Objectives
To synthesise available knowledge about both sleep (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) as depicted by previous published systematic reviews (SR).
Methods
SR investigating any bruxism‐related ...outcome were selected in a two‐phase process. Searches were performed on seven main electronic databases and a partial grey literature search on three databases. Risk of bias of included SR was assessed using the “University of Bristol's tool for assessing risk of bias in SR”.
Results
From 1038 studies, 41 SR were included. Findings from these SR suggested that (a) among adults, prevalence of AB was 22%‐30%, SB (1%‐15%), and SB among children and adolescents (3%‐49%); (b) factors consistently associated with bruxism were use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco, some psychotropic medications, oesophageal acidification and second‐hand smoke; temporomandibular disorder signs and symptoms presented a plausible association; (c) portable diagnostic devices showed overall higher values of specificity (0.83‐1.00) and sensitivity (0.40‐1.00); (d) bruxism might result in biomechanical complications regarding dental implants; however, evidence was inconclusive regarding other dental restorations and periodontal impact; (e) occlusal appliances were considered effective for bruxism management, although current evidence was considered weak regarding other therapies.
Conclusions
Current knowledge from SR was mostly related to SB. Higher prevalence rates were found in children and adolescents than in adults. Associated factors and bruxism effects on stomatognathic structures were considerably heterogeneous and inconsistent. Overall good accuracy regarding portable diagnostic devices was found. Interventions' effectiveness was mostly inconclusive regarding the majority of available therapies, with the exception of occlusal appliances.
Background
The COVID‐19 pandemic health crisis has changed household and school routines leaving children and adolescents without important anchors in life. This, in turn, can influence their mental ...health, changing their behavioral and psychological conditions.
Aims
To systematically review the literature to answer the question: “What is the worldwide prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic?”.
Methods
Embase, Epistemonikos database, LILACS, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and World Health Organization Global literature on coronavirus disease were searched. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar, Grey Literature Report, and Preprint server MedRxiv. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of mental health effects in children and adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic were included. Four authors independently collected the information and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies.
Results
From a total of 11,925 identified studies, 2873 remained after the removal of the duplicated records. Nineteen studies remained after the final selection process. The proportion of emotional symptoms and behavior changes varied from 5.7% to 68.5%; anxiety 17.6% to 43.7%, depression 6.3% to 71.5%, and stress 7% to 25%. Other outcomes such as the prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (85.5%) and suicidal ideation (29.7% to 31.3%) were also evaluated.
Linking Evidence to Action
Overall findings showed that the proportion of children and adolescents presenting mental health effects during the COVID‐19 pandemic showed a wide variation in different countries. However, there was a trend toward mental health issues. Therefore, policymakers, healthcare planners, youth mental health services, teachers, parents, and researchers need to be prepared to deal with this demand.
Complications after adenotonsillectomy (AT) in children have been extensively studied, but differences between children with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have not been systematically ...reported. Our objective was to identify the most frequent complications after AT, and evaluate if differences between children with and without OSA exist.
Several electronic databases were searched. A partial gray literature search was undertaken by using Google Scholar. Experts were consulted to identify any missing publications. Studies assessing complications after AT in otherwise healthy children were included. One author collected the required information from the selected articles. A second author crosschecked the collected information and confirmed its accuracy. Most of the selected studies collected information from medical charts.
A total of 1254 studies were initially identified. Only 23 articles remained after a 2-step selection process. The most frequent complication was respiratory compromise (9.4%), followed by secondary hemorrhage (2.6%). Four studies compared postoperative complications in children with and without OSA, and revealed that children with OSA have nearly 5 times more respiratory complications after AT than children without OSA (odds ratio = 4.90; 95% confidence interval: 2.38-10.10). In contrast, children with OSA are less likely to have postoperative bleeding when compared with children without OSA (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% confidence interval: 0.23-0.74).
The most frequent early complications after AT are respiratory compromise and secondary hemorrhage. Based on the current limited evidence, children with OSA appear to have more respiratory complications. Conversely, hemorrhage appears to be more frequent in children without OSA.
Abstract Introduction Endodontic diagnosis depends on accurate radiographic examination. Assessment of the location and extent of apical periodontitis (AP) can influence treatment planning and ...subsequent treatment outcomes. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the diagnostic accuracy of conventional radiography and cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging on the discrimination of AP from no lesion. Methods Eight electronic databases with no language or time limitations were searched. Articles in which the primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of any type of radiographic technique to assess AP in humans were selected. The gold standard was the histologic examination for actual AP ( in vivo ) or in situ visualization of bone defects for induced artificial AP ( in vitro ). Accuracy measurements described in the studies were transformed to construct receiver operating characteristic curves and forest plots with the aid of Review Manager v.5.2 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) and MetaDisc v.1.4. software (Unit of Clinical Biostatistics Team of the Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain). The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2. Results Only 9 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to a qualitative analysis. A meta-analysis was conducted on 6 of these articles. All of these articles studied artificial AP with induced bone defects. The accuracy values (area under the curve) were 0.96 for CBCT imaging, 0.73 for conventional periapical radiography, and 0.72 for digital periapical radiography. No evidence was found for panoramic radiography. Conclusions Periapical radiographs (digital and conventional) reported good diagnostic accuracy on the discrimination of artificial AP from no lesions, whereas CBCT imaging showed excellent accuracy values.
Summary
Background
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between sleep bruxism (SB) and anxiety symptoms in adults.
Methods
A systematic review was performed and ...studies assessing SB by means of questionnaires, clinical examination and/or polysomnography (PSG), and validated questionnaires to assess anxiety, were included. Search strategies were developed for seven main electronic databases. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross‐Sectional Studies, and confidence in cumulative evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.
Results
Eight cross‐sectional studies were included, of which five were judged with low and three with moderate risk of bias. No association with SB was observed in three studies that investigated generic levels of anxiety, while other two papers that evaluated generic anxiety levels through the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) found a positive association with probable and definite SB in both STAI‐1 and STAI‐2 subscales. Only one study evaluated dental anxiety in particular and an association with probable SB was observed regarding very anxious or extremely anxious scores. Two studies assessed specific symptoms of anxiety using the panic‐agoraphobic spectra evaluation (PAS‐SR) questionnaire. Significantly higher PAS‐SR total scores were observed in both studies with regard to SB. No study with definitive assessment of SB was identified.
Conclusion
Current literature is controversial regarding an association between SB and generic symptoms of anxiety in adults. It seems that some specific symptoms of the anxiety disorders spectrum might be associated with probable SB.
Objectives
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence about the prevalence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ).
Materials and methods
We ...performed search on electronic databases and gray literature from their inception to January 2018. Studies reporting prevalence data of DJD on TMJ were included. DJD was assessed through clinical and imaging diagnosis. Studies risk of bias was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data.
Results
From 1082 studies, 32 were identified, and the sample size included 3435 subjects. They were clustered into two groups: the first comprised studies that reported prevalence of DJD in TMJ secondary to rheumatic systemic diseases like juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the second group comprised studies that reported prevalence of DJD on temporomandibular disorder patients. The prevalence of DJD on JIA patients ranged from 40.42% (
n
= 47) to 93.33% (
n
= 15) and on RA patients from 45.00% (
n
= 20) to 92.85% (
n
= 56). Among TMD patients, the prevalence of DJD reported according to patients ranged from 18.01% (
n
= 1038) to 84.74% (
n
= 118) and reported according to joints ranged from 17.97% (
n
= 178) to 77.23% (
n
= 224).
Conclusion
This review attempts to high prevalence of DJD in patients with systemic rheumatic disease and a less prevalent, but still high, occurrence in patients with TMD without systemic involvement.
Clinical relevance
Specialist doctors and dentists should be alert to not underestimate and to correctly diagnose DJD of the TMJ early in patients with rheumatic disease and TMD.
Highlights • This review suggests the potential of salivary biomarkers in the assessment of breast cancer. • Combined biomarkers demonstrated improved accuracy than those tested individually. • The ...combining of CSTA + TPT1 + IGF2BP1 + GRM1 + GRIK1 + H6PD + MDM4 + S100A8 + CA6 presented the highest accuracy. • Proline and Valine may also be promising single biomarkers for future studies.
Abstract Statement of problem The internal and marginal adaptation of a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) prosthesis relies on the quality of the 3-dimensional image. ...The quality of imaging systems requires evaluation. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the trueness of intraoral and extraoral scanners in scanning-prepared teeth. Material and methods Ten acrylic resin teeth to be used as a reference dataset were prepared according to standard guidelines and scanned with an industrial computed tomography system. Data were acquired with 4 scanner devices (n=10): the Trios intraoral scanner (TIS), the D250 extraoral scanner (DES), the Cerec Bluecam intraoral scanner (CBIS), and the Cerec InEosX5 extraoral scanner (CIES). For intraoral scanners, each tooth was digitized individually. Extraoral scanning was obtained from dental casts of each prepared tooth. The discrepancy between each scan and its respective reference model was obtained by deviation analysis (μm) and volume/area difference (μm). Statistical analysis was performed using linear models for repeated measurement factors test and 1-way ANOVA (α=.05). Results No significant differences in deviation values were found among scanners. For CBIS and CIES, the deviation was significantly higher ( P <.05) for occlusal and cervical surfaces. With regard to volume differences, no statistically significant differences were found (TIS=340 ±230 μm; DES=380 ±360 μm; CBIS=780 ±770 μm; CIES=340 ±300 μm). Conclusions Intraoral and extraoral scanners showed similar trueness in scanning-prepared teeth. Higher discrepancies are expected to occur in the cervical region and on the occlusal surface.
Abstract
Study Objectives
To evaluate the available evidence on the putative relationships between sleep bruxism (SB) and, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to assess the extent of research on this ...topic, and to formulate suggestions for future research.
Methods
A scoping review including studies examining temporal and overall association and prevalence of SB and OSA was performed. Six main databases and gray literature were searched. The studies selection was conducted by three independent reviewers. A narrative synthesis of the results was carried out.
Results
Thirteen studies in adults and eight studies in children were finally included. The median of concomitant conditions prevalence was 39.3% in adults and 26.1% in children. Marked methodological variability was identified among studies in adults and even more when we compared detection methods in children. No significant association between OSA and SB emerged in most studies in adults, while an association may be possible in children.
Conclusions
Based on the current literature, it is not possible to confirm that there is a relationship between SB and OSA in adults. In patients under pediatric care, although this association seems plausible, there is currently insufficient supportive evidence. Standardized validated methodologies for identifying SB should be consistently used in both populations before reaching any conclusion regarding such association. Furthermore, assessment of shared phenotypes between patients with SB and patients with OSA may reveal new insights that will contribute to personalized approaches aiming to optimize the management of such comorbidities.
