The effect of the post-oxidation annealing temperatures (POA) in the range of 800 degrees C to 950 degrees C in N/sub 2/ atmosphere and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) after source/drain implantation ...on the radiation hardness of a typical CCD process have been studied using MOS capacitors and transistors. The prompt and delayed generated/annealed density of oxide charges and interface states at annealing temperatures of 25 degrees C and 100 degrees C maintaining the same bias condition used during irradiation have been investigated. Negative bias temperature treatment at 200 degrees C and an oxide field of -5 MV/cm have been performed to control the long-term stability of the different process variations.< >
A 400mm long linear X-ray sensitive image sensor Sevenhans, J.; Claeys, C.; Debusschere, I. ...
1987 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers,
1987, Letnik:
XXX
Conference Proceeding
A solid-state X-ray sensitive diode array with on-chip serial readout circuitry will be reported. The sensor consists of 128 diodes on a pitch of 400μm. Die size is 50×4mm. Device operates at a 1MHz ...pixel rate and achieves a sensitivity of 2.3nA/mm 2 for a tungsten tube at 100KeV and 9mA cathode current.
The monolithic integration of electronics and high-resistivity silicon detectors is reported. The approach is based on CMOS circuit integration in the top layer of high-resistivity SOI ...(silicon-on-insulator) wafers. In a preliminary feasibility study, high-resistivity wafers were subjected to SOI layer fabrication methods and evaluated with a simple diode process for two main characteristics: diode leakage and possible dopant concentration increase. In the second phase of the project, a full SOI-on-H Omega process was executed. MOSFET behavior was then evaluated.< >
A novel approach to monolithic pixel detectors based on SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafers with high-resistivity substrates is being pursued by the CERN RD-19 collaboration. The authors report the ...results of electrical evaluation measurements performed on the devices fabricated in the substrate. The SOI preparation processes considered (SIMOX and laser or stripheater ZMR) appear to be compatible with the fabrication of detectors of suitable quality in the high-resistivity substrate. With reference to the detecting elements in the substrate, ZMR wafers give very good results. For SIMOX wafers, the main concern seems to be the higher depletion voltage resulting from the increase in effective doping concentration.< >
This paper focuses on a two-stage coordination strategy for distributed storage systems located at the end-user level. A first day-ahead commitment stage lies on the Alternating Direction Method of ...Multipliers adapted to a decentralized problem in which the followers and leaders exchange prices (Lagrangian)/quantities information over iterations. Then a three-step coordination is proposed for real-time control to guarantee a fast convergence while trying to remain as close as possible to the profiles scheduled in the look-ahead stage. Specific attention is attached to the end-users’ objective function and their willingness to respond to coordinator signals. A layout of up to 100 households is simulated with the performances assessed regarding the trade-off between loss of revenue and global objective improvements. The impacts of load and solar generation forecasts errors are also investigated along with the effect of storage parameters. Obtained results highlight the need for a trade-off between the targeted objective in the look-ahead phase, and the confidence that it can be fulfilled in real-time.
Diversity and inclusion must be personally meaningful so that they continue to be on our minds in everything we do long after diversity training has ended. When we create deep connections, we build ...community and inspire others to follow suit, gently but boldly leading a wave of change throughout our organizations. This is how we make computational science more equitable, diverse, and inclusive.
The article tackles the issues related to the identification of electrical appliances inside residential buildings. Each appliance can be identified from the aggregate power readings at the meter ...panel. The possibility of applying a temporal multilabel classification approach in the domain of nonintrusive load monitoring is explored (nonevent-based method). A novel set of metafeatures is proposed. The method is tested on sampling rates based on the capabilities of current smart meters. The proposed approach is validated over a dataset of energy readings at residences for a period of a year for 100 houses containing different sets of appliances (water heater, washing machines, etc.). This method is applicable for the demand side management of households in the current limitation of smart meters; from the inhabitants or from the grid operator's point of view.
This study fits in the context of collective self-consumption in energy communities, where participants within a given area can exchange and trade energy among themselves. We propose a two-stage ...approach that decouples the operational phase, i.e., the energy management strategy (EMS), from the settlement where the energy is contractually allocated to the participants. In particular, this decoupled approach allows testing and comparing different methods for the EMS on one side and for the energy sharing on the other, for a total of forty different investigated combinations. Rule-based and optimization-based approaches are considered, allowing each community to compare and select the most appropriate management in line with its specification. The numerical results obtained on a real test case in France show 11.7% saving on the global community bill compared to a case in which the members are not organized as a community. Also, specific allocation mechanisms proposed in this paper allow uniforming the savings in terms of individual bill reduction, which can further encourage end-users to join a community.
•Four energy management strategies and ten options for energy allocation and billing.•A penalization of storage systems power variations in order to incur less degradation.•Community saving over 11% compared to a baseline of individual self-consumption only.•Uniform members’ bill reduction thanks to optimization-based benefit sharing strategy.
Inverter-based resources (IBRs) are changing the dynamics of medium-voltage distribution grids (MVDGs), leading to concerns over slow-interaction converter-driven stability (SICDS). Although ...researchers have proposed numerous device-level solutions for IBR stability, culminating in the promotion of grid-forming (GFM) as opposed to grid-following (GFL) inverters, a system-level analysis from the point-of-view of the distribution system operator (DSO) is still lacking. As a first step toward standardization, this paper provides some guiding principles for DSOs to prevent SICDS issues in MVDGs, by performing small-signal stability analysis and selecting a set of key parameters from state-of-the-art GFL and GFM models. By imposing bounds for these key parameters, DSOs could manage small-signal interactions between IBRs, as exemplified in the last section of this paper over a 2-IBRs study case, later scaled to a multi-inverter configuration with five inverters in a CIGRE medium voltage distribution benchmark network.
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