Cilj: Ispitati pojavnost znakova ishemijske periferne arterijske bolesti (PAB), ulkusa nogu (UN) i amputacija nogu (AN) u bolesnika liječenih kroničnom intermitentnom hemodijalizom (HD) te njihovu ...povezanost s drugim kliničkim i laboratorijskim parametrima. Metode: U presječno istraživanje, provedeno od siječnja do svibnja
2023. godine, uključeno je 329 bolesnika iz 5 HD centara. Osim anamneze, pregleda dokumentacije te kliničkog pregleda (posebice pulzacija), praćeni su i zadnji laboratorijski nalazi bolesnika određivani u rutinskoj kliničkoj praksi. Za ispitivanje neovisnih rizičnih čimbenika za UN te AN korištena je multivarijatna logistička regresija. Rezultati: Uključeno je 202 muškarca (61,4%), 119 bolesnika s dijabetesom (36,2%), medijana HD liječenja 40 mjeseci. PAB nogu imalo je 98 (27,8%) bolesnika, UN 42 (12,8%), a AN 40 (12,2%) bolesnika. UN bolesnici imali su češće PAB, dijabetes, ishemijsku srčanu bolest, češće su bili pušači, češće su imali odsutne ili oslabljene pulzacije na svim lokalizacijama nogu te češće amputacije i hipoalbuminemiju. AN bolesnici češće su imali PAB, dijabetes, ulkuse nogu, češće su bili pušači i imali odsutne ili oslabljene pulzacije na svim lokalizacijama nogu i hipoalbuminemiju te su bili značajno mlađi i viši. U multivarijatnoj logističkoj regresiji kao nezavisni čimbenici rizika za UN nađeni su: PAB, dijabetes, duži HD staž i hipoalbuminemija. Nezavisni rizični čimbenici za AN bili su: PAB, UN, dijabetes, pušenje, mlađa dob i hipoalbuminemija. Zaključak: učestalost znakova PAB-a veća je u HD bolesnika u usporedbi s općom populacijom, a dijabetes, pušenje i dužina liječenja HD-om dodatni su rizični čimbenici. Potrebna su prospektivna istraživanja te kliničko praćenje statusa nogu u ovih bolesnika radi sprječavanja komplikacija.
Summary
A number of studies have shown that the consumption of cocoa and chocolate products has positive health effects on humans. The object of this research was to monitor changes of total and ...individual phenolics and antioxidant capacity during the cocoa bean manufacturing. The loss of cocoa phenolics and their antioxidant activity vary with the degree of technological process. The process of roasting and cocoa nib alkalisation had the major influence on phenolic compounds as well as on antioxidant capacity. The roasting treatment resulted in 14% loss of the total phenolics content, while alkalisation resulted in 64% loss of total phenolics content. Procyanidins B1 and B2 as well as (−)‐epigallocatechin were the unstable components, while caffeic acid derivate showed the greatest stability in all technological process. Furthermore, PCA showed that phenolic contents, antioxidant capacity and non‐fat cocoa solids parts of the samples were classified in groups according technological conditions.
Glucosinolates are sulfur- and nitrogen-containing plant secondary metabolites common in the Brassicaceae and related plant families. In the plant, they coexist with an endogenous ?-thioglucosidase ...(EC 3.2.3.1) called myrosinase, though glucosinolates are stored in the vacuoles of so-called S-cells and myrosinase in separate but adjacent cells. Upon plant tissue disruption, glucosinolates are released at the damage site and become hydrolyzed by myrosinase. The chemical nature of the hydrolysis products depends on the structure of the glucosinolate side chain, plant species and reaction
conditions. Biosynthesis of glucosinolates comprises three phases: (i)
amino acid chain elongation, in which additionalmethylene groups are inserted into the side chain, (ii) conversion of the amino acid moiety to the glucosinolate core structure, (iii) and subsequent side chain modifications.
Glucosinolate pattern differs between species and ecotype as well as between and even within individual plants, depending on developmental stage, tissue and photoperiod. A number of environmental conditions such as light plant, nutritional status, fungal infection, wounding and insect damage can alter the glucosinolate pattern significantly. The change of the glucosinolate profile
by several environmental factors has brought forward different theories regarding their potential roles in the plant. However, the most accepted theory is that the glucosinolate-myrosinase system is involved in defense against herbivores and pathogens. This review summarized recent progress in glucosinolate biosynthesis, degradation and organization of the myrosinase-glucosinolate
system. Furthermore, current knowledge of the potential role of glucosinolates in the plant, especially in plant defense, is discusseD..
Polyphenolic content and composition and antioxidative activity of different cocoa liquors Radojcic Redovnikovic, I.,University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; Delonga, K.,University of Zagreb (Croatia). Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology; Mazor, S.,Kras, Food Industry, Zagreb (Croatia) ...
Czech Journal of Food Sciences,
01/2009, Letnik:
27, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cocoa liquor used in the confectionery industry comes from a wide range of geographical areas and may have different chemical compositions, sensory properties, and nutritional values. We found it ...interesting to study the polyphenolic content and composition of cocoa liquors for their potential use in industrial production. Six defatted samples originating from different countries were extracted with aqueous methanol (70%, v/v), and the polyphenolic profiles were determined using RP-HPLC method. According to our results, all samples of cocoa liquors have similar polyphenolic profiles, however, quantitatively varied. About 13 compounds were identified by comparison of their retention times and UV spectra. The quantified peaks were (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, caffeic acid derivative, caffeine, and theobromine. Several peaks were identified as oligomeric procyanidins. The free-radical scavenging activity was determined by the DPPH* (1,1'-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl) and Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) assays. The order of antioxidant activity of the cocoa liquors studied was the same with both methods (Madagascar more than Mexico more than Ecuador more than Venezuela more than Sao Tome more than Ghana samples). High correlation coefficients were determined between the antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic concentrations by both methods (R2 = 0.9868 for DPPH, and 0.9375 for ORAC).
In vitro grown plantlets, tumour and teratoma tissues of horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.) were compared with regard to glucosinolate profiles. Plantlets produced significantly higher ...amounts of total glucosinolates than tumour and teratoma tissues. The aliphatic glucosinolate sinigrin was quantitatively dominant. Plantlets also contained lower amounts of an aromatic glucosinolate, gluconasturtiin and indole compounds: glucobrassicin, 4-methylglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin. In tumour and teratoma tissues only these indole glucosinolates were detected. The activity of enzyme myrosinase ( beta -thioglucosidase) was significantly higher in plantlets than in teratoma. No myrosinase activity was recorded in tumour. Total peroxidase activity was 30-50 times higher in tumour and teratoma than in plantlets. The hypothesis that teratoma tissue with shoots is more similar to plantlets than to unorganised tumour has not been confirmed neither for glucosinolate profiles nor for peroxidase activity, but only for myrosinase activity.
The nutritional value of sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.) has recently been emphasised as their anti-oxidant and phenolic compounds can improve human health and provide nutritional benefits. ...This has increased the interest of the food industry and of consumers in using sweet potato greens as a functional food. To increase the level of phenolic compounds in sweet potato leaves, we studied the influence of potassium (K)-fertilisation at different N:K ratios namely 1:1 (control), 1:2.5, or 1:5 on the phenolics contents and corresponding anti-oxidant activities of two cultivars of sweet potato, 'Bat1'and 'Boniato'. In general, enhanced K-fertilisation increased the level of phenolic compounds and the corresponding anti-oxidant activity. However, the two cultivars differed in their response to K-fertilisation. Phenolic acids were increased (by approx. 20%) in 'Bat1' only after the application of N:K at a ratio of 1:5, while K-fertilisation at all rates increased the flavonoid contents of both cultivars (by approx. 300%). Our results could be useful for sweet potato producers who wish to make informed decisions on which cultivar and/or mineral fertiliser regime to choose in order to produce sweet potato leaves of the desired nutritional quality.
Uspoređen je sastav glukozinolata iz in vitro uzgajanih biljčica, tumora i teratoma hrena (Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib.). Biljčice su sadržavale kudikamo više ukupnih glukozinolata nego tumor i ...teratom. Po količini je prevladavao alifatski glukozinolat. Biljčice su sadržavale još manju količinu aromatskog glukozinolata, glukonasturtina te indolske spojeve: glukobrasicin, 4-metilglukobrasicin i
4-hidroksiglukobrasicin. U tumorskom i teratomskom tkivu otkriveni su samo ti indolni glukozinolati. Aktivnost enzima mirozinaze (β-tioglukozidaza) bila je veća u biljčicama nego u teratomu, a u tumoru nije utvrđena. Ukupna peroksidazna aktivnost bila je 30-50 puta veća u tumoru i teratomu nego u biljčicama. Pretpostavka da će teratomsko tkivo koje sadrži izdanke biti sličnije biljčici nego neorganiziranom tumoru nije se potvrdila ni u profilu glukozinolata, niti peroksidaznoj aktivnosti, nego samo u mirozinaznoj aktivnosti.
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