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•Gender, throw type, arm position and ball weight doesn’t affect shoulder kinematics.•Most studies didn’t describe methods for measuring shoulder kinematics sufficiently.•Only one ...study has described shoulder kinetics of handball throwing.•Unlike other sports, handball throwing doesn’t follow a proximal-to-distal sequence.
In recent years a number of studies have investigated shoulder biomechanics in handball throwing. The purpose of this scoping review is to summarize the current handball research in terms of shoulder joint kinematics and kinetics and identify gaps in the current research. Nineteen articles relevant to this topic were identified and included. The handball throw is characterized by large external shoulder rotation followed by a rapid internal rotation with minor changes in shoulder flexion and abduction. Generally timing sequence, joint angles and joint velocities were not affected by different conditions such as throwing type, arm position, ball weight and gender. However, large differences in shoulder angles and angular velocities were found between studies, which most likely are explained by methodological differences. Unfortunately, the information provided in the articles did not make it possible to transform measurements from one study to another and thereby eliminate the methodological differences. Only one study reported shoulder kinetics and found that kinetics were not affected by fatigue. This scoping review highlights the need for better descriptions of the methods used to obtain shoulder kinematics and for studies investigating shoulder kinetics in handball throwing.
This study examines the betting against beta (BAB) anomaly and its drivers for five major Asian markets, using data from January 1999 to January 2020. We find positive raw returns-based BAB premiums ...for India, China, and South Korea, while they are negative in Japan and Indonesia. Cross-sectional differences in BAB premiums seem to be positively associated with the level of information uncertainty and financial market development. Decomposition of the BAB phenomenon shows that BAB premiums are driven by betting against correlation (BAC) premiums in India while betting against volatility (BAV) premiums drive it in China and S.Korea. Funding liquidity risk and margin constraints drive positive BAC in India and Indonesia. Positive BAV in China is driven by MAX (lottery behavior), while idiosyncratic volatility (IVOL) and MAX together drive them in S.Korea. Negative BAB in Japan and Indonesia is mainly due to negative BAV premiums caused by MAX in Japan and both IVOL and MAX in Indonesia. CAPM-based risk-adjusted BAB premiums are not significant for S.Korea, Japan, and Indonesia, while in India and China, they are significant but get explained by the profitability factor. We conclude that the BAB strategy is not universally applicable, and its drivers vary across sample markets.
•The paper covers five major Asian markets and provides an evidence on betting against beta strategy and its key drivers.•It also addresses the issue if rational sources can explain BAB strategy-based profits.•Our findings provide new insights about the universal applicability of BAB anomaly.•The study fills an important research gap on BAB strategy for some of the most economically important markets of Asia.
After the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2) the LHC will provide lead–lead collisions at interaction rates as high as 50 kHz. In order to cope with such conditions the ALICE Time Projection Chamber (TPC) needs ...to be upgraded. After the upgrade the TPC will run in a continuous mode, without any degradation of the momentum and dE/dx resolution compared to the performance of the present TPC. Since readout by multi-wire proportional chambers is no longer feasible with these requirements, new technologies have to be employed. In the new readout chambers the electron amplification is provided by a stack of four Gas ElectronMultiplier (GEM) foils. Here foils with a standard hole pitch of 140 μm as well as large pitch foils (280 μm) are used. Their high voltage settings and orientation have been optimised to provide an energy resolution of σE/E ≤ 12% at the photopeak of 55Fe. At the same settings the Ion BackFlow into the drift volume is less than 1% of the effective number of ions produced during gas amplification and the primary ionisations. This is necessary to prevent the accumulation of space charge, which eventually will distort the field in the drift volume. To ensure stable operation at the high loads during LHC run 3 the chambers have to be robust against discharges, too. With the selected configuration in a quadruple GEMstack the discharge probability is kept at the level of 10-12 discharges per incoming hadron. An overview of the ALICE TPC upgrade activities will be given in these proceedings and the optimised settings foreseen for the GEM stacks of the future readout chambers are introduced. Furthermore the outcome of two beam time campaigns at SPS and PS (at CERN) in the end of 2014 is shown. At this campaigns the stability against discharges and the dE/dx performance of a full size readout chamber prototype was tested. In addition it is reported on charging-up studies of 4GEM stacks and on tests of electromagnetic sagging of large GEM foils.
This study examines important aspects of lottery behavior in India using data from December 2001 to March 2021. We experiment with a new measure of lottery along with well-established measures. Our ...lottery measure focusing on more recent information is found to be appropriate for India. MAX has a unique role in predicting returns that is not subsumed by other risk measures. We find MAX, skewness, tail risk, and idiosyncratic volatility as relevant characteristics of lottery stocks. Using these, we construct a lottery factor representing investors’ risk-seeking behavior. This behavior is an outcome of mis-weighing probability of extreme gains or losses and leads to overreaction to attention-catching events. We augment the Fama-French five-factor model with our lottery factor. Our six-factor behavioral asset pricing framework is found to be an appropriate performance benchmark. Lottery behavior is mainly the result of retail investor actions and is linked to several behavioral biases.
Measurements of ion mobility in argon and neon based gas mixtures Deisting, Alexander; Garabatos, Chilo; Szabo, Alexander ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2017, Letnik:
845
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
As gaseous detectors are operated at high rates of primary ionisation, ions created in the detector have a considerable impact on the performance of the detector. The upgraded ALICE Time Projection ...Chamber (TPC) will operate during LHC Run 3 with a substantial space charge density of positive ions in the drift volume. In order to properly simulate such space charges, knowledge of the ion mobility K is necessary.
To this end, a small gaseous detector was constructed and the ion mobility of various gas mixtures was measured. To validate the corresponding signal analysis, simulations were performed.
Results are shown for several argon and neon based mixtures with different CO2 fractions. A decrease of K was measured for increasing water content.
The impact of Babesia microti blood donation screening Tonnetti, Laura; Townsend, Rebecca L.; Deisting, Barbara M. ...
Transfusion (Philadelphia, Pa.),
February 2019, 2019-Feb, 2019-02-00, 20190201, Letnik:
59, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
BACKGROUND
Babesia microti, an intraerythrocytic parasite endemic in the Northeast and upper Midwest United States, is responsible for over 200 reported cases of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis ...(TTB). The American Red Cross has prospectively screened donations in endemic areas for B. microti since 2012.
METHODS
Blood donation samples from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Minnesota, and Wisconsin were tested by arrayed fluorescence immunoassay and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Donors with reactive results by any test were deferred and invited to participate in a follow‐up study.
RESULTS
Screening of 506,540 donations (June 2012–May 2018) yielded 1299 reactives, 177 of which were DNA and antibody positive and 25 DNA positive only. During the same time, 23 unscreened RBC units collected in Connecticut and Massachusetts were involved in TTB cases, making the risk of transmitting the infection from an unscreened donation in these two states 15.6‐times greater than from a Babesia‐negative unit. B. microti screening in Connecticut and Massachusetts has been associated with a reduction in TTB cases; none reported from blood donors residing in Connecticut since 2016. The positive donor rate has also decreased in Connecticut from 0.67% in 2013 to 0.23% in 2017. Ongoing follow‐up testing has shown that only 10% of antibody‐positive donors serorevert within 1 year, while 94% of polymerase chain reacton–positive donors become negative within 12 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Blood donation screening for B. microti in endemic areas effectively mitigates TTB risk. Screening should be considered for all areas demonstrating ongoing risk defined as clinical cases or positive blood donors including those associated with TTB cases.
PurposeThe main aim of the study is to identify some critical microeconomic determinants of financial distress and to design a parsimonious distress prediction model for an emerging economy like ...India. In doing so, the authors also attempt to compare the forecasting accuracy of alternative distress prediction techniques.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors use two alternatives accounting information-based definitions of financial distress to construct a measure of financial distress. The authors then use the binomial logit model and two other popular machine learning–based models, namely artificial neural network and support vector machine, to compare the distress prediction accuracy rate of these alternative techniques for the Indian corporate sector.FindingsThe study’s empirical results suggest that five financial ratios, namely return on capital employed, cash flows to total liability, asset turnover ratio, fixed assets to total assets, debt to equity ratio and a measure of firm size (log total assets), play a highly significant role in distress prediction. The study’s findings suggest that machine learning-based models, namely support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN), are superior in terms of their prediction accuracy compared to the simple binomial logit model. Results also suggest that one-year-ahead forecasts are relatively better than the two-year-ahead forecasts.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study have some important practical implications for creditors, policymakers, regulators and other stakeholders. First, rather than monitoring and collecting information on a list of predictor variables, only six most important accounting ratios may be monitored to track the transition of a healthy firm into financial distress. Second, our six-factor model can be used to devise a sound early warning system for corporate financial distress. Three, machine learning–based distress prediction models have prediction accuracy superiority over the commonly used time series model in the available literature for distress prediction involving a binary dependent variable.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first comprehensive attempts to investigate and design a parsimonious distress prediction model for the emerging Indian economy which is currently facing high levels of corporate financial distress. Unlike the previous studies, the authors use two different accounting information-based measures of financial distress in order to identify an effective way of measuring financial distress. Some of the determinants of financial distress identified in this study are different from the popular distress prediction models used in the literature. Our distress prediction model can be useful for the other emerging markets for distress prediction.
In this paper, we examine the stock market integration process amongst 17 Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) countries from January 2002 to June 2013 over a normal period as well as for the Global ...Financial Crisis (GFC) and Eurozone Debt Crisis (EDC) periods. We classify the economies in three groups (A, B and C) based on their GDP to examine whether the economic size influences financial integration. Seven indicators are used for the purpose, namely, beta convergence, sigma convergence, variance ratio, asymmetric DCC, dynamic cointegration, market synchronisation measure and common components approach. The results suggest that large-sized EMU economies (termed as Group A) exhibit strong stock market integration. Moderate integration is observed for middle-sized EMU economies with old membership (termed as Group B). Small-sized economies (termed as Group C) economies seemed to be least integrated within the EMU stock market system. The findings further suggest presence of contagion effects as one moves from normal to crisis periods, which are specifically stronger for more integrated economies of Group A. We recommend institutional, regulatory and other policy reforms for Group B and especially Group C to achieve higher level of integration.
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