This paper reviews state-of-the-art empirical, hydrodynamic and simple conceptual models for determining flood inundation. It explores their advantages and limitations, highlights the most recent ...advances and discusses future directions. It addresses how uncertainty is analysed in this field with the various approaches and identifies opportunities for handling it better. The aim is to inform scientists new to the field, and help emergency response agencies, water resources managers, insurance companies and other decision makers keep up-to-date with the latest developments. Guidance is provided for selecting the most suitable method/model for solving practical flood related problems, taking into account the specific outputs required for the modelling purpose, the data available and computational demands. Multi-model, multi-discipline approaches are recommended in order to further advance this research field.
•This paper reviews state-of-the-art flood inundation models.•It explores their advantages and limitations.•It highlights the most recent advances and discusses future directions.•It addresses how uncertainty is analysed and identifies opportunities for handling it better.
The quark-hadron transition that happens in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions is expected to be influenced by the effects of rotation and magnetic field, both present due to the geometry of a ...generic non-head-on impact. We augment the conventional T–μB planar phase diagram for QCD matter by extending it to a multi-dimensional domain spanned by temperature T, baryon chemical potential μB, external magnetic field B and angular velocity ω. Using two independent approaches, one from a rapid rise in entropy density and another dealing with a dip in the squared speed of sound, we identify deconfinement in the framework of a modified statistical hadronization model. We find that the deconfinement temperature TC(μB,ω,eB) decreases nearly monotonically with increasing μB,ω and eB with the most prominent drop (by nearly 40 to 50 MeV) in TC occurring when all the three quasi-control (collision energy and centrality) parameters are simultaneously tuned to finite values that are typically achievable in present and upcoming heavy-ion colliders.
Rapid and accurate inundation modelling in large floodplains is critical for emergency response and environmental management. This paper describes the development and implementation of a floodplain ...inundation model that can be used for rapid assessment of inundation in very large floodplains. The model uses high resolution DEM (such as LiDAR DEM) to derive floodplain storages and connectivity between them at different river stages. We tested the performance of the model across several large floodplains in southeast Australia for estimating floodplain inundation extent, volume, and water depth for a few recent flood events. The results are in good agreement with those obtained from high resolution satellite imageries and MIKE 21 two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The model performed particularly well in the reaches that have confined channels with above 85 % agreement with the flood maps derived from Landsat TM imagery in cell-to-cell comparison. While the model did not performance as well in the flat and complex floodplains, the overall level of agreement of the modelled inundation maps with the satellite flood maps was still satisfactory (60–75 %). The key advantage of this model is demonstrated by its capability to simulate inundation in large floodplains (over 2000 km
2
) at a very high resolution of 5-m with more than 81 million cells at a reasonably low computational cost. The model is suitable for practical floodplain inundation simulation and scenario modelling under current and future climate conditions.
A
BSTRACT
Introduction:
The practice of removing root canal fillings with solvent materials is frequently required to help an irrigation solution enter the tubules. The current research was aimed at ...assessing the antifungal properties specifically the candida albicans of the various solvent materials used for the gutta-percha (GP) material.
Materials and Methods:
Current research was aimed at as a lab method using the disk diffusion technique where the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was calculated. The materials that were analyzed were: orange oil, xylene, turpentine oil, chloroform, and eucalyptus oil. Candida albicans was the test organism employed in the investigation. The agar plates were covered with approximately 500 μL of the suspension. The sterile and empty disks were impregnated with 10 μL of pure GP solvents. These plates were incubated for one day at room temperature. The ZOI’s mean diameters were calculated for all five materials and quantified each solvent’s fungicidal activity. For intergroup comparison, ANOVA was utilized.
P
values < 0.05 were deemed substantial.
Results:
The maximum inhibition exhibited by the Eucalyptus Oil it was 19.01 ± 1.02 mm. This was followed by Xylene. The other three solvents Chloroform, Orange Oil, and Turpentine Oil exhibited a similar ZOI. When all the solvents were compared there was a significant variance of
P
< 0.001. However, there were significant variances for the Eucalyptus Oil and the Xylene to all the other solvents
P
< 0.001.
Conclusion:
This investigation showed that, in comparison to other solvents, the use of eucalyptus oil considerably reduced the levels of Candida Albicans.
In this paper, we propose a model and solution approach for a multi-item inventory problem without shortages. The proposed model is formulated as a fractional multi-objective optimisation problem ...along with three constraints: budget constraint, space constraint and budgetary constraint on ordering cost of each item. The proposed inventory model becomes a multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem in fuzzy environment. This model is solved by multi-objective fuzzy goal programming (MOFGP) approach. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed model.
Ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and low-carbohydrate diet that leads to nutritional ketosis, long known for antiepileptic effects and has been used therapeutically to treat ...refractory epilepsy. This review attempts to summarize the evidence and clinical application of KD in diabetes, obesity, and other endocrine disorders. KD is usually animal protein based. An empiric vegetarian Indian variant of KD has been provided keeping in mind the Indian food habits. KD has beneficial effects on cardiac ischemic preconditioning, improves oxygenation in patients with respiratory failure, improves glycemic control in diabetics, is associated with significant weight loss, and has a beneficial impact on polycystic ovarian syndrome. Multivitamin supplementations are recommended with KD. Recently, ketones are being proposed as super-metabolic fuel; and KD is currently regarded as apt dietary therapy for "diabesity."
Gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC-GB), an anatomical and clinical subtype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is prevalent in regions where tobacco-chewing is common. ...Exome sequencing (n=50) and recurrence testing (n=60) reveals that some significantly and frequently altered genes are specific to OSCC-GB (USP9X, MLL4, ARID2, UNC13C and TRPM3), while some others are shared with HNSCC (for example, TP53, FAT1, CASP8, HRAS and NOTCH1). We also find new genes with recurrent amplifications (for example, DROSHA, YAP1) or homozygous deletions (for example, DDX3X) in OSCC-GB. We find a high proportion of C>G transversions among tobacco users with high numbers of mutations. Many pathways that are enriched for genomic alterations are specific to OSCC-GB. Our work reveals molecular subtypes with distinctive mutational profiles such as patients predominantly harbouring mutations in CASP8 with or without mutations in FAT1. Mean duration of disease-free survival is significantly elevated in some molecular subgroups. These findings open new avenues for biological characterization and exploration of therapies.
Propagation of arbitrary amplitude solitary waves is investigated in an unmagnetized quantum pair-ion plasma through the usage of Sagdeev pseudopotential approach in the framework of quantum ...hydrodynamics model. Bohm potential is elucidated to have significant impact on the structure of solitary wave. We would like to demonstrate that the regions of stability for the solitary waves of this quantum plasma system are well determined by studying the phase portrait. Analytical calculations are employed to simplify the basic equations, which are then studied numerically. The numerical analysis of Sagdeev potential for small value of quantum diffraction parameter(H) shows that for such plasma, there exists only compressive solitons. The effect of different plasma parameters on the solitonic structure are traced .
Seedlings of wheat genotype HUW-234 (
Triticum aestivum
L.) were raised in pot soil culture using eight different treatment combinations, enriched with inorganic arsenic (As
V
at 0, 30 mg/kg soil), ...zinc sulphate (Zn at 0, 20 mg/kg soil) and vermicompost (at 0, 15 t/ha). Plants exposed to As toxicity were found significantly (
P
≤ 0.05) lower in total chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble protein content and higher in proline accumulation. A significant (
P
≤ 0.05) reduction in nitrate reductase (NR) activity was also noticed under this As stress. As toxicity severely altered the activities of several antioxidant scavenging enzymes in the test seedlings. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were found elevated, whereas, catalase (CAT) showed a decrease in its activity in seedlings exposed to As stress. As a consequence, a significant (
P
≤ 0.05) reduction in grain yield (up to 42%) was also recorded. Mitigation of toxic effects of As with significant (
P
≤ 0.05) alteration in the biochemical constituents, as well as antioxidant enzymatic activities, was observed when supplemented with zinc sulphate and vermicompost whether alone or in combination. All these examined parameters were correlated either positively or negatively with the concentrations of As in wheat grain, straw and root. The rate of translocation of As in plants was increased when solely treated with As; while a decreasing trend was noticed for those plants which received zinc sulphate and vermicompost as treatment. Hence, this study faithfully establishes the relationship of zinc sulphate and vermicompost application with reduced As content in the plant part, thus resulting in better crop growth and yield.
PDF
