Purpose
It is not known whether chemotherapy-related symptom experiences differ between Black and White women with early breast cancer (Stage I–III) receiving current chemotherapy regimens and, in ...turn, influences dose delay, dose reduction, early treatment discontinuation, or hospitalization.
Methods
Patients self-reported their race and provided symptom reports for 17 major side effects throughout chemotherapy. Toxicity and adverse events were analyzed separately for anthracycline and non-anthracycline regimens. Fisher’s exact tests and two-sample t-tests compared baseline patient characteristics. Modified Poisson regression estimated relative risks of moderate, severe, or very severe (MSVS) symptom severity, and chemotherapy-related adverse events.Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.no changes
Results
In 294 patients accrued between 2014 and 2020, mean age was 58 (SD13) and 23% were Black. For anthracycline-based regimens, the only significant difference in MSVS symptoms was in lymphedema (41% Black vs 20% White,
p
= .04) after controlling for axillary surgery. For non-anthracycline regimens, the only significant difference was MSVS peripheral neuropathy (41% Blacks vs. 23% White) after controlling for taxane type (
p
= .05) and diabetes (
p
= .05). For all other symptoms, severity scores were similar. Dose reduction differed significantly for non-anthracycline regimens (49% Black vs. 25% White,
p
= .01), but not for anthracycline regimens or in dose delay, early treatment discontinuation, or hospitalization for either regimen.
Conclusion
Except for lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy, Black and White patients reported similar symptom severity during adjuvant chemotherapy. Dose reductions in Black patients were more common for non-anthracycline regimens. In this sample, there were minimal differences in patient-reported symptoms and other adverse outcomes in Black versus White patients.
Background
Advances in breast cancer research are making treatment options increasingly effective and reducing mortality. Body composition is an example of a prognostic tool that can help personalize ...breast cancer treatments and further increase their effectiveness. In this study, we examine the association of several body composition measures with comorbidities, physical function, and quality of life.
Methods
This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 99 women with early breast cancer scheduled for chemotherapy. Univariate regression models were used to identify significant associations of body composition metrics with patient demographics, clinical characteristics, measures of physical function, and patient-reported outcomes (PRO)s. Multivariable modeling was used to evaluate associations adjusted for age.
Results
Median age was 58 (range 24–83), 27% were non-white, and, 47% were obese (≥ 30 kg/m
2
). Increasing age was associated with lower Skeletal Muscle Density (SMD) (
p
= 0.0001), lower Skeletal Muscle Gauge (SMG) (
p
= 0.0005), and higher Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) (
p
< 0.0001). In patients with a prolonged Timed Up and Go tests (> 14 s), mean VAT was 57.87 higher (
p
= 0.004), SMD 5.70 lower (
p
= 0.04), and SMG 325.4 lower (
p
= 0.02). For each point of higher performance on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), VAT decreased 12.24 (
p
= 0.002) and SMD rose 1.22 (
p
= 0.02). In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, the association of TUG > 14 with higher VAT remained significant (
p
= 0.02).
Conclusions
Suboptimal body composition prior to treatment is associated poor physical function and may be an indicator of clinical importance.
Abstract The average energy and multiplicity of prompt $$\gamma $$ γ -rays from slow neutron-induced fission of $$^{235}$$ 235 U have been measured using the STEFF spectrometer at the neutron ...time-of-flight facility n_TOF. The individual responses from 11 NaI scintillators were corrected for multiple $$\gamma $$ γ -ray interactions, prompt fission neutrons and background counts before being deconvolved to estimate the emitted spectrum of prompt fission $$\gamma $$ γ -rays. The results give an average $$\gamma $$ γ -ray energy $${\bar{E}}_{\gamma }$$ E ¯ γ of 1.71(5) MeV and multiplicity $$\bar{\nu }_{\gamma }$$ ν ¯ γ of 2.66(18) considering $$\gamma $$ γ -rays emitted within the energy range 0.8–6.8 MeV. The n_TOF data has a slightly larger $${\bar{E}}_{\gamma }$$ E ¯ γ and smaller $$\bar{\nu }_{\gamma }$$ ν ¯ γ than other recent measurements, however the product of the two is in agreement within quoted uncertainties.
i-TED is an innovative detection system which exploits Compton imaging techniques to achieve a superior signal-to-background ratio in (
n
,
γ
) cross-section measurements using time-of-flight ...technique. This work presents the first experimental validation of the i-TED apparatus for high-resolution time-of-flight experiments and demonstrates for the first time the concept proposed for background rejection. To this aim, the
197
Au(
n
,
γ
) and
56
Fe(
n
,
γ
) reactions were studied at CERN n_TOF using an i-TED demonstrator based on three position-sensitive detectors. Two C
6
D
6
detectors were also used to benchmark the performance of i-TED. The i-TED prototype built for this study shows a factor of
∼
3 higher detection sensitivity than state-of-the-art C
6
D
6
detectors in the 10 keV neutron-energy region of astrophysical interest. This paper explores also the perspectives of further enhancement in performance attainable with the final i-TED array consisting of twenty position-sensitive detectors and new analysis methodologies based on Machine-Learning techniques.
Abstract
Neutron capture reaction cross sections on
$$^{74}$$
74
Ge are of importance to determine
$$^{74}$$
74
Ge production during the astrophysical slow neutron capture process. We present new ...resonance data on
$$^{74}$$
74
Ge(
$$n,\gamma $$
n
,
γ
) reactions below 70 keV neutron energy. We calculate Maxwellian averaged cross sections, combining our data below 70 keV with evaluated cross sections at higher neutron energies. Our stellar cross sections are in agreement with a previous activation measurement performed at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe by Marganiec et al., once their data has been re-normalised to account for an update in the reference cross section used in that experiment.
.
Neutron capture cross section measurements on
155
Gd and
157
Gd were performed using the time-of-flight technique at the n_TOF facility at CERN on isotopically enriched samples. The measurements ...were carried out in the n_TOF experimental area EAR1, at 185 m from the neutron source, with an array of 4 C
6
D
6
liquid scintillation detectors. At a neutron kinetic energy of 0.0253 eV, capture cross sections of 62.2(2.2) and 239.8(8.4) kilobarn have been derived for
155
Gd and
157
Gd, respectively, with up to 6% deviation relative to values presently reported in nuclear data libraries, but consistent with those values within 1.6 standard deviations. A resonance shape analysis has been performed in the resolved resonance region up to 181 eV and 307 eV, respectively for
155
Gd and
157
Gd, where on average, resonance parameters have been found in good agreement with evaluations. Above these energies and up to 1 keV, the observed resonance-like structure of the cross section has been analysed and characterised. From a statistical analysis of the observed neutron resonances we deduced: neutron strength function of
2
.
01
(
28
)
×
10
-
4
and
2
.
17
(
41
)
×
10
-
4
; average total radiative width of 106.8(14) meV and 101.1(20) meV and
s
-wave resonance spacing 1.6(2) eV and 4.8(5) eV for n +
155
Gd and n +
157
Gd systems, respectively.
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