Maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO) and the exercise intensity eliciting MFO (Fatmax) are considered biological markers of metabolic health and performance. A wide range of studies have been ...performed to increase our knowledge about their regulation by exercise and/or nutritional intervention. However, numerous data collection and analysis approaches have been applied, which may have affected the MFO and Fatmax estimation. We aimed to systematically review the available studies describing and/or comparing different data collection and analysis approach factors that could affect MFO and Fatmax estimation in healthy individuals and patients. Two independent researchers performed the search. We included all original studies in which MFO and/or Fatmax were estimated by indirect calorimetry through an incremental graded exercise protocol published from 2002 to 2019. This systematic review provides key information about the factors that could affect MFO and Fatmax estimation: ergometer type, metabolic cart used, warm‐up duration and intensity, stage duration and intensities imposed in the graded exercise protocol, time interval selected for data analysis, stoichiometric equation selected to estimate fat oxidation, data analysis approach, time of the day when the test was performed, fasting time/previous meal before the test, and testing days for MFO/Fatmax and maximal oxygen uptake assessment. We suggest that researchers measuring MFO and Fatmax should take into account these key methodological issues that can considerably affect the accuracy, validity, and reliability of the measurement. Likewise, when comparing different studies, it is important to check whether the above‐mentioned key methodological issues are similar in such studies to avoid ambiguous and unacceptable comparisons.
Background
Exercise holds promise as a non‐pharmacological intervention for the improvement of sleep quality. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of different training modalities on sleep ...quality parameters.
Material & methods
A total of 69 (52.7% women) middle‐aged sedentary adults were randomized to (a) control group, (b) physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization, (c) high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) and (d) high‐intensity interval training group adding whole‐body electromyostimulation training (HIITEMS). Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale and accelerometers.
Results
All intervention groups showed a lower PSQI global score (all P < .022). HIIT‐EMS group improved all accelerometer parameters, with higher total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and lower wake after sleep onset (all P < .016). No differences were found between groups in any sleep quality parameter.
Conclusion
In conclusion, exercise training induced an improvement in subjective sleep quality in sedentary middleaged adults. Moreover, HIIT‐EMS training showed an improvement in objective sleep quality parameters (total sleep time, sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset) after 12 weeks of exercise intervention. The changes observed in the HIIT‐EMS group were not statistically different to the other exercise modalities.
We aimed to investigate the effect of three types of exercise interventions on memory (i.e., immediate memory (IM), long‐term memory (LTM), and recognition). We also investigated whether ...exercise‐induced changes in circulating S‐Klotho and 1,25‐dihydroxivitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels were related to those observed in memory in healthy middle‐aged sedentary adults. A 12‐week randomized controlled trial was performed with a parallel‐group design. Seventy‐four participants (45–65 years old: 53% women) were randomly assigned to (1) no exercise (control) group, (2) concurrent training based on the international physical activity recommendations (PAR) group, (3) high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) group, or (4) HIIT plus whole‐body electromyostimulation (HIIT‐EMS) group. Memory outcomes were assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale‐third edition. S‐Klotho plasma levels were determined according to a solid‐phase sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit while 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were measured using a DiaSorin‐Liaison immunochemiluminometric analyzer. IM‐Verbal Paired Associates (IM‐VPA) and IM‐Logical Memory (IM‐LM) were improved in both the HIIT and HIIT‐EMS groups compared with the control group (all p ≤ 0.045). Exercise‐induced changes in S‐Klotho plasma levels were positively associated with those observed in IM, LTM, and recognition (all p ≤ 0.007), whereas exercise‐induced changes in 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were directly related to changes in IM and LTM (all p ≤ 0.048). In conclusion, a 12‐week HIIT intervention with or without WB‐EMS seems to be the most effective exercise program to improve IM. The significant and positive associations between exercise‐induced changes in S‐Klotho and 1,25(OH)2D levels with those observed in memory outcomes suggest that these factors may be potentially related to exercise‐induced improvements of memory in middle‐aged adults.
We aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise training programs on body composition parameters in sedentary middle‐aged adults. A total of 89 middle‐aged adults (53.5 ± 4.9 years old; ...~53% women) participated in the FIT‐AGEING study. A 12‐week randomized controlled trial was performed with a parallel group design. The participants were randomly assigned to (a) a concurrent training based on physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization group (PAR group), (b) a high‐intensity interval training group (HIIT group), and (c) a high‐intensity interval training group adding whole‐body electromyostimulation group (WB‐EMS group). A significant decrease of fat body mass, fat body mass index, and visceral adipose tissue was observed in all training modalities compared to the control group (all P ≤ 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in the HIIT group as well as in the WB‐EMS group compared to the control group and the PAR group (all P ≤ 0.044), whereas an increment of lean body mass index was only observed in the WB‐EMS group compared to the control group and the PAR group (all P ≤ 0.042). A significant increase of bone mineral content was observed in the WB‐EMS group compared to the control group (P = 0.015), while no changes were found in the PAR group and in the HIIT group compared to the control group (all P ≥ 0.2). Our findings suggest that PAR, HIIT, and WB‐EMS can be used as a strategy to improve body composition parameters, obtaining slightly better results with the application of WB‐EMS.
The aim of this study was to study the effects of a 6-session (one per week) WB-EMS training intervention on maximum oxygen uptake, aerobic and gas exchange thresholds, running economy, and muscular ...power in male recreational runners. Twelve men were randomized into WB-EMS intervention (
= 6; 27.0 ± 7.5 years; 70.1 ± 11.1 kg; 1.75 ± 0.5 m) or control (
= 6; 27.0 ± 6.1 years; 73.6 ± 3.4 kg; 1.77 ± 0.3 m). The WB-EMS group reduced the running training frequency to one per week and followed one WB-EMS training session per week during 6 weeks. Participants in the control group maintained their usual running endurance training. Each participant completed four assessments: physiological parameters (i) VO
max, aerobic and gas exchange threshold values, and (ii) running economy at two intensities, muscular power (vertical jump), and anthropometric parameters both at baseline and after the intervention. Participants in the WB-EMS group improved VO
max, aerobic and gas exchange threshold values, running economy, and vertical jump (
< 0.05) compared to the control group. There, WB-EMS seems to be an effective training methodology leading to improvements in performance during endurance training volume reduction in male recreational runners.
Fryer, SM, Giles, D, Garrido Palomino, I, de la O Puerta, A, and España-Romero, V. Hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory predictors of sport rock climbing performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): ...3543-3550, 2018-Rock climbing performance has been suggested to involve a notable contribution from aerobic metabolism. Previously, it has been shown that forearm oxygenation kinetics can be used to distinguish ability groups and predict red-point sport climbing performance. Currently, it is not known if forearm oxygenation kinetics or a sport-specific assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness best predicts sport rock climbing performance. The aim of the study was to determine whether forearm oxidative capacity index, maximal deoxygenation (Δ score) during a treadwall VCombining Dot AboveO2peak test, treadwall VCombining Dot AboveO2peak, or running VCombining Dot AboveO2max best predicts self-reported sport climbing performance. Twenty-one male sport rock climbers completed a treadwall VCombining Dot AboveO2peak, running VCombining Dot AboveO2max, and an assessment of near-infrared spectroscopy-derived oxidative capacity index. Linear regression, adjusted for age and experience (years), revealed that forearm oxidative capacity index, treadwall maximal deoxygenation (Δ), and treadwall VCombining Dot AboveO2peak all significantly predicted self-reported red-point sport climbing ability (Adj R = -0.398, -0.255, and 0.374, respectively), whereas treadmill running VCombining Dot AboveO2max did not (Adj R = -0.052). Additionally, multiple regression suggested that the combined significant aerobic predictors accounted for 67% of the variance in red-point climbing ability. Findings suggest that training for sport rock climbing performance should look to incorporate modalities that focus on (a) improving local forearm aerobic capacity and (b) improving whole-body aerobic capacity using sport-specific apparatus, such as treadwalls.
Psychosocial stressors derived from socioeconomic disadvantages in adolescents can result in higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). We aimed to examine whether socioeconomic disadvantages were ...associated with MetS independent of lifestyle and whether there was a dose-response relationship between the number of cumulated socioeconomic disadvantages and risk of MetS.
This study included 1,037 European adolescents (aged 12.5–17.5 years). Sociodemographic variables and lifestyle were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. Disadvantaged groups included adolescents with low-educated parents, low family affluence, migrant origin, unemployed parents, and nontraditional families. MetS risk score was calculated as the sum of sex- and age-specific z-scores of waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, and insulin resistance. Linear mixed-effects models adjusted for sex, age, pubertal status, and lifestyle were used to study the association between social disadvantages and MetS risk score.
Adolescents with low-educated mothers showed a higher MetS score (.54 .09–.98; β estimate and 99% confidence interval) compared to those with high-educated mothers. Adolescents who accumulated more than three disadvantages (.69 .08–1.31) or with missing information on disadvantages (.72 .04–1.40) had a higher MetS risk score compared to nonsocioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Stronger associations between socioeconomic disadvantages and MetS were found in male than in female adolescents.
Adolescents with low-educated mothers or with more than three socioeconomic disadvantages had a higher MetS risk, independent of lifestyle, potentially due to higher psychosocial stress exposure. Policy makers should focus on improving low-educated familiesa and more disadvantaged families' knowledge on nutrition and physical activity to help them cope better with stress.
La agricultura tradicional en México presenta diversos modelos de agroecosistemas que aún son implementados y que requieren ser estudiados por su importancia en la conservación de saberes, ...tradiciones, cultura y biodiversidad. En el estado Chiapas-México se encuentra una gran diversidad de agroecosistemas como la milpa, el traspatio, el huerto familiar y el bajío. Los bajíos son espacios geográficos ubicados en las vegas (terrenos llanos y fértiles) donde se observan policultivos, cuya importancia radica en su función para el autoabastecimiento, cuidado del ambiente y desarrollo sostenible. Esta revisión analítica, en sí, describe y conceptualiza el agroecosistema bajío, con énfasis en sus características, su estructura y funcionamiento en la región Frailesca, con el fin de esclarecer el concepto que se maneja de forma local y enriquecido con referentes bibliográficos precedentes. Se concluye que el conocimiento local da pauta para identificar los agroecosistemas existentes en la región Frailesca, se encuentra que el "bajío" presenta ventajas para la conservación de especies, el autoabastecimiento de alimentos y el uso sostenible de los recursos naturales.
IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a major public health problem considering its high prevalence and its strong association with extrahepatic diseases. ...Implementing strategies based on an intermittent fasting approach and supervised exercise may mitigate the risks. This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention combined with a supervised exercise intervention, compared with TRE or supervised exercise alone and with a usual-care control group, on hepatic fat (primary outcome) and cardiometabolic health (secondary outcomes) in adults with obesity.Methods and analysisAn anticipated 184 adults with obesity (50% women) will be recruited from Granada (south of Spain) for this parallel-group, randomised controlled trial (TEMPUS). Participants will be randomly designated to usual care, TRE alone, supervised exercise alone or TRE combined with supervised exercise, using a parallel design with a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio. The TRE and TRE combined with supervised exercise groups will select an 8-hour eating window before the intervention and will maintain it over the intervention. The exercise alone and TRE combined with exercise groups will perform 24 sessions (2 sessions per week+walking intervention) of supervised exercise combining resistance and aerobic high-intensity interval training. All participants will receive nutritional counselling throughout the intervention. The primary outcome is change from baseline to 12 weeks in hepatic fat; secondary outcomes include measures of cardiometabolic health.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Granada Provincial Research Ethics Committee (CEI Granada—0365-N-23). All participants will be asked to provide written informed consent. The findings will be disseminated in scientific journals and at international scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05897073.
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