Interaction Between Convection and Pulsation Houdek, Günter; Dupret, Marc-Antoine
Living reviews in solar physics,
12/2015, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Web Resource
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This article reviews our current understanding of modelling convection dynamics in stars. Several semi-analytical time-dependent convection models have been proposed for pulsating one-dimensional ...stellar structures with different formulations for how the convective turbulent velocity field couples with the global stellar oscillations. In this review we put emphasis on two, widely used, time-dependent convection formulations for estimating pulsation properties in one-dimensional stellar models. Applications to pulsating stars are presented with results for oscillation properties, such as the effects of convection dynamics on the oscillation frequencies, or the stability of pulsation modes, in classical pulsators and in stars supporting solar-type oscillations.
When the core hydrogen is exhausted during stellar evolution, the central region of a star contracts and the outer envelope expands and cools, giving rise to a red giant. Convection takes place over ...much of the star's radius. Conservation of angular momentum requires that the cores of these stars rotate faster than their envelopes; indirect evidence supports this. Information about the angular-momentum distribution is inaccessible to direct observations, but it can be extracted from the effect of rotation on oscillation modes that probe the stellar interior. Here we report an increasing rotation rate from the surface of the star to the stellar core in the interiors of red giants, obtained using the rotational frequency splitting of recently detected 'mixed modes'. By comparison with theoretical stellar models, we conclude that the core must rotate at least ten times faster than the surface. This observational result confirms the theoretical prediction of a steep gradient in the rotation profile towards the deep stellar interior.
We present a method for a non-linear asteroseismic inversion suitable for gravity-mode pulsators and apply it to slowly pulsating B-type (SPB) stars. Our inversion method is based on the iterative ...improvement of a parameterised static stellar structure model, which in turn is based on constraints from the observed oscillation periods. We present tests to demonstrate that the method is successful in recovering the properties of artificial targets both inside and outside the parameter space. We also present a test of our method on the well-studied SPB star KIC 7760680. We believe that this method is promising for carrying out detailed analyses of observations of SPB and γ Dor stars and will provide complementary information to evolutionary models.
Red giants are evolved stars that have exhausted the supply of hydrogen in their cores and instead burn hydrogen in a surrounding shell. Once a red giant is sufficiently evolved, the helium in the ...core also undergoes fusion. Outstanding issues in our understanding of red giants include uncertainties in the amount of mass lost at the surface before helium ignition and the amount of internal mixing from rotation and other processes. Progress is hampered by our inability to distinguish between red giants burning helium in the core and those still only burning hydrogen in a shell. Asteroseismology offers a way forward, being a powerful tool for probing the internal structures of stars using their natural oscillation frequencies. Here we report observations of gravity-mode period spacings in red giants that permit a distinction between evolutionary stages to be made. We use high-precision photometry obtained by the Kepler spacecraft over more than a year to measure oscillations in several hundred red giants. We find many stars whose dipole modes show sequences with approximately regular period spacings. These stars fall into two clear groups, allowing us to distinguish unambiguously between hydrogen-shell-burning stars (period spacing mostly ∼ 50 seconds) and those that are also burning helium (period spacing ∼ 100 to 300 seconds).
The discovery of β Cephei stars in low-metallicity environments, as well as the difficulty in theoretically explaining the excitation of the pulsation modes observed in some β Cephei and hybrid ...slowly pulsating B–β Cephei pulsators, suggest that the ‘iron opacity bump’ provided by stellar models could be underestimated. We analyze the effect of uncertainties in the opacity computations and in the solar metal mixture on the excitation of pulsation modes in B-type stars. We carry out a pulsational stability analysis for four grids of main-sequence models with masses between 2.5 and 12M⊙ computed with OPAL and OP opacity tables and two different metal mixtures. We find that in a typical β Cephei model the OP opacity is 25 per cent larger than OPAL in the region where the driving of pulsation modes occurs. Furthermore, the difference in the Fe mass fraction between the two metal mixtures considered is of the order of 20 per cent. The implication on the excitation of pulsation modes is non-negligible: the blue border of the slowly pulsating B star (SPB) instability strip is displaced at higher effective temperatures, leading to a larger number of models being hybrid SPB-β Cephei pulsators. Moreover, higher overtone p-modes are excited in β Cephei models and unstable modes are found in a larger number of models for lower metallicities, in particular β Cephei pulsations are also found in models with Z = 0.01.
In the past few years, the CoRoT and Kepler missions have carried out what is now called the space photometry revolution. This revolution is still ongoing thanks to K2 and will be continued by the ...Tess and Plato2.0 missions. However, the photometry revolution must also be followed by progress in stellar modelling, in order to lead to more precise and accurate determinations of fundamental stellar parameters such as masses, radii and ages. In this context, the long-lasting problems related to mixing processes in stellar interior is the main obstacle to further improvements of stellar modelling. In this contribution, we will apply structural asteroseismic inversion techniques to targets from the Kepler Legacy sample and analyse how these can help us constrain the fundamental parameters and mixing processes in these stars. Our approach is based on previous studies using the SOLA inversion technique 1 to determine integrated quantities such as the mean density 2, the acoustic radius, and core conditions indicators 3, and has already been successfully applied to the 16Cyg binary system 4. We will show how this technique can be applied to the Kepler Legacy sample and how new indicators can help us to further constrain the chemical composition profiles of stars as well as provide stringent constraints on stellar ages.
Non-adiabatic pulsations in ESTER models Reese, Daniel Roy; Dupret, Marc-Antoine; Rieutord, Michel
EPJ Web of Conferences,
01/2017, Letnik:
160
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
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One of the greatest challenges in interpreting the pulsations of rapidly rotating stars is mode identification, i.e. correctly matching theoretical modes to observed pulsation frequencies. Indeed, ...the latest observations as well as current theoretical results show the complexity of pulsation spectra in such stars, and the lack of easily recognisable patterns. In the present contribution, the latest results on non-adiabatic effects in such pulsations are described, and we show how these come into play when identifying modes. These calculations fully take into account the effects of rapid rotation, including centrifugal distortion, and are based on models from the ESTER project, currently the only rapidly rotating models in which the energy conservation equation is satisfied, a prerequisite for calculating non-adiabatic effects. Non-adiabatic effects determine which modes are excited and play a key role in the near-surface pulsation-induced temperature variations which intervene in multi-colour amplitude ratios and phase differences, as well as line profile variations.
White-dwarf stars are the end product of stellar evolution for most stars in the Universe. Their interiors bear the imprint of fundamental mechanisms that occur during stellar evolution. Moreover, ...they are important chronometers for dating galactic stellar populations, and their mergers with other white dwarfs now appear to be responsible for producing the type Ia supernovae that are used as standard cosmological candles. However, the internal structure of white-dwarf stars-in particular their oxygen content and the stratification of their cores-is still poorly known, because of remaining uncertainties in the physics involved in stellar modelling codes. Here we report a measurement of the radial chemical stratification (of oxygen, carbon and helium) in the hydrogen-deficient white-dwarf star KIC08626021 (J192904.6+444708), independently of stellar-evolution calculations. We use archival data coupled with asteroseismic sounding techniques to determine the internal constitution of this star. We find that the oxygen content and extent of its core exceed the predictions of existing models of stellar evolution. The central homogeneous core has a mass of 0.45 solar masses, and is composed of about 86 per cent oxygen by mass. These values are respectively 40 per cent and 15 per cent greater than those expected from typical white-dwarf models. These findings challenge present theories of stellar evolution and their constitutive physics, and open up an avenue for calibrating white-dwarf cosmochronology.
HAYDN Miglio, Andrea; Girardi, Léo; Grundahl, Frank ...
Experimental astronomy,
06/2021, Letnik:
51, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Web Resource
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In the last decade, the
Kepler
and CoRoT space-photometry missions have demonstrated the potential of asteroseismology as a novel, versatile and powerful tool to perform exquisite tests of stellar ...physics, and to enable precise and accurate characterisations of stellar properties, with impact on both exoplanetary and Galactic astrophysics. Based on our improved understanding of the strengths and limitations of such a tool, we argue for a new small/medium space mission dedicated to gathering high-precision, high-cadence, long photometric series in dense stellar fields. Such a mission will lead to breakthroughs in stellar astrophysics, especially in the metal poor regime, will elucidate the evolution and formation of open and globular clusters, and aid our understanding of the assembly history and chemodynamics of the Milky Way’s bulge and a few nearby dwarf galaxies.
The advent of space photometry with CoRoT and
Kepler
has allowed for the gathering of exquisite and extensive time series for a wealth of main-sequence stars, including
γ
Doradus stars, whose ...detailed seismology was not achievable from the ground.
γ
Doradus stars present an incredibly rich pulsation spectra, with gravito-inertial modes, in some cases supplemented with
δ
Scuti-like pressure modes – for the
hybrid
stars – and, in many cases, with Rossby modes. The present paper aims to show that in addition to these modes which have been established in the radiative envelope, pure inertial modes that are trapped in the convective core can be detected in
Kepler
observations of
γ
Doradus stars thanks to their resonance with the gravito-inertial modes. We started by using a simplified model of perturbations in a full sphere of uniform density. Under these conditions, the spectrum of pure inertial modes is known from analytical solutions of the so-called Poincaré equation. We then computed coupling factors, which helped select the pure inertial modes which interact best with the surrounding dipolar gravito-inertial modes. Using complete calculations of gravito-inertial modes in realistic models of
γ
Doradus stars, we are able to show that the pure inertial and gravito-inertial resonances appear as “dips” in the gravito-inertial mode period spacing series at spin parameters that are close to those predicted by the simple model. We find the first evidence of such dips in the
Kepler
γ
Doradus star KIC 5608334. Finally, using complete calculations in isolated convective cores, we find that the spin parameters of the pure inertial and gravito-inertial resonances are also sensitive to the density stratification of the convective core. In conclusion, we have discovered that certain dips in gravito-inertial mode period spacings that have been observed in some
Kepler
stars are, in fact, signatures of resonances with pure-inertial modes that are trapped in the convective core. This holds the promise that it would be possible to finally access the central conditions, namely, the rotation and density stratification, of intermediate-mass stars in the main sequence.
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