Spatial equality analysis is useful for urban designers and policy makers to produce and/or adapt urban services provision, while supporting the pursuit of the public interest in the urban design ...process. This research focuses on urban public facilities (UPFs), the most relevant physical elements serving the public interest, and proposes a multi-scale methodology from a practical perspective to understand and foster the spatial equality of UPFs. Using Shenzhen to test the approach, this research first investigates the density and aggregation of UPFs at the district level to recognize how developing differentiations and social context act on the spatial patterns in UPFs. Second, the accessibility of different types of UPF are measured at the sub-district level which emphasizes the spatial impedance between demand and supply and the availability of services. Then, we draw location-specific design strategies for better spatial equality at a site scale. The results show “cross-district impact” plays an important role in influencing overall spatial equality. Also, sufficient transportation networks, road configurations, and the diversity of UPFs could significantly improve service capacity and impact the achievement of spatial equality. This paper draws attention to the improvement of spatial equality and can contribute new insights to the interpretation and measurement of the spatial equality in urban design debates.
Heritage Words: Exploring Port City Terms Tianchen Dai; Carola Hein; Dan Baciu
European journal of creative practices in cities and landscapes,
12/2021, Letnik:
4, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The “port-city heritage” has recently gained more scholarly and professional attention. Yet, many questions remain in terms of terminology, characteristics, constituents or applicability of such a ...group of heritage objects. Understanding and defining the port city terms is crucial as it is intimately connected to what citizens and institutions deem valuable and choose to preserve. This article serves as the first step towards developing a shared vocabulary, as the foundation for a better understanding of specific values or identities inherent in port cities. In the world heritage list, we identified 107 sites related to port city. By decoding and analyzing the short abstracts of these sites with a systematic approach, we tried to understand how UNESCO conceptualize port-city heritage, how UNESCO acknowledge the value of port-city heritage sites, what the problematic issues are in this conceptualization and why, and how the historical urban landscape approach can contextualize the sites in larger networks and flows. Findings indicate the port-city heritage conceptualized by UNESCO is focused very much on local contexts, and of OUV that are mostly related to the military, trading and colonial practices. We argue such limited vision on the valuing of port-city heritage impair the understanding of complex linkages between nature and culture, one port-city and another, global and local values, and after all the systematic thinking of port-city-region as a networked entity.
The UNESCO label of World Heritage can attract a high number of tourists to heritage properties for their Outstanding Universal Values (OUV). Although international studies have demonstrated the ...World Heritage system can contribute to stimulating cultural tourism and boosting the local economy, how this heritage-led development process promotes urban conservation and morphological changes in cities is yet to be explored adequately. This paper aims to explore the urban morphology of a historic Chinese city after its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List, taking the Old Town of Lijiang as case. The methods of spatial plan analysis and discourse analysis are used to analyse the data. The research findings have demonstrated that, theoretically, the Conzenian approach of urban morphology can be an effective framework for World Heritage OUV-monitoring. Methodologically, the analysis of spatial plans and multi-stakeholder interviews can reveal local urban morphology from macro to micro levels. Case-specifically in Lijiang, urban physical characteristics and building structures have been well maintained while traditional social fabric and neighbourhood networks have almost vanished. This research has incorporated the urban morphology approach into (world) heritage management in China, as well as worldwide, in order to maintain the balance between urban conservation and economic growth.
This article firstly emphasizes the perspective viewing public spaces as places where meaningful spatial quality, i.e., atmosphere, is generated through multi-sensory spatial experiences, secondly ...proves that atmosphere has a positive direct impact on affective city image, also a positive indirect impact on behavioural intention, and finally proposes strategies of designing, managing and representing architectures and urban spaces, for city image formulation and communication. Nanjing, a historical Chinese city eager to re-image, is chosen as the case area to testify the significance of multi-sensory spatial perception in shaping one's affection for a city. The study reviews the key dimensions composing multi-sensory experience in public spaces, also interviews 162 visitors and 201 residents. The results suggest that, for sustainable urban development, the design, management and promotion of iconic public spaces should holistically enhance people's haptic, audible and visual experience in motion to facilitate perception of atmosphere.
•Multi-sensory spatial experience influences one's perception of atmosphere.•Atmosphere in the architecture/urban space determines affective city image.•Affective city image has a positive direct impact on behavioural intention.•Design of public spaces should enhance multi-sensory experience for city branding.
Past studies have demonstrated the remarkable energy-saving effect of vertical greenery systems. The vast majority of these works focus on opaque building walls. While external shadings on windows ...are more effective than these on walls. Inspired by the climbing plants (vines) raised outside windows by residents, the present study proposed the design of movable green window shading systems (MGWSS) that can shade beam solar radiation but allows soft daylighting. On the basis of simplified MGWSS models, experiments were conducted in summer to evaluate the shading performance with three plant species. First, the energy-saving effect and climatic data were measured for test rooms with west-facing windows. The results indicated that the presence of green shading reduced the impact of solar radiation on the cooling energy consumption with the correlation coefficients from 0.94 to 0.61. Then, the shading coefficient, which is a key parameter for energy saving, was measured by a new technique using photovoltaic panels. The correlation between the coverage rate and the surface-averaged shading coefficient was established. The results showed that when the coverage rate of the MGWSS with Dishcloth gourd was 80%, the shading coefficient was 0.28, and the cooling energy consumption and heat flux transferred through the window glass were reduced by 11.5% and 64.8%, respectively. The shading characteristic was investigated using the instantaneous data. It found that stronger ambient solar radiation resulted in better shading performance (lower shading coefficient). For a west-facing window, the best shading performance was found at oblique solar incidence angles.
•1. Design of movable greenery window shading systems is proposed.•2. Shading with Dishcloth gourd reduced the cooling energy consumption by 11.5%.•3. The heat flux passed through the window glass was decreased by 64.8%.•4. Shading coefficients were exponentially correlated to the percentage coverage.•5. Impacts of solar radiation and solar angle on shading coefficients were revealed.
A comprehensive understanding of water systems across space and time is key, both for sustainable urban development and heritage preservation. However, so far, a clear methodology that links the ...exploration of the past and the protection of heritage properties to the design of the future is still missing. We argue that an exploration of heritage through the lens of water systems using a narrative approach can facilitate the understanding and protection of heritage properties and connect heritage protection to water system thinking. In this research, we established a methodology to collect, code, categorise, and interpret the descriptions of United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage properties created by state members and approved by UNESCO to better understandthe role that water systems currently play in the identification and protection of heritage properties. Based on our findings, we argue that adding water to the analysis of heritage can help overcome the ‘culture-nature’ divide. It can also facilitate the systematic thinking necessary for understanding the historic role of heritage properties and facilitating their protection. A water narrative approach can give due recognition to indigenous water narratives in heritage identification and value assessment. We stress the need for a new water awareness and water narrative, considering the input of a wide range of stakeholders to help develop shared strategies for how to identify, treat, utilise, and manage water resources and make them an inherent part of the balanced and sustainable development of historical waterfront cities. The UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape approach and the World Heritage Canopy offer potent tools to tackle current challenges and to emphasise the importance of the new narrative and contribute to its composition.
Centuries of trade have left their traces in the culture and society of port cities. This paper explores the usefulness of the concept “maritime mindset” to recognize these traces, and analyses it ...from different disciplinary perspectives. In the second part, it proposes the practice of “deep mapping” as a methodology of identifying and documenting expressions of maritime culture and trade in public space. In conclusion, it addresses some questions that are crucial when addressing a maritime mindset, such as whether it is a top-down or bottom-up mindset, which spatial scale it entails, and whose values and interests the mindset represents. Ultimately, we argue that (deep) mapping can play a role in producing a more layered spatial, social and cultural understanding of the complex nature of port cities.
The discrepancy between authenticity regarding heritage conservation and perceived authenticity in heritage tourism has been extensively discussed and seen as an obstacle for sustainable heritage ...tourism and management. In this article, we reviewed the notion of authenticity respectively in heritage conservation and in heritage tourism, interviewed 5 experts and 363 tourists regarding three cultural heritages in Nanjing, China. Findings indicate that once visitors are fully aware of the essential nature, the cultural significance of the cultural heritage, and the connotation of authenticity in heritage conservation, they can assess the cultural values and the authenticity of a given heritage property intellectually from the perspective of conservation. Tourists’ assessment also significantly affects their perceived authenticity and satisfaction. We argue that, heritage conservation can be compatible with heritage consumption, by publicizing sufficient heritage information and encouraging the exchange of heritage knowledge between conservation practitioners and the public.
•The contradiction between heritage conservation and tourist satisfaction is not ineradicable.•Tourists can intellectually assess heritage authenticity based on sufficient information.•Authenticity in conservation determines tourists' perceived authenticity and satisfaction.•Public awareness of conservation knowledge benefits sustainable heritage management.•Exchange of heritage knowledge between laypeople and professionals is crucial.
Compared to modern cities, historical cities of fragile urban fabric are more vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change. Many existing academic publications have respectively studied urban ...climate risk and historical urban landscape management, but rare has systematically reviewed studies across the two fields. This review article provides a thorough understanding of how studies of urban climate and historical urban landscape inform and overlap with each other in a global scope from 1995 to 2021. The main aim is to raise academic awareness of the importance of addressing climatic issues in historical urban landscape studies and incorporating the proper cultural practices from the past into future urban climate management. This review finds a series of gaps in current literature, including insufficient academic attentions in this field, lack of collaborations across disciplines, isolation of cultural and natural knowledge, and lack of inclusiveness of climatic topics and case areas. Instead of focusing purely on urban climate, more research should integrate inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary findings addressing climatic, social, economic, and cultural issues in the development of historical urban landscape and discuss possibilities of their practical implementation. Substantial communication and collaboration between scholars from nature and culture sectors in this emerging field are also suggested to theorize the historical cultural wisdom and learn from successful urban models with a special focus on design and strategic planning so as to strategize for urban resilience and conservation.
•Historical urban landscape serves as a background of urban climate studies.•Academic attention in this field is lacking.•Collaboration between experts from the nature and culture sectors is needed.•Integration and implementation of findings from multiple thematic studies is lacking.•Inclusiveness of climatic topics and historical case areas should be urged.
This paper argues that a gap exists between the marketing of shore excursions and cruise tourists' expectations of ‘local flavor' experiences. The paper first establishes that this discrepancy ...exists, then aims to refine the focus of marketing and promotion, and finally proposes strategies for improving cruise tourists' satisfaction. Amsterdam, a city eager to attract more cruise tourists, is chosen as the case area to evaluate the alignment of marketing and passenger expectation. The study is based on an analysis of tours proposed by cruise companies, using a word frequency analysis of their narratives, and on structured interviews with 228 passengers. The result indicates that marketers should more effectively focus on and promote ‘local flavor' experience. They could place a stronger emphasis on local identity by cooperating with more local partners and engaging tourists in product design.
•Cruise tourists seeking ‘local flavor’ experience in Amsterdam are most disappointed.•Marketers in Amsterdam should more effectively focus on and promote ‘local flavor' experience.•Marketers in Amsterdam should invite more local partners into the tourism supply chain.•Marketers in Amsterdam should help tourists participate in designing the visiting experience.
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