Particle tracking for future experiments at colliders is an incredible challenge in terms of sensor technology and readout. Simulation tools are a crucial ingredient to investigate new layouts able ...to cope with harsh radiation conditions and, at the same time, provide valuable timing information for track finding algorithms. Detailed and numerous simulations of energy deposits as well as sensor and front-end electronics responses imply a heavy usage of computing resources. In this paper, we present two software packages that,
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massive parallelization and dedicated algorithms, allow for a significant speed-up in simulation time.
•Established cysts of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep are associated with CD3+ T cells.•Most established cysts are in the lung.•Foxp3+ cells make up part of the local inflammatory infiltrate.
Ovine ...hydatidosis (OH; Echinococcus granulosus) is endemic in several European countries surrounding the Mediterranean basin. There have been a limited number of studies aimed at evaluating the local immune response to established tissue cysts in the ovine host. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocyte populations surrounding established cysts showed a predominance of CD3+ T cells compared to CD79+ B cells. A percentage of infiltrating lymphocytes were also FoxP3+, suggesting that established ovine cysts may be protected from immune aggression through the suppressive action of T regulatory cells. The present study contributes to the understanding of local immune responses to ovine echinococcosis.
For the next generation of vertex detectors, the accurate measurement of the charged particle timing at the pixel level is considered to be the ultimate solution in experiments operating at very high ...instantaneous luminosities. This work shows that the 55 μm × 55 µm wide 150 µm thick 3D trench-type pixels, developed by the TimeSPOT Collaboration, achieve a time resolution close to 10 ps with minimum ionizing particles while maintaining a detection efficiency close to 100% when operated at a tilt angle larger than 10° from normal incidence. This record performance is obtained with software-based constant-fraction algorithms applied to signal waveforms. However, time resolutions as good as 25 ps can be achieved using a simple leading-edge discriminating technique, without any amplitude correction. Similar timing performances can also be achieved when the charged particles cross two nearby pixels if both signal amplitudes are measured. 3D trench-type pixels, as of today, are the fastest charged-particles pixel detectors available and represent a very promising solution for the future upgrade of tracking systems of many HEP experiments operating in extreme conditions.
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