In this paper, we solve a long-standing problem on Bernoulli convolutions. In particular, we show that the Bernoulli convolution μρ with contraction rate ρ∈(0,1) admits a spectrum if and only if ρ is ...the reciprocal of an even integer.
A wideband dual-polarized magneto-electric (ME) dipole for millimeter waveband applications is presented. The ME dipole consists of four shorted patches, which are fed by two pairs of T-shaped probes ...orthogonally oriented on the same layer. The feed lines are connected with the T-shaped probes through metallic vias. Simulated overlapped impedance bandwidth of 50% with return loss larger than 10 dB, gain up to 9.4 dBi, and isolation higher than 17.8 dB between dual polarizations are achieved. By combining the antenna elements with single-layered feed networks, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2 \times 2 </tex-math></inline-formula> array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The overlapped working bandwidth is 50%, with gain up 14.8 dBi. With the advantages of wide bandwidth, single-layered radiation structure, and promising radiation pattern, the proposed antenna with dual polarizations would be attractive for millimeter-wave antenna in package (AiP) applications.
Spectra of Cantor measures Dai, Xin-Rong
Mathematische annalen,
12/2016, Letnik:
366, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The Cantor measures
μ
q
,
b
with
2
=
q
,
b
/
q
∈
Z
are few of known singular continuous measures that admits a spectrum. The spectra of Cantor measures
μ
q
,
b
are not unique and their structure is ...not well-studied. It has been observed that maximal orthogonal sets of the Cantor measure
μ
q
,
b
have tree structure and they can be built by selecting maximal tree appropriately. A challenging problem is when a maximal orthogonal set becomes a spectrum. In this paper, we introduce a measurement on the tree structure associated with a maximal orthogonal set
Λ
of the Cantor measure
μ
q
,
b
, and we use boundedness and linear increment of that measurement to justify whether
Λ
is a spectrum or not. As applications of our justification, we provide a characterization for the expanding set
K
Λ
of a spectrum
Λ
to be a spectrum again. Furthermore, we construct a spectrum
Λ
such that for some integer
K
, the shrinking set
Λ
/
K
is a maximal orthogonal set but not a spectrum.
In the sentencing of murder cases in England and Wales, it is required by law that judges must take into consideration the factors listed in sentencing laws and guidelines (henceforth statutory ...factors). However, judges also have the discretion to include factors that are not listed in such laws or guidelines (henceforth non-statutory factors). This paper explores judges’ positioning towards legal constraints and judicial discretion in sentencing by applying the Appraisal framework to analyse statutory and non-statutory factors in the sentencing remarks for a randomly selected murder case. The major analytical findings are that, with regard to statutory factors, attitudes are implicit and are mainly presented through heteroglossia, while, with regard to non-statutory factors, attitudes are explicit and are mainly presented through monoglossia. These different appraisal features of statutory and non-statutory factors reflect the constraints of sentencing laws and guidelines on the judge’s sentencing practice, and the judge’s full play of judicial discretion in the sentencing of this case. It is expected that findings of this study could add to current understanding of sentencing practice, while its analytical procedure could facilitate appraisal analysis of more sentencing remarks, which would, in turn, complement socio-legal studies on sentencing practice.
Hemophilia A, a bleeding disorder resulting from F8 mutations, can only be cured by gene therapy. A promising strategy is CRISPR-Cas9-mediated precise insertion of F8 in hepatocytes at highly ...expressed gene loci, such as albumin (Alb). Unfortunately, the precise in vivo integration efficiency of a long insert is very low (~ 0.1%).
We report that the use of a double-cut donor leads to a 10- to 20-fold increase in liver editing efficiency, thereby completely reconstituting serum F8 activity in a mouse model of hemophilia A after hydrodynamic injection of Cas9-sgAlb and B domain-deleted (BDD) F8 donor plasmids. We find that the integration of a double-cut donor at the Alb locus in mouse liver is mainly through non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)-mediated knock-in. We then target BDDF8 to multiple sites on introns 11 and 13 and find that NHEJ-mediated insertion of BDDF8 restores hemostasis. Finally, using 3 AAV8 vectors to deliver genome editing components, including Cas9, sgRNA, and BDDF8 donor, we observe the same therapeutic effects. A follow-up of 100 mice over 1 year shows no adverse effects.
These findings lay the foundation for curing hemophilia A by NHEJ knock-in of BDDF8 at Alb introns after AAV-mediated delivery of editing components.
Despite widespread mischaracterization and misconception about its policy objective and content, China’s social credit system project at this point consists primarily of a set of new approaches to ...enforcing conduct norms that already exist in the country’s multi-layered legal and extralegal norm systems. This essay explains such enforcement logic inherent in the project’s application to regulating behaviour of individual citizens. It also argues that the project’s implementation of its envisioned new enforcement paradigm is foremost challenged by design difficulties.
Asymmetric synthesis of indole-annulated medium-sized-ring compounds is developed through an iridium-catalyzed allylic dearomatization/retro-Mannich/hydrolysis cascade reaction. The reaction features ...mild conditions and a broad substrate scope. Under the optimal conditions, various seven-, eight-, or nine-membered-ring compounds can be afforded in good to excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivity. The proposed mechanism is supported by capturing the dearomatized intermediate through in situ reduction.
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The spontaneous db/db mice were used to elucidate the biological effects and mechanisms of Rehmannia glutinosa leaves total glycoside (DHY) on kidney injury through biochemical ...indicators, kidney pathological section analysis, metabolic profiling, intestinal flora analysis and in vitro Human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cell model induced by high glucose. It was found that DHY can decrease the blood sugar level (insulin, INS; fasting blood glucose, FBG), blood lipid level (Total Cholesterol, T-CHO; Triglyceride, TG) significantly and improve kidney injury level (blood urea nitrogen, BUN; urine microalbumin, mALB; serum creatinine, Scr). It can also alleviate kidney tubular epithelial cell oedema and reduce interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia of the injury kidney induced by high glucose. 13 endogenous metabolites were identified in serum, which involved of ether lipid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism. High glucose can also lead to the disorder of intestinal flora, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroides. Meanwhile, DHY also inhibited the expression of α-SMA, TGF- β1, Smad3 and Smad4 in the kidney tissues of db/db mice and HK-2 cells. To sum up, DHY may restore the dysfunctional intestinal flora to normal and regulate glycolipid level of db/db mice as well as TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway regulation to improve early kidney damage caused by diabetes.
We describe the full structure of the frame set for the Gabor system G(g;α,β):={e−2πimβ⋅g(⋅−nα):m,n∈Z} with the window being the Haar function g=−χ−1/2,0)+χ0,1/2). This is the first compactly ...supported window function for which the frame set is represented explicitly.
The strategy of this paper is to introduce the piecewise linear transformation M on the unit circle, and to provide a complete characterization of structures for its (symmetric) maximal invariant sets. This transformation is related to the famous three gap theorem of Steinhaus which may be of independent interest. Furthermore, a classical criterion on Gabor frames is improved, which allows us to establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the Gabor system G(g;α,β) to be a frame, i.e., the symmetric invariant set of the transformation M is empty.
Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality worldwide with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 85% of the cases. Therapies for lung cancer have relatively poor outcomes and further ...improvements are required. Circular RNAs have been reported to participate in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Information on the functions and mechanism of circRNAs in lung cancer is limited and needs more exploration.
We detected expression of genes and proteins by qPCR and western blot. Function of circSATB2 was investigated using RNA interference and overexpression assays. Location of circSATB2 was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Interaction of circSATB2, miR-326 and FSCN1 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay.
Data from the investigation showed that circSATB2 was highly expressed in NSCLC cells and tissues. circSATB2 positively regulated fascin homolog 1, actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) expression via miR-326 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, circSATB2 can be transferred by exosomes and promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells, as well as induce abnormal proliferation in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Also, circSATB2 was highly expressed in serumal exosomes from lung cancer patients with high sensitivity and specificity for clinical detection and was related to lung cancer metastasis.
circSATB2 participated in the progression of NSCLC and was differentially expressed in lung cancer tissue and serumal exosomes. circSATB2 may be potential biomarker for the diagnosis of NSCLC.
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