Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a common retinal neovascular disorder of premature infants. It is of variable severity, usually heals with mild or no sequelae, but may progress to blindness from ...retinal detachments or severe retinal scar formation. This is a preliminary report of the effectiveness and safety of a new and original use of topical ketorolac in preterm newborn to prevent the progression of ROP to the more severe forms of this disease.
From January 2001 to December 2002, all fifty nine preterm newborns with birthweight less than 1250 grams or gestational age less than 30 weeks of gestational age admitted to neonatal intensive care were eligible for treatment with topical ketorolac (0.25 milligrams every 8 hours in each eye). The historical comparison group included all 53 preterm newborns, with the same inclusion criteria, admitted between January 1999 and December 2000.
Groups were comparable in terms of weight distribution, Apgar score at 5 minutes, incidence of sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis. The duration of oxygen therapy was significantly longer in the control group. In the ketorolac group, among 43 children that were alive at discharge, one (2.3%) developed threshold ROP and cryotherapy was necessary. In the comparison group 35 children survived, and six child (17%) needed cryotherapy (Relative Risk 0.14, 95%CI 0.00 to 0.80, p = 0.041). Adjusting by duration of oxygen therapy did not significantly change these results. Adverse effects attributable to ketorolac were not detected.
This preliminary report suggests that ketorolac in the form of an ophthalmic solution can reduce the risk of developing severe ROP in very preterm newborns, without producing significant adverse side effects. These results, although promising, should be interpreted with caution because of the weakness of the study design. This is an inexpensive and simple intervention that might ameliorate the progression of a disease with devastating consequences for children and their families. We believe that next logical step would be to assess the effectiveness of this intervention in a randomized controlled trial of adequate sample size.
Adolescence is a transition process with physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes (Extremera y Fernández-Berrocal, 2004; Rodríguez-Fernández et al. 2016). Development at this stage is influenced ...by peers, and by the family itself. In order to deepen in these interactions and family dynamics, it is useful to count on instruments to evaluate interpersonal relationships, giving an estimate, not only on the levels of emotional competencies, but also on the social profile. For this reason, this research focuses on collecting the perceptions of a sample of Ecuadorian adolescents (Loja) using the scales of the Questionnaire Cómo es Tu Familia (CTF, Hernández et al. 1996), which pose situations in the family context for which it is considered that the person must have certain emotional competencies. The responses were analyzed according to two modulating variables: age and sex. From the CTF, the scales corresponding to three of the seven factors in the questionnaire were selected, namely factor A Type of relationships: Family cohesion, Participation in problem solving, and Child-parent communication. The results were analyzed through a correlational and inferential study, establishing comparisons between sexes, and for two age ranges: 12-14 and 15-17 years old. With regard to the ages covered by CTF, this could contribute to pre- and post-test studies, where achievements through emotional education programs are evaluated.
La adolescencia es un proceso de transición con cambios físicos, cognoscitivos y psicosociales (Extremera y Fernández-Berrocal, 2004; Rodríguez-Fernández et al. 2016). El desarrollo en esta etapa recibe la influencia de los pares, y la de la propia familia. Para profundizar en estas interacciones y en las dinámicas familiares resulta útil contar con instrumentos que evalúen las relaciones interpersonales, dando una estimación, no solo de los niveles de competencias emocionales, sino del perfil social. Por ello, esta investigación se centra en recabar las percepciones de una muestra de adolescentes ecuatorianos (Loja) mediante las escalas del Cuestionario Cómo es Tu Familia (CTF, Hernández et al. 1996), que plantean situaciones del contexto familiar para las que se considera que la persona debe contar con determinadas competencias emocionales, en las respuestas. Las respuestas se analizaron en función de dos variables moduladoras, edad y sexo. Del CTF se seleccionaron las escalas correspondientes a tres factores de los siete del cuestionario, concretamente: factor A Tipo de relaciones: Cohesión familiar, Participación en la solución de problemas, y Comunicación hijos/as-progenitores. Los resultados se han analizado mediante un estudio correlacional e inferencial, estableciendo comparaciones entre sexos, y para dos rangos de edad: 12-14 y 15-17 años. Con respecto a las edades que abarca el cuestionario CTF, este podría contribuir en los estudios de pre y postest mediante los que se evalúa los desarrollos logrados a través de programas de educación emocional
ResumenEste trabajo se centra en la aplicación y en el inicio de validación del cuestionario “Conociendo a tu hijo, tu hija”, dirigido a madres y padres de niños y niñas (9-10 años), como medio de ...identificación de altas capacidades. La investigación es no experimental transversal. Se aplicó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), para comprobar la validez de constructo. La muestra la constituyen 239 niños y niñas de la ciudad de Loja (Ecuador). El cuestionario (anexo) es de nominación para madres y padres, construido inicialmente con 45 ítems. Tras los análisis de validación, se eliminaron 11 ítems, quedando la versión final con 36, distribuidos en 10 dimensiones. El índice Alfa de Cronbach alcanzado es de 0,89. Cada dimensión, obtenida mediante análisis factorial, presenta una fiabilidad y validez aceptables, respaldadas por referentes teóricos y empíricos. En consecuencia, puede ser utilizado, en fase de screening, aunque previamente se requiere un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC).
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