We compared the level of attention capacity between adolescents from the center and south of Europe. The study included 627 European adolescents (54% girls), aged 12.5–17.5 years, who participated in ...the HELENA Study. The d2 Test of Attention was administered to assess attention capacity. The main results showed that adolescents from the south of Europe had significantly higher score in attention capacity compared with adolescents from central Europe (score + 8.1; 95%CI, 2.44–13.61) after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic indicators, body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness and diet quality index (
p
= 0.012).
Conclusion
: Adolescents from the south of Europe had higher levels of attention capacity than their counterparts from central Europe independently of sociodemographic and health-related factors. These differences should be taken into account by educational institutions when promoting new approaches for putting into the practice student’s capacities.
What is Known?
• Attention is a crucial capacity during adolescence.
• Several health-related factors (
i.e.,
physical activity, fitness or fatness) may influence attention capacity in adolescents.
What is New?
• Adolescents from the south of Europe had higher levels of attention capacity than their counterparts from the center, after accounting for socioeconomic factors, fitness, fatness and quality of diet.
• These differences should be taken into account by educational institutions when promoting new approaches for putting into the practice student’s capacities.
La presente investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de los microorganismos de montaña (MM) sobre variables de crecimiento y producción de biomasa del agroecosistema maíz bajo un ...manejo agroecológico en Villaflores, Chiapas, México. Los consorcios microbianos se elaboraron mediante la técnica de reproducción y activación de MM y se obtuvieron tres tratamientos diferenciados por material de origen: MM1 (Área de Protección de Recursos Naturales “La Frailescana”), MM2 (Reserva de la Biosfera “La Sepultura”), MM3 (Cerro Nambiyuguá, municipio de Villaflores); y un testigo, equivalente al fertilizante químico (composta + sulfato de amonio). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de cuadro latino 4X4 y la aplicación de los consorcios microbianos se realizó a los 20 y 50 días después de siembra (DDS) con las concentraciones de 50% (Sol. 50% concentrado de MM + 50 % agua) y a los 60 DDS al 75% (Sol. 75% concentrado de MM + 25 % agua). Se observó que, a los 35 DDS y 60 DDS, MM3 obtuvo efectos significativamente mayores sobre el cultivo que los otros tratamientos, sobre la variable altura de planta. A los 60 DDS MM2 igualó a MM3 y al testigo con valores de diámetro de tallo que oscilan entre 1.99 y 2.08 cm. La mayor producción de biomasa seca global se mantuvo en el tratamiento MM3. El tratamiento MM3, cuya fuente de inóculo proviene del sitio más cercano a la región del área experimental, obtuvo mayores efectos sobre los indicadores de crecimiento y producción de biomasa.
Background:
Vitamin D deficiency is currently endemic worldwide and is considered as an important factor in the development of several chronic conditions. Physical exercise has been postulated as an ...auspicious strategy to counteract age-related disorders preventing premature mortality. However, the effects of chronic exercise training on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 1,25(OH)2D is unclear. This 12-week randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on 1,25(OH)2D in healthy sedentary adults.
Hypothesis:
Exercise training will increase 1,25(OH)2D in the study cohort.
Study Design:
Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Level of Evidence:
Level 1.
Methods:
A total of 89 healthy sedentary adults (53% women; 53.5 ± 4.9 years old) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. The participants were randomized to (1) a control group (no exercise), (2) physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization (PAR group), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT group), and (4) HIIT adding whole-body electromyostimulation training (HIIT + EMS). 1,25(OH)2D plasma levels were measured using a DiaSorin Liaison immunochemiluminometric analyzer.
Results:
Compared with the control group, 1,25(OH)2D increased in PAR (Δ = 10.99 ± 3.44 pg/mL; P = 0.01), HIIT (Δ = 11.63 ± 3.51 pg/mL; P = 0.009), and HIIT + EMS groups (Δ = 14.01 ± 3.59 pg/mL; P = 0.001) without statistical differences between them (all Ps > 0.1).
Conclusion:
In summary, the results show that a 12-week exercise intervention produced an increment of 1,25(OH)2D independently of age, sex, and exercise modality in healthy sedentary adults.
Clinical Relevance:
The implementation of physical exercise could be considered a strategy not only aiming to reverse the seasonal decrease of 1,25(OH)2D in winter explained by low sunlight exposure but also for obtaining subsequent increases of this hormone even in these a priori adverse conditions.
Vitamin D deficiency is currently endemic worldwide and is considered as an important factor in the development of several chronic conditions. Physical exercise has been postulated as an auspicious ...strategy to counteract age-related disorders preventing premature mortality. However, the effects of chronic exercise training on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 1,25(OH)
D is unclear. This 12-week randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the effects of different training modalities on 1,25(OH)
D in healthy sedentary adults.
Exercise training will increase 1,25(OH)
D in the study cohort.
Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Level 1.
A total of 89 healthy sedentary adults (53% women; 53.5 ± 4.9 years old) were enrolled in the FIT-AGEING study. The participants were randomized to (1) a control group (no exercise), (2) physical activity recommendation from the World Health Organization (PAR group), (3) high-intensity interval training (HIIT group), and (4) HIIT adding whole-body electromyostimulation training (HIIT + EMS). 1,25(OH)
D plasma levels were measured using a DiaSorin Liaison immunochemiluminometric analyzer.
Compared with the control group, 1,25(OH)
D increased in PAR (Δ = 10.99 ± 3.44 pg/mL;
= 0.01), HIIT (Δ = 11.63 ± 3.51 pg/mL;
= 0.009), and HIIT + EMS groups (Δ = 14.01 ± 3.59 pg/mL;
= 0.001) without statistical differences between them (all
s > 0.1).
In summary, the results show that a 12-week exercise intervention produced an increment of 1,25(OH)
D independently of age, sex, and exercise modality in healthy sedentary adults.
The implementation of physical exercise could be considered a strategy not only aiming to reverse the seasonal decrease of 1,25(OH)
D in winter explained by low sunlight exposure but also for obtaining subsequent increases of this hormone even in these a priori adverse conditions.
Los eventos de violencias y actividades de contrabando, derivados del fenómeno de la piratería, representan los ámbitos de mayor visibilidad de esa historia, en el Golfo-Caribe, durante la época ...colonial. Esto, sin embargo, soslaya otras dinámicas sociales estrechamente vinculadas a la acción y presencia de nautas franceses e ingleses en aquella parte de América. Nuestro propósito es atender la perspectiva hispana al respecto. La sociedad colonial Golfo-Caribeña conformó miedos colectivos alrededor de la otredad del navegante extranjero. El recorrido consiste en traer a escena los componentes que dieron sustento al temor hispano. Fueron, al menos, tres rasgos: 1) el arribo de naves no hispanas fue vista, en un principio, como novedosa para luego ser definida como habitual y peligrosa; 2) el carácter amenazante atribuido al corsario descansó en el repertorio de afectaciones realizadas; 3) todo lo anterior fue motivo para la visibilidad del conjunto de vulnerabilidades de la sociedad colonial según las autoridades españolas. Al observar las diferentes expresiones del miedo podemos dar cuenta de cómo este coadyuvó en la construcción de sentido del otro, a la vez que fue una vía para comprender la propia región Golfo-Caribeña.
To investigate dietary sources of Ca and vitamin D (VitD) intakes, and the associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, among European adolescents.
Linear regression mixed models were used to ...examine sex-specific associations of Ca and VitD intakes with parental education, family affluence (FAS), physical activity and television (TV) watching while controlling for age, Tanner stage, energy intake and diet quality.
The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA)Cross-Sectional Study.
Adolescents aged 12·5-17·5 years (n 1804).
Milk and cheese were the main sources of Ca (23 and 19 % contribution to overall Ca intake, respectively). Fish products were the main VitD source (30 % contribution to overall VitD intake). Ca intake was positively associated with maternal education (β=56·41; 95 % CI 1·98, 110·82) and negatively associated with TV viewing in boys (β=-0·43; 95 % CI -0·79, -0·07); however, the significance of these associations disappeared when adjusting for diet quality. In girls, Ca intake was positively associated with mother's (β=73·08; 95 % CI 34·41, 111·74) and father's education (β=43·29; 95 % CI 5·44, 81·14) and FAS (β=37·45; 95 % CI 2·25, 72·65). This association between Ca intake and mother's education remained significant after further adjustment for diet quality (β=41·66; 95 % CI 0·94, 82·38). Girls with high-educated mothers had higher Ca intake.
Low-educated families with poor diet quality may be targeted when strategizing health promotion programmes to enhance dietary Ca.
El objetivo fue evaluar modelos predictivos de la producción metano de los frutos Leucaena collinsii y Guazuma ulmifolia medido a través de la técnica de producción de gas in vitro (TPG) y ...cromatografía de gases. A los frutos se realizó un análisis químico, parámetros de fermentación in vitro, y se estimó metano por cromatografía de gases y por la TPG. Se realizó un análisis de varianza considerando los efectos fijos de la técnica de medición y el tipo de fruto. Se hizo un análisis de correlación y regresión para conocer las ecuaciones y los coeficientes de determinación entre CH4 por cromatografía de gases y estimación de CH4 a partir de la TPG. Se encontró una tendencia positiva entre la estimación de metano por cromatografía de gases y por la TPG, por lo que, la TPG es promisoria para la determinación de metano de frutos de Leucaena collinsii y Guazuma ulmifolia.
Adolescents in the European Union (EU) exhibit a higher prevalence of vitamin D (VitD) deficiency than other age groups. The degree to which sunlight exposure 25-hydroxyvitamin D 25(OH)D ...concentrations depends on a variety of factors, including diet. Nevertheless, the relationship between calcium and VitD intake and 25(OH)D concentrations has not been previously studied among adolescents living in different EU countries and consequently in different latitudes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether calcium and VitD intakes are differentially associated with 25(OH)D in adolescents from northern, central and southern EU countries.
The present analysis included 178 adolescents from northern EU countries, 251 from central EU countries, and 212 from southern EU countries (ages 12.5–17.5 y). Mixed model linear regression analyses stratified by geographic location were used to verify associations between calcium and VitD intake and 25(OH)D concentrations. Age, Tanner stage, seasonality, energy intake, and supplement use were entered as covariates.
Only the calcium intake of central EU adolescents was positively associated with 25(OH)D (α = 0.005; 95% confidence interval, 0.007–0.028).
Further longitudinal studies should confirm these observations, as this could be important for future public health interventions aiming to increase 25(OH)D concentrations in adolescents.
•The vitamin D intake of European adolescents was not associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D status.•Only calcium intake of Central European adolescents was positively associated with vitamin D status.•Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm the association between calcium intake and vitamin D status considering different latitudes.
To determine dietary patterns (DPs) and explain the highest variance of vitamin B
, folate, and B
intake and related concentrations among European adolescents.
A total of 2173 adolescents who ...participated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study met the eligibility criteria for the vitamin B intake analysis (46% boys) and 586 adolescents for the biomarkers analysis (47% boys). Two non-consecutive, 24-h, dietary recalls were used to assess the mean intakes. Concentrations were measured by chromatography and immunoassay testing. A reduced rank regression was applied to elucidate the combined effect of food intake of vitamin B and related concentrations.
The identified DPs (one per vitamin B intake and biomarker and by sex) explained a variability between 34.2% and 23.7% of the vitamin B intake and between 17.2% and 7% of the biomarkers. In the reduced rank regression models, fish, eggs, cheese, whole milk and buttermilk intakes were loaded positively for vitamin B intake in both sexes; however, soft drinks and chocolate were loaded negatively. For the biomarkers, a higher variability was observed in the patterns in terms of food loads such as alcoholic drinks, sugars, and soft drinks. Some food items were loaded differently between intakes and biomarkers such as fish products, which was loaded positively for intakes but negatively for plasma folate in girls.
The identified DPs explained up to 34.2% and 17.2% of the variability of the vitamin B intake and plasma concentrations, respectively, in European adolescents. Further studies are needed to elucidate the factors that determine such patterns.
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