj zivih metilja u pozitivnoj je korelaciji s rezultatima ELISA testa i broja F. magna jajasca po gramu izmeta (EPG). Rezultati ukazuju da neizravna ELISA i Western blotting test mogu biti korisni s ciljem ranog otkrivanja fascioloidoze u jelena obicnog te isto tako u njenoj kontroli u populaciji slobodno zivucih jelena obicnih. Kljucne rijeci: Fascioloides magna, jelen obicni, ekskretorno/sekretorni antigeni, neizravna ELISA, Western blotting
A case of eccrine carcinoma of the interdigital foot glands in a 39-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) from Zagreb Zoo is described. The tumor between the toenails of the right forefoot ...was surgically removed 3 yr before postmortem examination (2003), and the histopathologic diagnosis was compound eccrine carcinoma characterized with glandular tubular and papillary proliferations, mild cellular pleomorphism, proliferation of the myoepithelial cells with mucoid secretions, and necrosis. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong immunoreactivity to S-100 protein, estrogen, and high–molecular weight cytokeratin. This elephant also had chronic renal fibrosis with uremia.
Njemačka riječ kurschmied (kur-liječenje, schmied-kovač) adekvatna je romanskoj riječi mareskalk -marh (konj) i gotske riječi skalk (sluga). Posebna vrsta kuršmida bili su vojni kuršmidi. Njihova ...djelatnost zamire početkom 19. stoljeća, a vojnih kuršmida u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća, a u Austrougarskoj 20.-tih godina 20. stoljeća. Prvi pisani trag o kuršmidu kod nas potječe od Mladena II. Bribirskog iz 1314. g. kada je na njegovu dvoru privremeno boravio mareskalk Nolphio. Veterinari su se pobunili protiv njihove djelatnosti, jer su mislili da ne mogu na osnovu svoje naobrazbe liječiti životinje, a što će na koncu biti i potvrđeno. Uz položen tečaj mogli su liječiti konje i pregledavati meso ako su za to bili osposobljeni. Iako neki autori navode da su kuršmidi i marešalci isto, drugi navode da su kuršmidi bili njihovi podčinjeni zbog čega u radu pišem odvojeno o navedenim nazivima. Imajući u vidu predmete koje su slušali i polagali, svakako možemo navesti da su marešalci dali znatan doprinos u liječenju domaćih životinja, to jest konja.
U radu je prikazan razvoj veterinarskog školstva s posebnim osvrtom na današnji Ve¬terinarski fakultet u Beču, jer je nekada većina naših veterinara najčešće završavala fakultete u Beču, Budimpešti, ...Pragu, Lavovu i Italiji. Studij raznih oblika veterinarstva u liječnika i kirurga odvijao se na 4 načina u obliku: kraćih tečajeva iz veterinarstva, redovitog studija „veterinar¬stvo,“ poslijediplomskog studija odabranih liječnika i kirurga te posebnog oblika poslijediplomskog studija za medicinare i kirurge. U Bečkom veterinarskom zavodu bile su sljedeće kategorije učenika: obični kovači, poljodjelci, pastiri, lovci i ovčari, časnici, budući okružni liječnici i okružni ranarnici, slušači za pregled mesa i stoke, kuršmidi i pravi veterinari. Burnu povijest razvitka i preobrazbi Veterinarskog fakulteta u Beču prikazana je kroz nekoliko faza do današnjeg dana i to od: 1766.-1777. g., 1777.- 1795. g., 1795.-1808. g., 1808.-1812. g., 1812.- 1850. g., 1850.-1896. g., 1897.-1905. g., 1905.- 1919. g. i od 1912.-1976. g. do danas.
The study was undertaken to examine the effects of castration on plasma lipids and on the fatty acid profile of abdominal fat in male pheasants. Thirty pheasants reared in a commercial pheasantry ...were included in the experiment. Half the pheasants were castrated at 8 weeks of age and the other half underwent sham surgery at the same age. Plasma levels of triglycerides and high density lipoproteins (HDL) were significantly higher in the castrated pheasants. Values for cholesterol tended to be higher in castrated pheasants although without statistical significance. The fatty acid content of the abdominal fat from castrated and intact pheasants were primarily composed of oleic acid (42.58%-40.33%), followed by palmitic acid (25.25%-27.33%), linoleic (14.05%-12.65%) and stearic acid (8.95%-9.40%). Castration also significantly influenced the fatty acid composition of abdominal fat. Compared to the intact pheasants, the fatty acid content of abdominal fat from castrated pheasants contained higher values for saturated fatty acids (SFA) and lower values for unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (UFA/SFA) and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (PUFA/SFA).
Radiation processing of fish is recognized as a safe and effective method for reducing microorganisms and viruses as well for inactivating pathogens among the existing technologies for preservation. ...In the present study, the effect of gamma irradiation and temperature of storage on the histamine production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum, 1792) were investigated. Fish samples were irradiated with different doses (0 kGy, 1 kGy and 3 kGy) and monitored during the storage at two different temperatures (4 °C and 30 °C). The results indicate that histamine concentration was reduced by gamma irradiation and that the safe consumption can be prolongated for both temperatures of storage. However, irradiation treatment induced oxidative damage, as evidenced by changes in levels of lipid peroxidation, activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as in the radical kinetic rate detected by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectroscopy. These results suggest that gamma radiation undoubtedly induces antioxidant defense system in sardine fish. However, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise role that the antioxidant system plays under the influence of gamma radiation and temperature.
•Antioxidant defense in γ-irradiated Sardine during storage at 4 °C and 30 °C.•γ-irradiation reducing histamine contents in Sardine.•Influence of different temperatures on the reduction of the histamine.
Na današnjem prostoru Republike Hrvatske (RH) na srednjovjekovnim dalmatinskim otocima i u gradovima već od 13. stoljeća postoje zakonski propisi (statuti) koji reguliraju život zajednice, kao i ...odnos ljudi prema životinjama. U 18. stoljeću kako u Europi tako i na prostorima današnje RH, zarazne bolesti domaćih životinja desetkovale su stočni fond, posebno u govedarstvu. Uz goveđu kugu, bedrenica, metiljavost, bjesnoća, slinavka i šap, sakagija i druge bolesti stvarale su velike probleme stočarstvu koje je bilo važan preduvjet sigurnog opstanka ljudskih zajednica. Od 1770. godine liječnicima je, uz liječenje ljudi, bila obveza i suzbijanje zaraznih bolesti domaćih životinja. U suzbijanju zaraznih bolesti glavnu je ulogu imao podžupan, a u to doba suci su bili upravni činovnici. Stoga su kod pojave zaraznih bolesti domaćih životinja na teren išli veliki i mali sudac, a uz njih je obvezno bio prisutan i liječnik ili kirurg. Od 1771. godine u kotarevima je postavljen komesar, koji je išao na teren i izvješćivao sanitetsku komisiju. Za pojedine zarazne bolesti domaćih životinja upotrebljavali su se nazivi na latinskom jeziku: Lues animalium, Lues pecoris, Lues mali, Lues pecoris grassanti, Pulmonum exsccationis, Contagion, Morbus bovi, Animalium infectionem, Vulkgo metily i drugi, ali najčešće na njemačkom jeziku Viehseuche.
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