The inbuilt mechanisms of plant survival have been exploited for improving tolerance to abiotic stresses. Stress-associated proteins (SAPs), containing A20/AN1 zinc-finger domains, confer abiotic ...stress tolerance in different plants, however, their interacting partners and downstream targets remain to be identified. In this study, we have investigated the subcellular interactions of rice SAPs and their interacting partner using yeast two-hybrid and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) approaches. Their efficacy in improving abiotic stress tolerance was analysed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Regulation of gene expression by genome-wide microarray in transgenics was used to identify downstream targets. It was found that the A20 domain mediates the interaction of OsSAP1 with self, its close homolog OsSAP11 and a rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, OsRLCK253. Such interactions between OsSAP1/11 and with OsRLCK253 occur at nuclear membrane, plasma membrane and in nucleus. Functionally, both OsSAP11 and OsRLCK253 could improve the water-deficit and salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants via a signaling pathway affecting the expression of several common endogenous genes. Components of a novel stress-responsive pathway have been identified. Their stress-inducible expression provided the protection against yield loss in transgenic plants, indicating the agronomic relevance of OsSAP11 and OsRLCK253 in conferring abiotic stress tolerance.
Stress associated proteins (SAPs), novel A20/AN1 zinc‐finger domain‐containing proteins, are fast emerging as potential candidates for biotechnological approaches in order to improve abiotic stress ...tolerance in plants – the ultimate aim of which is crop‐yield protection. Until relatively recently, such proteins had only been identified in humans, where they had been shown to be key regulators of innate immunity. Their phylogenetic relationship and recruitment of diverse protein domains reflect an architectural and mechanistic diversity. Emerging evidence suggests that SAPs may act as ubiquitin ligase, redox sensor, and regulator of gene expression during stress. Here, we evaluate the new knowledge on SAPs with a view to understand their mechanism of action. Furthermore, we set an agenda for investigating hitherto unexplored roles of these proteins.
Stress associated proteins (SAPs) are novel A20/AN1 zinc‐finger proteins of plants showing phylogenetic relationship with their homologs in animals. They help protect crop‐yield loss due to stress by acting as ubiquitin ligase, redox sensor, and regulator of gene expression. Also, they are known regulators of innate immunity in animals.
Stress associated proteins (SAPs) are the A20/AN1 zinc-finger containing proteins which can regulate the stress signaling in plants. The rice SAP protein, OsSAP1 has been shown to confer abiotic ...stress tolerance to plants, when overexpressed, by modulating the expression of endogenous stress-related genes. To further understand the mechanism of OsSAP1-mediated stress signaling, OsSAP1 interacting proteins were identified using yeast two-hybrid analysis. Two novel proteins, aminotransferase (OsAMTR1) and a SCP/TAPS or pathogenesis-related 1 class of protein (OsSCP) were found to interact with OsSAP1. The genes encoding OsAMTR1 and OsSCP were stress-responsive and showed higher expression upon abiotic stress treatments. The role of OsAMTR1 and OsSCP under stress was analyzed by overexpressing them constitutively in Arabidopsis and responses of transgenic plants were assessed under salt and water-deficit stress. The OsAMTR1 and OsSCP overexpressing plants showed higher seed germination, root growth and fresh weight than wild-type plants under stress conditions. Overexpression of OsAMTR1 and OsSCP affected the expression of many known stress-responsive genes which were not affected by the overexpression of OsSAP1. Moreover, the transcript levels of OsSCP and OsAMTR1 were also unaffected by the overexpression of OsSAP1. Hence, it was concluded that OsSAP1 regulates the stress responsive signaling by interacting with these proteins which further regulate the downstream stress responsive gene expression.
In recent times, providing privacy to the medical dataset has been the biggest issue in medical applications. Since, in hospitals, the patient's data are stored in files, the files must be secured ...properly. Thus, different machine learning models were developed to overcome data privacy issues. But, those models faced some problems in providing privacy to medical data. Therefore, a novel model named Honey pot-based Modular Neural System (HbMNS) was designed in this paper. Here, the performance of the proposed design is validated with disease classification. Also, the perturbation function and the verification module are incorporated into the designed HbMNS model to provide data privacy. The presented model is implemented in a python environment. Moreover, the system outcomes are estimated before and after fixing the perturbation function. A DoS attack is launched in the system to validate the method. At last, a comparative assessment is made between executed models with other models. From the comparison, it is verified that the presented model achieved better outcomes than others.
The production mechanism of quarkonia states in hadronic collisions is still to be understood by the scientific community. In high-multiplicity p+p collisions, underlying event observables are of ...major interest. The multiparton interactions (MPIs) are underlying event observables, in which several interactions occur at the partonic level in a single p+p event. This leads to dependence of particle production on event multiplicity. If the MPI occurs in a harder scale, there will be a correlation between the yield of quarkonia and total charged-particle multiplicity. The ALICE experiment at the LHC in p+p collisions at s=7 and 13 TeV has observed an approximate linear increase of relative J/ψ yield, (dNJ/ψ/dy⟨dNJ/ψ/dy⟩), with relative charged-particle multiplicity density, (dNch/dy⟨dNch/dy⟩). In our present work, we have performed a comprehensive study of the production of charmonia as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in p+p collisions at LHC energies using the perturbative QCD–inspired multiparton interaction model, pythia8 tune 4C, with and without the color reconnection scheme. A detailed multiplicity and energy-dependent study is performed to understand the effects of MPI on J/ψ production. The ratio of ψ(2S) to J/ψ is also studied as a function of charged-particle multiplicity at LHC energies.
The edifice of the Indian Constitutional order, which is rooted in the ideals of social justice, liberty, equality, and dignity of individual, secures the basic fundamental rights of its citizen ...without any discrimination. In spite of constitutional guarantees to its citizenry, vulnerable sections of Indian societies are subjected to various forms of exploitation. Amongst those, children are the most susceptible, due to societal indifference, and lack of compassion and empathy, which resulted in large-scale child trafficking in India. Phenomena of child trafficking and its volume pose a serious question about efficacy of existing policies and programmes against it. In India, there are ‘Child Care Institutions’ (CCIs) to look after the well-being and rehabilitation of such children. Unfortunately, not much attention has been paid to strengthening such homes. Under the existing framework, responsibility has been cast on CCIs to oversee the overall growth and development of such institutionalised children. Appropriate education is their only crutch on which they can overcome their physical and psychological trauma and suffering. From the present study, it is evident that educational rights of such children are imperative for the restoration of their life in the true sense. Measures for improving their life are suggested thereof.
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) that was first identified in China in December 2019 has spread across the globe rapidly infecting over ten million people. The World Health Organization ...(WHO) declared it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. What makes it even more critical is the lack of vaccines available to control the disease, although many pharmaceutical companies and research institutions all over the world are working toward developing effective solutions to battle this life-threatening disease. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images scanning is one of the most encouraging exploration zones; it can help in finding and providing early diagnosis to diseases and gives both quick and precise outcomes. In this study, convolution neural networks method is used for binary classification pneumonia-based conversion of VGG-19, Inception_V2 and decision tree model on X-ray and CT scan images dataset, which contains 360 images. It can infer that fine-tuned version VGG-19, Inception_V2 and decision tree model show highly satisfactory performance with a rate of increase in training and validation accuracy (91%) other than Inception_V2 (78%) and decision tree (60%) models.
Heritable variation in the timing of rhythmic events with respect to daily time cues gives rise to chronotypes. Despite its importance, the mechanisms (clock or non-clock) regulating chronotypes ...remain elusive. Using artificial laboratory selection for divergent phasing of emergence of adults from pupae, our group has derived populations of Drosophila melanogaster which are early and late chronotypes for eclosion rhythm. Several circadian rhythm characteristics of these populations have since been described. We hypothesized that our selection protocol has inadvertently resulted in selection for masking, a non-clock phenomenon, in the early chronotype due to the placement of our selection window (which includes the lights-ON transition). We designed experiments to discriminate between enhanced masking to light versus circadian clock mediated changes in determining enhanced emergence in the morning window in our early chronotypes. Using a series of phase-shift protocols, LD-DD transition, and T-cycle experiments, we find that our early chronotypes have evolved positive masking, and their apparent entrained phases are largely contributed by masking. Through skeleton T-cycle experiments, we find that in addition to the evolution of greater masking, our early chronotypes have also evolved advanced phase of entrainment. Furthermore, our study systematically outlines experimental approaches to examine relative contributions of clock versus non-clock control of an entrained behavior. Although it has previously been suggested that masking may confer an adaptive advantage to organisms, here we provide experimental evidence for the evolution of masking as a means of phasing that can complement clock control of an entrained behavior.
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