Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered the reference method to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE), but its use in a clinical context is limited. Alternatively, there is a number of REE ...predictive equations to estimate the REE. However, it has been shown that the available REE predictive equations could either overestimate or underestimate the REE as measured by IC. Moreover, the role of the weight status in the accuracy and validity of the REE predictive equations requires further attention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the accuracy and validity of REE predictive equations in normal-weight, overweight, and obese sedentary middle-aged adults. A total of 73 sedentary middle-aged adults (53% women, 40⁻65 years old) participated in the study. We measured REE by indirect calorimetry, strictly following the standard procedures, and we compared it with the values obtained from 33 predictive equations. The most accurate predictive equations in middle-aged sedentary adults were: (i) the equation of FAO/WHO/UNU in normal-weight individuals (50.0% of prediction accuracy), (ii) the equation of Livingston in overweight individuals (46.9% of prediction accuracy), and (iii) the equation of Owen in individuals with obesity (52.9% of prediction accuracy). Our study shows that the weight status plays an important role in the accuracy and validity of different REE predictive equations in middle-aged adults.
Abstract Aims The secreted form of the α-Klotho gene (S-Klotho), which is considered a powerful biomarker of longevity, makes it an attractive target as an anti-ageing therapy against functional ...decline, sarcopenic obesity, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative disorders. The S-Klotho plasma levels could be related to physical exercise inasmuch physical exercise is involved in physiological pathways that regulate the S-Klotho plasma levels. FIT-AGEING will determine the effect of different training modalities on the S-Klotho plasma levels (primary outcome) in sedentary healthy adults. FIT-AGEING will also investigate the physiological consequences of activating the klotho gene (secondary outcomes). Methods FIT-AGEING will recruit 80 sedentary, healthy adults (50% women) aged 45–65 years old. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to a non-exercise group, i.e. the control group, (n = 20), a physical activity recommendation from World Health Organization group (n = 20), a high intensity interval training group (n = 20), and a whole-body electromyostimulation group (n = 20). The laboratory measurements will be taken at the baseline and 12 weeks later including the S-Klotho plasma levels, physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength), body composition, basal metabolic rate, heart rate variability, maximal fat oxidation, health blood biomarkers, free-living physical activity, sleep habits, reaction time, cognitive variables, and health-related questionnaires. We will also obtain dietary habits data and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Las Unidades de Producción Familiar (UPF) están conformadas por capitales natural, físico, financiero, humano y social. Los dos últimos constituyen la base del funcionamiento del resto y de la unidad ...de producción. En México, Chiapas y la Frailesca, la producción de maíces, particularmente de maíces locales, tiene valor cultural, agronómico y económico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar las Unidades de Producción Familiar que cultivan maíces locales en la región Frailesca del estado de Chiapas, sobre la base cultural del manejo de los capitales humano y social. Se estudiaron 80 UPF de 20 comunidades seleccionadas mediante un muestreo por redes. Se utilizó el enfoque Modos de Vida Sustentable como marco de referencia. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se realizaron observaciones participantes. En el estudio predominaron las familias nucleares con líderes de edad avanzada. Los jóvenes no priorizan la conservación de los maíces locales sino actividades más rentables como la ganadería, los maíces híbridos y el café. Existe un excesivo uso de agroquímicos que afecta los recursos suelo, agua y biodiversidad. Se distinguieron 6 tipos de UPF de acuerdo con sus capitales humano y social. El grupo 3 (G3) mostró un mejor equilibrio entre ambos por la participación familiar, destacándose entre los de mayor experiencia en el cultivo de maíces locales y por tener relaciones locales y de cooperación más sólidas. Se concluye que las UPF presentan características que contribuyen o afectan la conservación de los maíces locales, como la continuidad generacional, el deterioro de los recursos naturales que sostienen el cultivo a través de la fusión de las prácticas tradicionales con las modernas y la dependencia de recursos externos.
Con el objetivo de caracterizar el suelo del agroecosistema maíz con los sistemas de producción convencional, agroecológico y mixto, para documentar e identificar estrategias que consideren los ...aspectos ambientales, sociales y económicos que conlleven a alternativas para la producción sostenible, se estudiaron las propiedades físico-químicas y biológicas de 35 muestras obtenidas en 28 ejidos de la región Frailesca, interpretadas con la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-021-RECNAT-2000. Los resultados indican una acidez generalizada para los tres sistemas con un pH de 5.05, 5.25 y 5.24, la capacidad intercambio catiónico es baja (13.96, 12.54, y 14.95 cmol(+) kg‑1) y niveles medios de materia orgánica (3.5, 2.58 y 3.45%). Así mismo, los macronutrientes, como el fósforo se encuentra en niveles altos (75.36, 74.78 y 45.05 mg kg‑1) y el potasio se encontró en niveles bajos (3.86, 3.12 y 2.66 mg kg‑1) y los micronutrientes se encuentran en niveles medios como el hierro (3.24, 2.03 y 2.62 mg kg‑1) y boro (1.58, 1.06 y 1.37 mg kg-1). Para el caso de la textura del suelo presentan suelos franco-arcillo-arenoso y franco-arenoso. Desde el punto de vista de las características biológicas del suelo, la macrofauna con el sistema agroecológico reportó mayor diversidad de seres vivos de acuerdo al índice de Shannon y Weaver (H’ = 1.121), destacan coleópteros, anélidos, himenópteros, isópteros y gasterópodos. En ese mismo sentido, para el caso de microorganismos sobresale en diversidad de microorganismos (H’ = 1.121) reportando entomopatógenos (Beauveria bassiana y Metarhizium anisopliae), fijadores de nitrógeno (Rhizobium, Azotobacter y Azospirillum) y hongos patógenos como Rizhoctonia, Fusarium y Alternaria y el sistema con menor diversidad fue el convencional con H’ = 0.789. Bajo estas condiciones el suelo, es necesario una estrategia que permita aumentar la calidad y las prácticas de agricultura puedan ser sostenibles.
To examine differences in oxygenation kinetics in the nondominant and dominant flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) of rock climbers.
Participants were 28 sport climbers with a range of on-site abilities ...(6a+ to 8a French Sport). Using near-infrared spectroscopy, oxygenation kinetics of the FDP was assessed by calculating the time to half recovery (t
) of the tissue-saturation index (TSI) after 3-5 min of ischemia.
A 2-way mixed-model ANOVA found a nonsignificant interaction (P = .112) for TSI by sex. However, there was a significant main effect (P = .027) of handedness (dominant vs nondominant FDP). The dominant forearm recovered 13.6% faster (t
mean difference = 1.12 s, 95% CI 0.13-2.10 s) than the nondominant FDP. This was not affected by 6-mo on-site climbing ability or sex (P = .839, P = .683).
Significant intraindividual differences in oxygenation kinetics of the FDP were found. Improvements in oxygenation kinetics in the FDP are likely due to the abilities of the muscle to deliver, perfuse, and consume oxygen. These enhancements may be due to structural adaptations in the microvasculature, such as an increase in capillary density and enhanced improvement in capillary filtration.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is promoted as a time-efficient strategy to improve body composition but concomitant beer intake, which is common among physically active individuals, may ...interfere with these effects. The primary aim of this study is to determine the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on anthropometric and body composition measurements, and to assess whether those effects are influenced by the moderate consumption of beer (at least 5 days/week), or its alcohol equivalent. Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults (
= 72, 35 females) volunteered for a non-training group (Non-Training group) or for HIIT training. Those going for training choose whether they preferred to receive alcohol or not. Those choosing alcohol were randomly allocated for receiving beer (5.4%; T-Beer group) or the equivalent amount of alcohol (vodka; T-Ethanol group) in sparkling water. Those choosing no-alcohol were randomly allocated for receiving alcohol-free beer (0.0%; T-0.0Beer group) or sparkling water (T-Water group). From Monday through Friday, men ingested 330 mL of the beverage with lunch and 330 mL with dinner; women ingested 330 mL with dinner. Before and after the intervention, anthropometry and body composition, through dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry, were measured. No changes in body mass, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, visceral adipose tissue or bone mineral density occurred in any of the groups. By contrast, in all the training groups, significant decreases in fat mass together with increases in lean mass (all
< 0.05) occurred. These positive effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. In conclusion, a moderate beer intake does not blunt the positive effect of 10-week HIIT on body composition in young healthy adults.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective approach to improve physical fitness, but consuming beer, which is a regular practice in many physically active individuals, may interfere with ...these effects. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and power parameters, and also to assess the possible influence on them of a moderate consumption of beer (at least from Monday to Friday) or its alcohol equivalent.
Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults (n = 73, 35 females) were allocated to five groups. Four groups participated in the HIIT intervention program while the fifth group was a control Non-Training group (n = 15). Participants in the training groups chose whether they preferred receiving alcohol or alcohol-free beverages. Those choosing alcohol were randomized to either beer or ethanol intake: (i) T-Beer group (alcohol beer, 5.4%; n = 13) or (ii) T-Ethanol (sparkling water with vodka, 5.4%; n = 14). Those choosing alcohol-free intake were randomized to (iii) T-Water group (sparkling water, 0.0%; n = 16), or (iv) T-0.0Beer group (alcohol-free beer, 0.0%; n = 15). Men ingested 330 ml of the beverage at lunch and 330 ml at dinner; women ingested 330 ml at dinner. Before and after the intervention, maximal oxygen uptake in absolute and relative terms (VO
max.), maximal heart rate, total test duration, hand grip strength and four types of vertical jumps were measured.
HIIT induced significant improvements in absolute and relative values of VO
max, and total test duration (all p < 0.05) in all the training groups; also, clinical improvements were found in hand grip strength. These positive effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. No changes in the vertical jumps occurred in any of the groups.
A moderate beer or alcohol intake does not mitigate the positive effect of a 10-week HIIT on physical fitness in young healthy adults.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03660579. Registered 20 September 2018. Retrospectively registered.
To assess whether adolescents with high body mass index (BMI), or fat mass index (FMI), in combination with insulin resistance (assessed with the Homeostatic Model Assessment HOMA index), had also ...lower blood vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 concentrations.
Six hundred and fifteen adolescents from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, with data on B-vitamins (both intakes and status), and BMI, FMI, HOMA, were selected. Intakes were assessed by two non-consecutive 24-h recalls. B-vitamins biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay. Analysis of covariance was applied to elucidate the differences in B-vitamins between combinations of groups defined according to the median of the z-scores of markers of body composition and insulin sensitivity.
When considering energy intakes and education of the mother in the model, in females, vitamin B6 intakes were higher in the high BMI/high HOMA group than in the high BMI-low HOMA group. Similarly, vitamin B6 intakes were higher in the high FMI/high HOMA group than in the low FMI/low HOMA group. Plasma vitamin B12 was significantly lower in males in the high FMI/high HOMA group than in the low FMI/low HOMA group, keeping also significant their trends throughout the groups, a fact that can be observed also for females (p < 0.05).
Adolescents with combined higher adiposity and higher HOMA insulin sensitivity showed lower vitamin B12 plasma concentrations. These differences do not seem to be explained by dietary vitamin B12 intake.
The popularity of whole-body electromyostimulation is growing during the last years, but there is a shortage of studies that evaluate its effects on physical fitness and sport performance. In this ...study, we compared the effects of a periodized and functional whole-body-electromyostimulation training on maximum oxygen uptake (VO
max), ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2), running economy (RE), and lower-body muscle strength in runners, vs. a traditional whole-body-electromyostimulation training. A total of 12 male recreational runners, who had been running 2-3 times per week (90-180 min/week) for at least the previous year and had no previous experience on WB-EMS training, were enrolled in the current study. They were randomly assigned to a periodized and functional whole-body-electromyostimulation training group (PFG) (
= 6; 27.0 ± 7.5 years; 70.1 ± 11.1 kg; 1.75 ± 0.05 m) whose training program involved several specific exercises for runners, or a traditional whole-body-electromyostimulation training group (TG) (
= 6; 25.8 ± 7.4 years; 73.8 ± 9.8 kg; 1.73 ± 0.07 m), whose sessions were characterized by circuit training with 10 dynamic and general exercises without external load. The training programs consisted of one whole-body electromyostimulation session and one 20-min running session per week, during 6 weeks. The PFG followed an undulating periodization model and a selection of functional exercises, whereas the TG followed a traditional session structure used in previous studies. Both groups were instructed to stop their habitual running training program. VO
max, VT1, VT2, RE, and lower body muscle strength (vertical jump) were measured before and after the intervention. The PFG obtained significantly higher improvements when compared with the TG in terms of VO
max (2.75 ± 0.89 vs. 1.03 ± 1.01 ml/kg/min,
= 0.011), VT2 (2.95 ± 1.45 vs. 0.35 ± 0.85 ml/kg/min,
= 0.005), VO
max percentage at VT2 (5.13 ± 2.41 vs. 0.63 ± 1.61%), RE at VT1 (-7.70 ± 2.86 vs. -3.50 ± 2.16 ml/kg/km,
= 0.048), RE at 90% of VT2 (-15.38 ± 4.73 vs. -3.38 ± 4.11 ml/kg/km,
= 0.005), and vertical jump in Abalakov modality (2.95 ± 0.94 vs. 0.52 ± 1.49 cm,
= 0.008). Therefore, we conclude that running performance improvements were better after a 6-week program following an undulating periodization and consisting on functional exercises when compared with a 6-week traditional WB-EMS program.
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