Summary
Thiamine deficiency resulted in inhibition of two main pathways supplying energy to the tissues: glycolysis and β‐oxidation. Glycolysis was found to be inhibited to 40% of initial value ...calculated on the basis of RBC trans‐membrane transport of glucose. Prolongation of experiment cause lowering of uptake of this sugar. In rats, energy production from fatty acids (FA) seems to be less sensitive to thiamine deficiency than glycolysis. After 30 days of feeding, utilization of FA in rats was depressed to the 61% of initial value. Thiamine deficiency suppressed insulin secretion, and the changes were statistically significant. Feeding of rats with thiamine restricted diet for 1 month caused the reduction of serum insulin by 14%. In the same animals, trans‐membrane glucose transport was reduced over two‐times, what might suggest a decreased efficiency of insulin action in such conditions. The kind and concentration of non‐digestible fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS) did not affect significantly serum insulin concentration in animals fed thiamine restricted diet. Substitution of a part of wheat starch with FOS has only insignificant compensatory effect on the uptake of glucose. A partial amelioration of the β‐oxidation inhibition caused by feeding rats with thiamine deficient diet was observed in animals supplemented with FOS. However, this effect was statistically significant only in rats receiving diet containing 10% of inulin. The effect of supplemented FOS and their concentration on trans‐membrane glucose transport in RBC was statistically significant, when pulled supplementation groups were used for statistical evaluation.
Disorders in energetical processes are described from the point of view of energy production and the possibility of substitution of substrates for ATP synthesis. The effects of other diet components ...such as microelements (Cr3+ ions) and non-digestible oligofructans (inulin and oligofructose) as stimulatory factors on the activity of beta-oxidation and cholesterol and triacylglyceroles levels lowering are reported.
We examined the coordination of processing streams when two reaction stimuli are presented with minimal temporal separation (the psychological refractory period, PRP, paradigm). We tested the ...hypothesis that individuals that grouped responses to the two stimuli would schedule response preparation later than those not-grouping their responses would. Performance measures were combined with a cardiac measure interpreted as an index of response inhibition. Forty-two college-aged participants performed an auditory choice task followed in 50, 100 or 400 ms by a visual choice reaction time (RT) task. Performance results replicated prior work. The timing of cardiac inter-beat intervals (IBIs) showed that participants grouping their reactions did appear to delay response preparation; while Non-Groupers promptly initiated response selection for the initial task. These results generally supported the importance of preparation for understanding the coordination of processing streams.
The experiment was performed on ISA broilers at big farm conditions. One day old chickens were randomly assigned to two poultry-houses with the capacity of 10
600 birds each. Chromium was provided in ...the form of chromium enriched yeast (1.0
g
Cr/kg yeast) given in doses of 0.2
mg
Cr/kg diet. No significant differences in growth rate and only a slight decrease of feed conversion ratio was found in broilers receiving chromium-yeast supplement. However, these birds had a lower mortality rate comparied with the rate observed in the controls. Moreover, dietary chromium led also to an improvement of carcass composition. Organic chromium supplementation increased the weight of pectoral muscles and meat of these broilers contained less amounts of fat and cholesterol. These effects were accompanied by an insignificant increase of chromium concentration in the pectoral muscles of birds fed chromium supplemented diets, from 40 to 52
μg/kg wet tissue.
We report new mid-eclipse times of the two close binaries NSVS14256825 and HS0705+6700, harboring an sdB primary and a low-mass main-sequence secondary. Both objects display clear variations in their ...measured orbital period, which can be explained by the action of a third object orbiting the binary. If this interpretation is correct, the third object in NSVS14256825 is a giant planet with a mass of roughly 12 MJup. For HS0705+6700, we provide evidence that strengthens the case for the suggested periodic nature of the eclipse time variation and reduces the uncertainties in the parameters of the brown dwarf implied by that model. The derived period is 8.4 yr and the mass is 31 MJup, if the orbit is coplanar with the binary. This research is part of the PlanetFinders project, an ongoing collaboration between professional astronomers and student groups at high schools.
Leguminous seeds contain a lot of antinutritional factors (ANFs) such as protease inhibitors, lectins and condensed tannins which can affect bioavailability of nutrients. Detrimental effect of ...protease inhibitors can be decreased by sulphur amino acids addition. Moreover, most of the leguminous ANFs are thermolabile. Hence, legumes tested in our study were extruded and/or diets were supplemented with methionine and cystine (0.15% + 0.15%). The present experiment was performed for 28 days on 90 Wistar rats divided into nine feeding groups. Semipurified diets (10% casein) were supplemented (10%), except the control one, with soybean (S) or faba bean (F), raw (R) or extruded (E), with addition of sulphur amino acids (SAA) or without them. The Cr concentration was determined in the femur bone. Total feed intake during whole trial widely varied among the groups and was the lowest in SR (289 g) and FR (294 g) groups. There was no correlation between feed intake and Cr content in the femur bone. Generally, 10% soybean in the diet decreased Cr concentration in the bones, and faba bean increased it. The SAA addition to diets generally increased femur Cr content. However, there was a significant interaction between SAA supplementation and extrusion of faba bean, hence, the effect of their combination was unclear.
An analytical study found higher levels of selenium (Se) in cow's milk than in human or goat milk, with less that 3% found in the lipid portion of any of the milks. Most of the Se was found in the ...120,000 g centrifugal supernatant in cow and human milk (72% and 62%, respectively), while less was found in this supernatant for goat milk (30%). In contrast, goat milk glutathione peroxidase represented a higher fraction of the total milk peroxidase activity (65%) than did human and cow's milk (27-29%). Differences in the level and distribution profile of Se-proteins between dialyzed and fresh milk also are discussed.(wz)
The concentration of selenium (Se) in milk samples obtained from 26 lacto-ovo-vegetarian (vegetarian) women was significantly greater (22.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) than from 12 nonvegetarian women (16.8 +/- ...1.3). Mean GSH-Px activity (EC 1.11.1.9) in milk from vegetarians was 146% of that in milk from nonvegetarians. A significant correlation between GSH-Px activity and Se concentration was observed (r = 0.76). Likewise a significant correlation was observed between milk linoleic acid content and GSH-Px activity (r = 0.68). In undialyzed samples from vegetarian women, most of the increased content of Se was found in fractions containing proteins of 100 kdaltons (kD) or more. The high glutathione peroxidase activity in milk from vegetarians was associated with selenoproteins in the 90 to 100 kD range. A distinct 40 kD Se peak was also detected in milk from vegetarians. There was no difference in Se intake between the two groups of women. Therefore, although data from the present study show that both the quantity and distribution of Se in human milk can be modified by the maternal diet, the increased Se content and GSH-Px activity in milk from vegetarians cannot be explained by an increased SE intake.
The present studies characterized the influence of dietary selenium (Na
2SeO
3) on the duration of pentobarbital (PB) induced hypnosis (sleep) in the rat. Rats were fed semipurified diets varying ...from 0.01 to 2.0 mg Se/kg for up to 4 weeks. Consumption of diets containing 1.0 and 2.0 mg Se/kg significantly prolonged PB induced hypnosis. Hepatic selenium, but not hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, correlated with the length of PB induced hypnosis. The prolongation of hypnosis caused by diets containing 1.0 mg Se/kg was substantially reduced or eliminated by repeated exposure to PB. Although single exposure to increasing quantities of PB (60–100 mg/kg body weight) led to a progressive increase in sleep duration, the proportional increase caused by supplemental selenium (2.0 vs 0.1 μg Se/g) remained relatively constant (∼25%). Increasing maturity was inversely related to the duration of PB induced hypnosis, regardless of dietary selenium provided. Consumption of the 2.0 mg Se/kg diet prolonged PB induced hypnosis to a greater degree in immature than in mature rats (
P < 0.05). Consumption of the selenium enriched diet (2 μg Se/g) resulted in an increase in cytochrome 2B, but had no effect on cytochrome 1A compared to controls (0.1 μg Se/g). Pretreatment of rats with P
450 enzymes activators (i.e., PB, Aroclor 1254, or 3-methylcholanthrene) shortened the duration of PB induced sleep and masked the effects of dietary selenium. The current studies document that dietary selenium can influence the response to pentobarbital induced hypnosis and likely relates to changes in drug detoxification enzymes.
![[P1.039] Carbon Dioxide Sep...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1877-7058/small "[P1.039] Carbon Dioxide Separation from CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 Mixtures in Dynamic Flow System Using Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes")
PDF
