While the breakdown of the perturbation expansion for the many-electron problem has several formal consequences, here we unveil its physical effect: flipping the sign of the effective electronic ...interaction in specific scattering channels. By decomposing local and uniform susceptibilities of the Hubbard model via their spectral representations, we prove how entering the nonperturbative regime causes an enhancement of the charge response, ultimately responsible for the phase-separation instabilities close to the Mott metal-insulator transition. Our analysis opens a new route for understanding phase transitions in the nonperturbative regime and clarifies why attractive effects emerging from a strong repulsion can induce phase separations but not s -wave pairing or charge-density wave instabilities.
Objective: Even though the early alliance has been shown to robustly predict posttreatment outcomes, the question whether alliance leads to symptom reduction or symptom reduction leads to a better ...alliance remains unresolved. To better understand the relation between alliance and symptoms early in therapy, we meta-analyzed the lagged session-by-session within-patient effects of alliance and symptoms from Sessions 1 to 7. Method: We applied a 2-stage individual participant data meta-analytic approach. Based on the data sets of 17 primary studies from 9 countries that comprised 5,350 participants, we first calculated standardized session-by-session within-patient coefficients. Second, we meta-analyzed these coefficients by using random-effects models to calculate omnibus effects across the studies. Results: In line with previous meta-analyses, we found that early alliance predicted posttreatment outcome. We identified significant reciprocal within-patient effects between alliance and symptoms within the first 7 sessions. Cross-level interactions indicated that higher alliances and lower symptoms positively impacted the relation between alliance and symptoms in the subsequent session. Conclusion: The findings provide empirical evidence that in the early phase of therapy, symptoms and alliance were reciprocally related to one other, often resulting in a positive upward spiral of higher alliance/lower symptoms that predicted higher alliances/lower symptoms in the subsequent sessions. Two-stage individual participant data meta-analyses have the potential to move the field forward by generating and interlinking well-replicable process-based knowledge.
What is the public health significance of this article?
Improvements in the quality of the patient-rated alliance are associated with subsequent symptom reduction early in psychotherapy, and symptom reduction is associated with further improvement in the subsequent alliance. This meta-analysis provides empirical evidence for good clinical wisdom that collaborative qualities within the therapist-patient relationship and early distress remediation go "hand-in-hand." These results underscore the relevance of respectful, collaborative, and ethically sound care for mental health patients to positively impact therapy outcomes.
The aim of this study was to examine the relative efficacy of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) versus treatment-as-usual (TAU) in routine care for anxiety and depression in adults.
A computerized ...search of studies that directly compared an EBT with a TAU was conducted. Meta-analytic methods were used to estimate effectiveness of EBTs relative to TAU and to model how various confounding variables impacted the results of this comparative research.
A total of 14 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. There was significant heterogeneity in the TAU conditions, which ranged from unknown and/or minimal mental health treatment to psychotherapeutic interventions provided by trained professionals. Although the effect for EBT vs. TAU was significantly greater than zero, the effect for EBT vs. TAUs that were psychotherapeutic interventions was not statistically different from zero.
Heterogeneity of TAU conditions in this meta-analysis highlight the importance of clarifying the research questions being asked when investigating and drawing conclusions from EBT–TAU comparisons. Researchers need to clarify if they are comparing an EBT to psychotherapeutic services in routine care or to minimal mental health services. Extant research on EBT versus TAU reveals that there is insufficient evidence to recommend the transportation of EBTs for anxiety and depression to routine care, particularly when the routine care involves psychotherapeutic services.
► Compared evidence-based treatments and treatment-as-usual for anxiety and depression. ► Implementing evidence-based treatments could improve the quality of care. ► The definition of treatment-as-usual varies considerably. ► Evidence-based treatments are superior to treatment-as-usual without psychotherapy. ► Evidence-based treatments are not superior to psychotherapy services.
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•YAP is activated by myocardial infarction or neuroendocrine stimulation in cardiac fibroblasts.•Active YAP promotes TEA domain transcription factor-1–mediated transcription of ...myocardin-related transcription factor A to facilitate cardiac myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix gene expression.•Cardiac fibroblast YAP knockout mice have attenuated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in response to myocardial infarction.
Fibrotic remodeling of the heart in response to injury contributes to heart failure, yet therapies to treat fibrosis remain elusive. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is activated in cardiac fibroblasts by myocardial infarction, and genetic inhibition of fibroblast YAP attenuates myocardial infarction–induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. YAP promotes myofibroblast differentiation and associated extracellular matrix gene expression through engagement of TEA domain transcription factor 1 and subsequent de novo expression of myocardin-related transcription factor A. Thus, fibroblast YAP is a promising therapeutic target to prevent fibrotic remodeling and heart failure.
Abstract
A large repulsion between particles in a quantum system can lead to their localization, an effect responsible for the Mott insulator phases in strongly correlated materials. In a system with ...multiple orbitals, an orbital-selective Mott insulator can form, where electrons in some orbitals are predicted to localize while others remain itinerant. Here we demonstrate a more general version of this phenomenon by observing flavour-selective localization in an atom-based quantum simulator. Our experiment realizes Fermi–Hubbard models with an SU(3) symmetry that can be broken using a tunable coupling between flavours. We observe an enhancement of the localization associated with a selective Mott transition and the emergence of flavour-dependent correlations. Our realization of flavour-selective Mott physics demonstrates the potential of cold atoms to simulate interacting multicomponent materials such as superconductors and topological insulators.
Objective: Three recent meta-analyses have made the claim, albeit with some caveats, that cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) are superior to other psychotherapies, in general or for specific ...disorders (e.g., social phobia). Method: The purpose of the present article was to examine four issues in meta-analysis that mitigate claims of CBT superiority: (a) effect size, power, and statistical significance, (b) focusing on disorder-specific symptom measures and ignoring other important indicators of psychological functioning, (c) problems inherent in classifying treatments provided in primary studies into classes of treatments, and (d) the inclusion of problematic trials, which biases the results, and the exclusion of trials that fail to find differences among treatments. Results: When these issues are examined, the effects demonstrating the superiority of CBT are small, nonsignificant for the most part, limited to targeted symptoms, or are due to flawed primary studies. Conclusion: Meta-analytic evidence for the superiority of CBT in the three meta-analysis are nonexistent or weak.
•Preanalytical variables influence the quality and quantity of isolated cfDNA.•This paper compares preanalytical aspects published for cfDNA analysis.•Blood drawing, collection tube, centrifugation, ...storage and isolation are crucial.
The analysis of circulating cell free DNA is an important tool for the analysis of tumor resistance, tumor heterogeneity, detection of minimal residual disease and detection of allograft rejection in kidney or heart transplant patients. The proper use of this technique is important, and starts with considering pre-analytic aspects. The current paper addresses some important technical considerations to ensure the proper and harmonized use of cfDNA techniques.
Over the last decade, the Rho family GTPases have gained considerable recognition as powerful regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. As with many high profile signal transducers, these ...molecules soon attracted the attention of the cardiovascular research community. Shortly thereafter, two prominent members known as RhoA and Rac1 were linked to agonist-induced gene expression and myofilament organization using the isolated cardiomyocyte cell model. Subsequent creation of transgenic mouse lines provided evidence for more complex roles of RhoA and Rac1 signaling. Clues from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the involvement of numerous downstream targets of RhoA and Rac1 signaling including serum response factor, NF-kappaB, and other transcription factors, myofilament proteins, ion channels, and reactive oxygen species generation. Which of these contribute to the observed phenotypic effects of enhanced RhoA and Rac activation in vivo remain to be determined. Current research efforts with a more translational focus have used statins or Rho kinase blockers to assess RhoA and Rac1 as targets for interventional approaches to blunt hypertrophy or heart failure. Generally, salutary effects on remodeling and ischemic damage are observed, but the broad specificity and multiple cellular targets for these drugs within the myocardium demands caution in interpretation. In this review, we assess the evolution of knowledge related to Rac1 and RhoA in the context of hypertrophy and heart failure and highlight the direction that future exploration will lead.
Current evaluation of treatment response in solid tumors depends on dynamic changes in tumor diameters as measured by imaging. However, these changes can only be detected when there are enough ...macroscopic changes in tumor volume, which limits the usability of radiological response criteria in evaluating earlier stages of disease response and necessitates much time to lapse for gross changes to be notable. One promising approach is to incorporate dynamic changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which occur early in the course of therapy and can predict tumor responses weeks before gross size changes manifest. However, several issues need to be addressed before recommending the implementation of ctDNA response criteria in daily clinical practice such as clinical, biological, and regulatory challenges and, most importantly, the need to standardize/harmonize detection methods and ways to define ctDNA response and/or progression for precision oncology. Herein, we review the use of liquid biopsy (LB) to evaluate response in solid tumors and propose a plan toward standardization of LB-RECIST.
•Dynamic changes in ctDNA can be used to predict tumor response to therapeutic regimens in oncology.•LB-RECIST have been proposed and used in the context of clinical trials.•Several challenges exist for clinical applicability and need to be addressed for a more standardized approach.
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