Insulin secretion from pancreatic islet β‐cells is stimulated by glucose. Glucose‐induced insulin release is potentiated or suppressed by hormones and neural substances. Ghrelin, an acylated 28‐amino ...acid peptide, was isolated from the stomach in 1999 as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue‐receptor (GHS‐R). Circulating ghrelin is produced predominantly in the stomach and to a lesser extent in the intestine, pancreas and brain. Ghrelin, initially identified as a potent stimulator of GH release and feeding, has been shown to suppress glucose‐induced insulin release. This insulinostatic action is mediated by Gαi2 subtype of GTP‐binding proteins and delayed outward K+ (Kv) channels. Interestingly, ghrelin is produced in pancreatic islets. The ghrelin originating from islets restricts insulin release and thereby upwardly regulates the systemic glucose level. Furthermore, blockade or elimination of ghrelin enhances insulin release, which can ameliorate glucose intolerance in high‐fat diet fed mice and ob/ob mice. This review focuses on the insulinostatic action of ghrelin, its signal transduction mechanisms in islet β‐cells, ghrelin's status as an islet hormone, physiological roles of ghrelin in regulating systemic insulin levels and glycaemia, and therapeutic potential of the ghrelin‐GHS‐R system as the target to treat type 2 diabetes.
The incidence of anthrax, which is caused by Bacillus anthracis, in the human and animal population of Mongolia has increased recently, and control of this infection is a nationwide concern. In this ...study, 29 isolates obtained from animals and various regions in Mongolia from 2001 to 2007 were analyzed by performing multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for 8 loci (MLVA-8) to understand the genetic relationship between the Mongolian B. anthracis isolates. We found that all the Mongolian isolates can be classified into A3 cluster along with the Japanese and the Chinese B. anthracis isolates. Our data revealed that MLVA-8 is useful for studying the molecular epidemiology of the Mongolian B. anthracis isolates and would help characterize B. anthracis infections in Mongolia.
Studying a condition thyroid systems according to objective survey, ultrasonic inspection, research thyroid the status at patients with the verified diagnosis a chronic hepatites B and C. 50 patients ...(29 men and 21 women, in the age of from 18 till 59 years, (middle age (22,3 ± 3,8) year) is lead, average duration of disease (3,4 ± 1,2) year with a chronic hepatites B and C. structure of a pathology of a thyroid gland, clinical current autoimmune pathology on a background of a hepatites is estimated B and C, parameters of a functional condition thyroid systems at the given group of patients are investigated. It is revealed, that the virus of a hepatites C negatively influences a condition thyroid systems and proves role НСV as one of factors in development autoimmune pathology.
The purpose of research was to give the comparative characteristic of a daily profile and circadian rhythm of blood pressure at patients with autoimmune thyreoditis depending on function of a thyroid ...gland. 66 patients with autoimmune thyreoditis and 25 healthy examinees participated in research. The received results testify that the daily rhythm of arterial pressure at patients with autoimmune thyreoditis authentically depends on the functional characteristic of a thyroid gland. Infringements of circadian rhythm of systolic blood pressure «non-dipper» and excessive decrease of diastolic blood pressure at night are characteristic for patients with autoimmune thyreoditis.
PDF
