A
bstract
Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) is New Physics that must occur, but is stringently constrained by experiments searching for
μ ↔ e
flavour change, such as
μ → eγ
,
μ →
e
e
¯
e
or
μ → e
...conversion. However, in an Effective Field Theory(EFT) parametrisation, there are many more
μ ↔ e
operators than restrictive constraints, so determining operator coefficients from data is a remote dream. It is nonetheless interesting to learn about New Physics from data, so this manuscript introduces “observable-vectors” in the space of operator coefficients, which identify at any scale the combination of coefficients probed by the observable. These vectors have an overlap ≳ 10
−
3
with most of the coefficients, and are used to study whether
μ → eγ
,
μ →
e
e
¯
e
and
μ → e
conversion give complementary information about New Physics. The appendix gives updated sensitivities of these processes, (and a subset of
τ → ℓ
decays), to operator coefficients at the weak scale in the SMEFT and in the EFT below
m
W
.
Stimuli‐responsive and active materials promise radical advances for many applications. In particular, soft magnetic materials offer precise, fast, and wireless actuation together with versatile ...functionality, while liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are capable of large reversible and programmable shape‐morphing with high work densities in response to various environmental stimuli, e.g., temperature, light, and chemical solutions. Integrating the orthogonal stimuli‐responsiveness of these two kinds of active materials could potentially enable new functionalities and future applications. Here, magnetic microparticles (MMPs) are embedded into an LCE film to take the respective advantages of both materials without compromising their independent stimuli‐responsiveness. This composite material enables reconfigurable magnetic soft miniature machines that can self‐adapt to a changing environment. In particular, a miniature soft robot that can autonomously alter its locomotion mode when it moves from air to hot liquid, a vine‐like filament that can sense and twine around a support, and a light‐switchable magnetic spring are demonstrated. The integration of LCEs and MMPs into monolithic structures introduces a new dimension in the design of soft machines and thus greatly enhances their use in applications in complex environments, especially for miniature soft robots, which are self‐adaptable to environmental changes while being remotely controllable.
A liquid crystal elastomer material with embedded ferromagnetic microparticles takes advantage of both magnetic and thermal stimuli‐responsiveness. Such a monolithic soft material enables reconfigurable magnetic soft miniature machines that self‐adapt to changing environmental conditions. The hybrid material introduces a multi‐modal actuation and physical intelligence capability for wireless soft machines.
A
bstract
In this article, a complete analysis of the three muonic lepton-flavour violating processes
μ
→
e
γ,
μ
→ 3
e
and coherent nuclear
μ
→
e
conversion is performed in the framework of an ...effective theory with dimension six operators defined below the electroweak symmetry breaking scale
m
W
. The renormalisation-group evolution of the Wilson coefficients between
m
W
and the experimental scale is fully taken into account at the leading order in QCD and QED, and explicit analytic and numerical evolution matrices are given. As a result, muonic decay and conversion rates are interpreted as functions of the Wilson coefficients at any scale up to
m
W
. Taking the experimental limits on these processes as input, the phenomenology of the mixing effects is investigated. It is found that a considerable set of Wilson coefficients unbounded in the simplistic tree-level approach are instead severely constrained. In addition, correlations among operators are studied both in the light of current data and future experimental prospects.
Declarative memory is usually described as consisting of two systems: semantic and episodic memory. Between these two poles, however, may lie a third entity: personal semantics (PS). PS concerns ...knowledge of one's past. Although typically assumed to be an aspect of semantic memory, it is essentially absent from existing models of knowledge. Furthermore, like episodic memory (EM), PS is idiosyncratically personal (i.e., not culturally-shared). We show that, depending on how it is operationalized, the neural correlates of PS can look more similar to semantic memory, more similar to EM, or dissimilar to both. We consider three different perspectives to better integrate PS into existing models of declarative memory and suggest experimental strategies for disentangling PS from semantic and episodic memory.
Early sexual maturation is considered a serious drawback for Atlantic salmon aquaculture as it retards growth, increases production times and affects flesh quality. Although both growth and sexual ...maturation are thought to be complex processes controlled by several genetic and environmental factors, selection for these traits has been continuously accomplished since the beginning of Atlantic salmon selective breeding programs. In this genome-wide association study (GWAS) we used a 6.5K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to genotype ∼ 480 individuals from the Cermaq Canada broodstock program and search for SNPs associated with growth and age at sexual maturation. Using a mixed model approach we identified markers showing a significant association with growth, grilsing (early sexual maturation) and late sexual maturation. The most significant associations were found for grilsing, with markers located in Ssa10, Ssa02, Ssa13, Ssa25 and Ssa12, and for late maturation with markers located in Ssa28, Ssa01 and Ssa21. A lower level of association was detected with growth on Ssa13. Candidate genes, which were linked to these genetic markers, were identified and some of them show a direct relationship with developmental processes, especially for those in association with sexual maturation. However, the relatively low power to detect genetic markers associated with growth (days to 5 kg) in this GWAS indicates the need to use a higher density SNP array in order to overcome the low levels of linkage disequilibrium observed in Atlantic salmon before the information can be incorporated into a selective breeding program.
The objective of the current study was to understand the added effects of having a sensory impairment (vision and/or hearing impairment) in combination with cognitive impairment with respect to ...health-related outcomes among older adults (65+ years old) receiving home care or residing in a long-term care (LTC) facility in Ontario, Canada.
Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using existing data collected with one of two interRAI assessments, one for home care (n = 291,824) and one for LTC (n = 110,578). Items in the assessments were used to identify clients with single sensory impairments (e.g., vision only VI, hearing only HI), dual sensory impairment (DSI; i.e., vision and hearing) and those with cognitive impairment (CI). We defined seven mutually exclusive groups based on the presence of single or combined impairments.
The rate of people having all three impairments (i.e., CI+DSI) was 21.3% in home care and 29.2% in LTC. Across the seven groups, individuals with all three impairments were the most likely to report loneliness, to have a reduction in social engagement, and to experience reduced independence in their activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). Communication challenges were highly prevalent in this group, at 38.0% in home care and 49.2% in LTC. In both care settings, communication difficulties were more common in the CI+DSI group versus the CI-alone group.
The presence of combined sensory and cognitive impairments is high among older adults in these two care settings and having all three impairments is associated with higher rates of negative outcomes than the rates for those having CI alone. There is a rising imperative for all health care professionals to recognize the potential presence of hearing, vision and cognitive impairments in those for whom they provide care, to ensure that basic screening occurs and to use those results to inform care plans.
Contact interactions of a muon, an electron and two photons can contribute to the decay μ → eγγ, but also to the conversion of a muon into an electron in the electric field of a nucleus. We calculate ...the μ → e conversion rate, and show that for the coefficients of operators involving the combination FF ∝ |→E|2 (as opposed to F˜F ∝ →E⋅ →B), the current bound on μ → e conversion is more sensitive than the bound on μ → eγγ.
The recent surge in event-related fMRI studies of episodic memory has generated a wealth of information about the neural correlates of encoding and retrieval processes. However, interpretation of ...individual studies is hampered by methodological differences, and by the fact that sample sizes are typically small. We submitted results from studies of episodic memory in healthy young adults, published between 1998 and 2007, to a voxel-wise quantitative meta-analysis using activation likelihood estimation Laird, A. R., McMillan, K. M., Lancaster, J. L., Kochunov, P., Turkeltaub, P. E., & Pardo, J. V., et al. (2005). A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the stroop task. Human Brain Mapping, 25, 6–21. We conducted separate meta-analyses for four contrasts of interest: episodic encoding success as measured in the subsequent-memory paradigm (subsequent Hit vs. Miss), episodic retrieval success (Hit vs. Correct Rejection), objective recollection (e.g., Source Hit vs. Item Hit), and subjective recollection (e.g., Remember vs. Know). Concordance maps revealed significant cross-study overlap for each contrast. In each case, the left hemisphere showed greater concordance than the right hemisphere. Both encoding and retrieval success were associated with activation in medial-temporal, prefrontal, and parietal regions. Left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and medial-temporal regions were more strongly involved in encoding, whereas left superior parietal and dorsolateral and anterior PFC regions were more strongly involved in retrieval. Objective recollection was associated with activation in multiple PFC regions, as well as multiple posterior parietal and medial-temporal areas, but not hippocampus. Subjective recollection, in contrast, showed left hippocampal involvement. In summary, these results identify broadly consistent activation patterns associated with episodic encoding and retrieval, and subjective and objective recollection, but also subtle differences among these processes.
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