Frank conjunctival bleeding in an adult male is a very rare presentation. There are so many causes of conjunctival bleedings; hence, a detailed medical history along with investigations apart from ...ocular, ENT, and a systemic evaluation is very important to find the exact etiology. Here, we present a case of frank conjunctival bleeding in an 18-year-old boy with a history of acne disorder and hematemesis. Detailed ocular, dermatological, and systemic examination has shown a correlation between acne disorder, meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye syndrome, and Helicobacter pylori (HP) gastritis in this case. HP infection along with androgen hormone overactivity has been thought to be responsible for the pathophysiology of this frank conjunctival bleeding in this case.
Additive manufacturing (AM) holds great potential for improving materials efficiency, reducing life-cycle impacts, and enabling greater engineering functionality compared to conventional ...manufacturing (CM), and AM has been increasingly adopted by aircraft component manufacturers for lightweight, cost-effective designs. This study estimates the net changes in life-cycle primary energy and greenhouse gas emissions associated with AM technologies for lightweight metallic aircraft components through the year 2050, to shed light on the environmental benefits of a shift from CM to AM processes in the U.S. aircraft industry. A systems modeling framework is presented, with integrates engineering criteria, life-cycle environmental data, aircraft fleet stock and fuel use models under different AM adoption scenarios. Estimated fleet-wide life-cycle primary energy savings at most reach 70-173 million GJ/year in 2050, with cumulative savings of 1.2–2.8 billion GJ. Associated cumulative GHG emission reductions were estimated at 92.1–215.0 million metric tons. In addition, thousands of tons of aluminum, titanium and nickel alloys could be potentially saved per year in 2050. The results indicate a significant role of AM technologies in helping society meet its long-term energy use and GHG emissions reduction goals, and highlight barriers and opportunities for AM adoption for the aircraft industry.
•We estimate the energy and GHG saving potentials of AM lightweight aircraft parts.•Model includes adoption estimation, LCI, fleet stock and scenarios through 2050.•Total fleet-wide life-cycle primary energy savings potentials is 1.2–2.8 billing GJ.•Associated cumulative emission reduction potentials of CO2e is 93–217 million tons.•Thousands tones of Al, Ti and Ni alloys could be saved per year in 2050.
Prediction of breast tumour malignancy using ultrasound imaging, is an important step for early detection of breast cancer. An efficient prediction system can be a great help to improve the survival ...chances of the involved patients. In this work, a machine learning (ML)—radiomics based classification pipeline is proposed, to perform this predictive modelling task, in a much more efficient manner. Multiple different types of image features of the region of interests are considered in this work, followed by a recursive feature elimination based feature selection step. Furthermore, a synthetic minority oversampling technique based step is also included in the pipeline, to deal with the class imbalance problem, that is often present in medical imaging datasets. Various ML models are considered in the subsequent model training phase, on a publicly available breast ultrasound image dataset (BUSI). From experimental analysis it has been observed that, shape, texture and histogram oriented gradients related features are the most informative, with respect to the predictive modelling task. Furthermore, it was observed that ensemble learners such as random forest, gradient boosting and AdaBoost classifiers are able to achieve significant results with respect to multiple evaluation metrics. The proposed approach achieved the state‐of‐the‐art accuracy, area under the curve, F1‐score and Mathews correlation coefficient values of 0.974, 0.97, 0.94 and 0.959, respectively, on the BUSI dataset. Such kind of impressive results suggest that the proposed approach can have a very high practical utility, in real medical diagnostic settings.
In block-sparse-based compressed sensing, a block of indices is recovered from a non-adaptive random sample, which requires less computational time. Nonetheless, high-dimensional signals demand large ...storage spaces for sensing matrices in signal reconstruction. In this paper, a modified block sensing matrix is constructed from an initial dense submatrix. Its elements are drawn from an identically independent random Gaussian distribution. The full sensing matrix is not required in all intermediate computations. And, the required subset of sub-matrices can be generated at any stage of computation. It requires less storage space. The natural signal-like image does not exhibit any block-sparse property. In this paper, such signals are turned into blocks of sparse signals with suitable arrangements. The proposed sensing matrix provides efficient recovery of block-sparse signals using the proposed modified block orthogonal matching pursuit (MEBOMP) algorithm with proper adjustment. The results and analysis show the better performance of the proposed methods over other sensing matrices.
Reducing the switching energy of ferroelectric thin films remains an important goal in the pursuit of ultralow-power ferroelectric memory and logic devices. Here, we elucidate the fundamental role of ...lattice dynamics in ferroelectric switching by studying both freestanding bismuth ferrite (BiFeO
) membranes and films clamped to a substrate. We observe a distinct evolution of the ferroelectric domain pattern, from striped, 71° ferroelastic domains (spacing of ~100 nm) in clamped BiFeO
films, to large (10's of micrometers) 180° domains in freestanding films. By removing the constraints imposed by mechanical clamping from the substrate, we can realize a ~40% reduction of the switching voltage and a consequent ~60% improvement in the switching speed. Our findings highlight the importance of a dynamic clamping process occurring during switching, which impacts strain, ferroelectric, and ferrodistortive order parameters and plays a critical role in setting the energetics and dynamics of ferroelectric switching.
Abstract
Polar vortices in oxide superlattices exhibit complex polarization topologies. Using a combination of electron energy loss near-edge structure analysis, crystal field multiplet theory, and ...first-principles calculations, we probe the electronic structure within such polar vortices in (PbTiO
3
)
16
/(SrTiO
3
)
16
superlattices at the atomic scale. The peaks in Ti
$$L$$
L
-edge spectra shift systematically depending on the position of the Ti
4+
cations within the vortices i.e., the direction and magnitude of the local dipole. First-principles computation of the local projected density of states on the Ti
$$3d$$
3
d
orbitals, together with the simulated crystal field multiplet spectra derived from first principles are in good agreement with the experiments.
The theory of compressed sensing asserts that one can recover signals in
R
n
from far fewer samples or measurements, if the signal has a sparse representation in some orthonormal basis; from ...non-adaptive linear measurements by solving a
L
1
norm minimisation problem. The non-adaptive measurements have the character of random linear combinations of the basis or frame elements. However, for large-scale 2D image signals, the randomized sensing matrix consumes enormous computational resources that makes it impractical. The problem has been addressed in the paper as a block compressed sensing (BCS) with sparsity normalization in the transformed domain in the preprocessing stage. The blocks obtained are converted to non-adaptive measurements using identically independent weighted Gaussian random matrices. The feasibility of reconstruction is verified using orthogonal matching pursuit. Simulation results show that better reconstruction performance can be achieved by the proposed technique in comparison with the existing BCS approaches.
Optimal selection of sustainable materials in construction projects can benefit several stakeholders in their respective industries with the triple bottom line (TBL) framework in a broader ...perspective of greater business value. Multiple criteria of social, environmental, and economic aspects should be essentially accounted for the optimal selection of materials involving the significant group of experts to avoid project failures. This paper proposes an evaluation framework for solving multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problems with incomplete weight information by extending the combinative distance assessment (CODAS) method with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. To compute the unknown weights of the evaluation criteria, this paper presents an optimization model based on the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy distance measure. In this study, we emphasize the importance of individual decision makers. To illustrate the proposed approach, an example of material selection in automotive parts industry is presented followed by a real case study of brick selection in sustainable building construction projects. The comparative study indicates the advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with the some relevant approaches. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed IVIF-CODAS method has been performed by changing the criteria weights, where the results show a high degree of stability.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the second-most common central nervous system cancer after meningiomas. GBM is sporadic and is slightly more common in men than women over 50 years of age whereas, ...females were predominant in the present case series. All patients presented with symptoms of headache, drowsiness, nausea, and personality changes. On ophthalmic examination, all of them had papilledema. On subsequent brain imagining, there were space-occupying lesions and all were confirmed GBM after histopathological examination of the tumor. Neuroimaging is the gold standard of investigations for GBM and diagnosis is confirmed by tissue biopsy.
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