The aim of study was to investigate an influence of nutritional deficiency and dietary addition of vit. B2, B6 and folic acid on PUFAs content in rats' serum and liver. Limitation of consumption full ...value diet to 50% of its previously determined daily consumption, enriched with m/a vitamins, significant decreased of linoleic (LA) and α‐linolenic (ALA) acids as well as distinctly increased arachidonic (AA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids content in serum in 30th day. In 60th day lower content of AA and DHA fatty acids was found. Nutrition with such diet, lasting 90 days caused decrease of LA content and increase of AA. Diet limitation to its 30% of daily consumption decreased of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA in the 30th day, while AA and DHA content was increased in the 60th day. Distinct decrease of AA content and increase of EPA content were found in the 90th day of experiment. Use of diets, with limited consumption to 50% caused increase of LA and ALA acids content while AA and DHA acids content were significantly decreased in the liver, in 90th day. Limited consumption supplemented diet to 30% caused in liver significant decrease of LA and increase of EPA acids content.
The influence of vitamin B6 on linoleic (LA), alpha-linolenic (ALA), aracfaidonic (AA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid content in serum and liver of rats fed with ...protein-energy deficient diets for 90 d, was studied. To estimate the effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin B6 on the composition and level of fatty acids in the serum and liver of rats, two experiments were performed. In these experiments control rats were fed ad libitum semisynthetic isocaloric diets of 1,466.5 kJ/100 g (35Okcal/100 g) throughout 90 d while the examined rats were offered 50% and 30% of the previously determined daily intake of the diet consumed in the control group. The experimental diet was supplemented with vitamin B6 to the level 4-times higher than in the control diet. A reduction to the half consumption of a standard diet supplemented with vitamin B6, caused a significant decrease of LA and ALA in blood serum at 30 and 60 d. At 90 d of the experiment the value of LA was lower and the content of AA was higher in comparison to the control group. After 30 d of consumption of vitamin B6 enriched diet in rats subjected to feed restriction to only 30% of the control intake, an increase of ALA and a decrease of AA. EPA and DHA were noticed in serum. At 60 d an increase of DHA was observed. Ninety days of feeding this diet caused a significant increase of AA level. Feeding animals for 90 d with a vitamin B6 enriched diet, with limited consumption to 50%, caused a significant increase of ALA content in liver. Further limitation of this diet consumption to 30% caused a significant decrease of LA and ALA and an increase of EPA content.
Transformations of diazinon, an organophosphate compound in the environment and poisoning by this compound Dębski, B.,, Warsaw Agricultural University (Poland). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Physiological Sciences; Kania, B. F., Warsaw Agricultural University (Poland). Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Physiological Sciences; Kuryl, T
Ekológia Bratislava,
(2007), Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Diazinon, an organophosphate insecticide, is a potent blocker of acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) in the blood and in tissues. Diazinon is commonly used as an insecticide in agriculture, home and ...gardens. Possible poisoning of the environment by the transfer of the compound to the underground water should be dangerous for water organisms. The rate of diazinon decomposition depends on physical properties of the environment. Especially sensitive to diazinon are insects, aquatic organisms and birds. Mammals are quite resistant to this insecticide. LD50 doses differ from 120 ng/insect to 120 mg/kg B.W. for mice. It is a potent blocker of acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) in blood and tissues. Diazinon is decomposed by oxidation, desulphuration and/or coupling with carbohydrates, amino acids or glutathione to diazoxon or 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxyperimidine (IMHP). From these two compounds diazoxon exhibit higher toxicity than diazinon, while IMHP is non-toxic. In processes of detoxification are engaged cyp and pon-1 proteins. These transformations occur in the microsomal endoplasmic reticulum and are catalyzed by monooxygenases, a group of isoenzymes coded by genes (CYP2C11, CYP3A2, CYP3A4 CYP2D6 in human and CYP2B1/2 in rats). In animal bodies, apart from cytochrome P450, NADPH/cytochrome P450 reductase and phosphatidylcholine also take a part in this process. Pon-1 (paraoxonase) activity is crucial for sensitivity or resistance of the organism to organophosphates. Babies and toddlers are particularly sensitive to diazinon. The annual use of diazinon in US is estimated for 30 000 tons. The possible toxicity of this compound to the environment resulted in the decision of EPA to remove diazinon from the use. The phase-out started in 2002 and should be completed to the end of 2004. According to European Community rules the use of diazinon is still possible. It is on the list of active biological substances permitted for use in agriculture in 2004-2010, but not for household use.
The experiment was performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats weighting 203, 103 and 53 g, and female 99 g. Animals were fed for 2 weeks a diet containing 0.1 and 2.0 ppm of Se (Na2SeO3 added). It was ...observed that the daily Se intake per kg of BW is lowered with an increase in animals body weight. Se-supplementation caused a significant increase of Se content in plasma and red blood cells. The highest concentration of Se in plasma and in RBC was found in females. GSH-Px activity was higher in RBC of all male rats receiving a Se-supplemented diet, but not in females. In plasma these differences between Se-adequate and supplemented rats were significant in youngest male rats and in females. These results suggest that age and sex of rats affect the concentration of Se and GSH-Px activity in plasma and RBC of rats.
The present paper summarises the results of the project: 'Survey of Anthropogenic Sources of Dioxins and Furans in the Baltic Region'. As a part of the project, inventories have been carried out in ...Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland by applying the toolkit for quantification of dioxin and furan releases developed by UNEP Chemicals. The main route of direct releases to the environment is emission to air. Total emission to air from Poland was estimated at 490 (88-1,300) g I-TEQ/year, whereas the emissions from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were estimated as being 14 (2.4-54), 23 (2.6-63) and 17 (2.6-38) g I-TEQ, respectively. In general, the uncertainty on the estimates is very high, and recommendations regarding further development of the inventories have been made, and measures for reducing the releases have been provided.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to describe changes in beta-oxidation of fatty acids and gene expression following chromium suplementation. The experiments were performed in mouse myoblast C2C12 ...cell line over 4 days differentiation. Chromium was added to medium (DMEM), as chromium chloride or chromium picolinate, in 1 and 10 micro g Cr/L concentrations. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids activity was measured after 1, 3, 6 or 48 h incubations. The results in these studies showed positive effect of chromium suplementation on activity of beta-oxidation. Results from microarray analysis indicate chromium interaction on signaling insulin pathway, also on transcription level. Increased expression of genes engaged in lipid metabolism and genes activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR suggest permanent effect caused by chromium ions
Human erythrocytes, preserved for 21-25 days in ACD fluid were incubated in buffers containing glucose, phosphates, pyruvate, adenine, various concentrations of adenosine and an addition of NH4Cl. ...The ammonium ion produced an increase in glucose utilization by the erythrocytes and raised their energetic state (ATP/ADP+AMP), concentration of 2,3 DPG and activity of PK. A significant influence of this ion on the levels of GSH and methaemoglobin was not demonstrated. Increasing the amount of adenosine in incubation fluids produced an effect analogous to that of the ammonium ion. It is possible that the action of adenosine in regenerating fluids is caused partially by the ammonium ion released during its deamination. This suggests the possibility of applying added NH4Cl in the regeneration process of preserved human erythrocytes.
OJ 287 is a BL Lacertae type quasar in which the active galactic nucleus (AGN) outshines the host galaxy by an order of magnitude. The only exception to this may be at minimum light when the AGN ...activity is so low that the host galaxy may make quite a considerable contribution to the photometric intensity of the source. Such a dip or a fade in the intensity of OJ 287 occurred in November 2017, when its brightness was about 1.75 magnitudes lower than the recent mean level. We compare the observations of this fade with similar fades in OJ 287 observed earlier in 1989, 1999, and 2010. It appears that there is a relatively strong reddening of the B\(-\)V colours of OJ 287 when its V-band brightness drops below magnitude 17. Similar changes are also seen V\(-\)R, V\(-\)I, and R\(-\)I colours during these deep fades. These data support the conclusion that the total magnitude of the host galaxy is \(V=18.0 \pm 0.3\), corresponding to \(M_{K}=-26.5 \pm 0.3\) in the K-band. This is in agreement with the results, obtained using the integrated surface brightness method, from recent surface photometry of the host. These results should encourage us to use the colour separation method also in other host galaxies with strongly variable AGN nuclei. In the case of OJ 287, both the host galaxy and its central black hole are among the biggest known, and its position in the black hole mass-galaxy mass diagram lies close to the mean correlation.
We report on the results of a multiwavelength monitoring campaign of the bright, nearby Seyfert galaxy, Ark 120 using a ~50-day observing programme with Swift and a ~4-month co-ordinated ground-based ...observing campaign, predominantly using the Skynet Robotic Telescope Network. We find Ark 120 to be variable at all optical, UV, and X-ray wavelengths, with the variability observed to be well-correlated between wavelength bands on short timescales. We perform cross-correlation analysis across all available wavelength bands, detecting time delays between emission in the X-ray band and the Swift V, B and UVW1 bands. In each case, we find that the longer-wavelength emission is delayed with respect to the shorter-wavelength emission. Within our measurement uncertainties, the time delays are consistent with the \tau ~ \lambda^{4/3} relation, as predicted by a disc reprocessing scenario. The measured lag centroids are \tau_{cent} = 11.90 +/- 7.33, 10.80 +/- 4.08, and 10.60 +/- 2.87 days between the X-ray and V, B, and UVW1 bands, respectively. These time delays are longer than those expected from standard accretion theory and, as such, Ark 120 may be another example of an active galaxy whose accretion disc appears to exist on a larger scale than predicted by the standard thin-disc model. Additionally, we detect further inter-band time delays: most notably between the ground-based I and B bands (\tau_{cent} = 3.46 +/- 0.86 days), and between both the Swift XRT and UVW1 bands and the I band (\tau_{cent} = 12.34 +/- 4.83 and 2.69 +/- 2.05 days, respectively), highlighting the importance of co-ordinated ground-based optical observations.
PDF
